Children for Change Board: The Children Speak Out

Because children often know how best to meet the needs of children, looking at the hospital through their eyes can be a way to improve patient care Forming a board made up of children is one means of reaching this goal Board members raise issues based on their own hospital experiences or knowledge about hospitals In addition, hospital departments request opinions, suggestions, etc, from children on a variety of topics menus, decorations, educational material, and more The board creates an awareness about the patients and their special needs as children, both within the hospital and in the community.     

四种类型公共场所从业人员烟草暴露与控烟状况调查

目的 了解公共场所从业人员的烟草暴露与控烟现况,为开展公共场所有效控烟工作提供依据。方法2009年10月方便抽取北京市通州区洗浴、餐饮、歌厅、网吧共45家,随机选取公共场所从业人员507人独立填答无记名调查问卷。结果问卷有效应答率93．5％（n=474）。四类公共场所从业人员的总吸烟率为42．2％,男性（69．5％）高于女性（8．5％）,差别有统计学意义（x^2=178．624,P〈0．001）。3．4％的调查者尝试过吸烟,16岁～组和小学文化程度以下者尝试吸烟率稍高,分别为5．2％和10．0％;40～53岁的戒烟率较高,达27．8％。四类公共场所从业人员被动吸烟率为62．0％,男（55．0％）、女（64．9％）被动吸烟率差异无统计学意义（x^2=2．381,P=0．123）。女性被动吸烟暴露程度较男性严重（X2=8．272,P=-0．016）。四类公共场所均有销售卷烟现象。11．6％的从业人员不清楚其工作场所对吸烟的规定,且69．7％的从业人员没看见或没注意过在禁烟场所吸烟被处罚。只有14．2％的顾客能遵守吸烟规定。如果顾客在非吸烟区吸烟,74．8％的从业人员特别是非吸烟者和文化程度较高的从业人员更易于上前制止吸烟。85．0％的从业人员认为在工作场所开展完全禁烟的困难是顾客难以配合。结论休闲娱乐类公共场所从业人员的吸烟率和被动吸烟率均很高。     

Implementation of Workplace-Based Smoking Cessation Support Activities and Smoking Cessation Among Employees: The Finnish Public Sector Study

Objectives. We investigated the relationship between implementation of workplace smoking cessation support activities and employee smoking cessation.Methods. In 2 cohort studies, participants were 6179 Finnish public-sector employees who self-reported as smokers at baseline in 2004 (study 1) or 2008 (study 2) and responded to follow-up surveys in 2008 (study 1; n = 3298; response rate = 71%) or 2010 (study 2; n = 2881; response rate = 83%). Supervisors’ reports were used to assess workplace smoking cessation support activities. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine changes in smoking status.Results. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, number of cigarettes smoked per day, work unit size, shift work, type of job contract, health status, and health behaviors, baseline smokers whose supervisors reported that the employing agency had offered pharmacological treatments or financial incentives were more likely than those in workplaces that did not offer such support to have quit smoking. In general, associations were stronger among moderate or heavy smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes/day) than among light smokers (< 10 cigarettes/day).Conclusions. Cessation activities offered by employers may encourage smokers, particularly moderate or heavy smokers, to quit smoking.Smoking bans are increasingly used to reduce smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. Bans have been widely implemented in the European Union countries, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicts that by 2020 or sooner, all US states will have laws banning smoking in all indoor areas of private-sector work sites, restaurants, and bars.1 Smoke-free work environments are associated with higher smoking cessation rates.2,3Workplaces are often the setting for efforts to promote smoking cessation. Beyond workplace smoking restrictions and campaigns to reduce smoking, employers offer various types of support for smoking cessation, including support groups, nicotine replacement therapy, other pharmacological treatments, and financial incentives.4 A review of workplace interventions showed strong evidence that interventions directed toward individual smokers, such as individual and group counseling and pharmacological treatment, increase the likelihood of smoking cessation.4 By contrast, there was only limited evidence that participation in cessation programs can be increased by competitions and incentives.5Another review showed that worksite-based multicomponent programs involving incentives and competitions in combination with other interventions can be effective.6 Similarly, a recent study conducted at a large company revealed that financial incentives significantly increase cessation rates.7 Self-help interventions and social support have been found to be less effective.4It is not clear whether the effectiveness of interventions varies according to initial smoking intensity, that is, number of cigarettes smoked per day. Hyland et al.8 suggested that low-level smokers may have different intervention needs than heavier smokers. Most studies have been limited by small sample sizes or have been conducted in a small number of work sites, so the extent to which findings are generalizable to other populations and settings is uncertain.In a large sample of smokers from more than 1000 public-sector work units, we examined whether employer-offered smoking cessation support activities were associated with a higher likelihood of quitting smoking independently of a number of other factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, work-related factors, health status, and health behaviors. In addition, we examined whether the effects of smoking cessation support activities on smoking cessation varied according to prior smoking intensity.     

成都市男性医生、教师及公务员吸烟行为与影响因素的研究

目的了解成都市男性医生、教师和公务员3类人群的吸烟状况及其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查方法,对抽取的医生、教师和公务员1358人进行调查,描述其中319名男性医生、127名男性教师和166名男性公务员的吸烟现状;应用logistic回归模型探讨3类重点人群中男性吸烟的影响因素。结果本次调查3类人群总体吸烟率为19.4%,其中男性吸烟率42.3%。对男性吸烟行为有意义的影响因素分别为年龄、工龄、学历、相关知识得分和相关态度得分。结论坚持在3类人群中强化开展烟草控制工作,可利用家庭和社会支持网络,降低3类人群的吸烟率。     

运用计算机开展中学生控烟活动

海南省儋州市那大二中自 1 996年开始实施学校控烟项目。该校结合素质教育和思想品德教育 ,开展了形式多样的预防吸烟干预活动 ,如漫画创作、歌曲、作文、致家长的公开信、墙报、文艺晚会中的小品表演等 ,而运用计算机形式开展控烟活动是深受同学们喜爱的形式之一。为了解该形式的教育效果 ,海南省健康教育研究所于 2 0 0 0年 1月 2 1日在该校高一年级和初二年级组织了 4组专题小组讨论 ,和计算机教师、分管学校控烟工作的领导进行了访谈 ,对该活动效果进行定性评价。对象与方法1 对象　高一年级两组 2 3人 ,其中男生 8人 ,女生 1 5人 ;初…     

北京市昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟现状

目的了解北京市昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟现状及对控烟和禁烟的态度。方法制定统一调查表,随机抽取2009年到昌平区疾病预防控制中心进行健康检查的食品与公共场所的从业人员1450人,进行一对一问卷调查。结果 1450人中,现在吸烟率为28.00%（男性62.34%,女性6.20%）,戒烟率为21.18%;对单位的禁烟支持率达到97.66%。女性对控烟和戒烟知识的了解高于男性（P〈0.01）,差异有统计学意义。结论昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟率偏高,需进一步加强对该人群＂吸烟有害健康＂的宣教工作,降低其吸烟率,以达到WHO提出＂2011年我国所有室内公共场所将全面禁烟＂的目标。     

Gendered Discourse about Family Business

Abstract: Language patterns of family business owners were explored by identifying discourse styles and emphasized ideas in four presenting contexts: business, family, intersection of family and business, and business success. The content analysis supports the existence of a general discourse style within family businesses and of similarities and differences between men and women in emphasized ideas as they frame their family businesses. The emotional discourse style (words of personal involvement, concern, and preference) was prominent across contexts for both genders, and there was a distinct absence of analytical language. Women had a higher emotional discourse style score for managing the business than did men, and balanced their emotional language with the practicality of planning tasks and creating efficiencies.     

Determinants of Small Business Interest in Offering a Wellness Program to Their Employees

Abstract

Data from a survey of small business managers were analyzed in order to identify the main determinants of how interested they were in offering a wellness program to their employees. The results indicate that interest in offering a wellness program is more a function of perceived effectiveness than it is related to the issue of whether the benefits these programs provide are relevant to the needs of small businesses. The results also suggest that humanitarian motives have a greater influence on small business interest in wellness than do financial motives.     

灵活就业人员医疗保险典型问题剖析

将灵活就业人员纳入基本医疗保险，是目前我国社会保险扩面工作的一项重点工作。各地在制度实施过程中。出现了一些典型问题。如参保者年长者居多、健康状况较差者居多、收入偏低或无单住依托的灵活就业人员参保比例较低，以及灵活就业人员“断保”现象突出。深入剖析这些问题的现象及原因，并寻找解决之道，是现今灵活就业人员医疗保险工作的重中之重。     

Smoking cessation in women concerned about weight.

BACKGROUND. Weight gain after smoking cessation is often cited by women smokers as a primary reason for not attempting to quit smoking or for relapsing after a cessation attempt. METHODS. A randomized trial of 417 women smokers was conducted to test the addition of two weight control strategies to a smoking cessation program. Participants received the standard smoking cessation program, the program plus nicotine gum, the program plus behavioral weight control, or the program plus both nicotine gum and behavioral weight control. Weight and smoking status were measured at the end of treatment and at 6 and 12 months posttreatment. RESULTS. Smoking cessation rates were highest in the group receiving the smoking cessation program plus nicotine gum. Weight gain did not vary by treatment condition, so its effect on relapse could not be examined by group. There was no significant relationship between weight gained and relapse in individuals. CONCLUSIONS. The added behavioral weight control program was attractive to the participants and did not reduce smoking cessation rates. However, it did not produce the expected effect on weight, thereby restricting our ability to examine the effect of weight control on smoking cessation and relapse.     

北京市昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟及对吸烟危害认知情况

目的了解北京市昌平区食品与公共场所从业入员吸烟和被动吸烟现状以及对控烟和禁烟的态度。方法制定统一调查表,随机抽取2009年到昌平区疾病预防控制中心进行健康检查的食品与公共场所从业人员,采取一对一问卷调查。结果共调查1450人,食品与公共场所从业人员现在吸烟率为28.00%（男性24.21%,女性3.79%）,戒烟率为10.20%。在过去的7个工作日,26.00%的食品与公共场所从业人员曾被动吸烟,其中5.10%的从业人员则是天天被动吸烟;对单位的禁烟支持率达到97.66%;食品与公共场所从业人员对控烟和戒烟知识的了解情况女性高于男性。结论昌平区食品与公共场所从业人员吸烟及被动吸烟率偏高,需进一步加强对该人群＂吸烟有害健康＂的宣教工作,以降低昌平区公共场所的吸烟率。     

北京市通州区某镇成人吸烟及戒烟相关信息分析

目的 了解农村地区成人吸烟现状,为制定适宜农村地区的控烟措施提供依据.方法 于2011年对北京市通州区永乐店地区参加永乐店卫生院年度健康体检的年龄在20岁及以上农村居民进行吸烟相关行为的问卷调查.结果 此次共调查18 238人,男性8 156人,女性10 082人.调查人群总吸烟率29.9％,现在吸烟率28.6％,男性吸烟率64.1％,女性吸烟率2.2％.调查人群开始吸烟的平均年龄为(19.82±7.09)岁;吸烟者平均每天吸(16.53±8.31)支;被动吸烟率61.6％;有38.5％的人有戒烟意愿,戒烟率为4.2％,2.3％的吸烟者知道戒烟门诊.最近一年有21.7％接受卫生服务的吸烟者得到过医生的戒烟建议.结论 吸烟是农村地区面临的一个严重危害居民健康的公共卫生问题,应加强居民控烟健康教育,提高社区医生戒烟技术,减少烟草使用带来的疾病负担.     

Smoking in hotels: prevalence,and opinions about restrictions

Abstract: Exposure to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke can occur in hotels. Controversy exists about smoking regulation on licensed premises. This survey of 138 people attending one of three Newcastle hotels during 1993 found that 57 per cent of respondents were nonsmokers. Fifty-eight per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 50 to 66 per cent) of respondents in these hotels believed their health was being adversely affected by other people's smoke in the hotel. Seventy per cent (CI 62 to 78 per cent), including half the smokers, were in favour of restriction of smoking in the hotels. Most preferred the establishment of smoke-free areas to the introduction of total smoking bans in hotels. The failure of hotels to regulate smoking suggests that a legislative approach is required. The case for legislation would be strengthened by a larger study elsewhere in Australia.     

天津市教育系统员工肿瘤知识与吸烟行为的调查分析

目的调查肿瘤知识的知晓情况、吸烟行为以及二的关系，为今后的控烟工作与肿瘤预防与干预提供客观依据。方法在天津市红桥区教育系统员工中进行普查，由统一培训的调查员以访谈方式对研究对象进行一般情况、吸烟行为、肿瘤相关知识的调查并统一评分。结果教师的吸烟率较低，并具备一定的肿瘤防治认知水平。但45～49岁组男性教师肿瘤相关知识得分相对较低，而且评分与吸烟指数呈负相关，在男教师中与接受相关的健康教育程度呈正相关。结论在肿瘤防治的宣传教育工作中应针对不同的年龄人群采取不同的策略。在加大防癌宣传力度的同时仍应积极开展控烟活动。     

学校预防吸烟健康教育模式的实施与探讨

教育青少年远离烟草，是关系到他们身心健康、阻断烟民后继队伍、提高中华民族素质的百年大计。在卫生部的领导下，由北京、天津、上海、深圳、濮阳、长沙6个城市参加的“中国／WHO控烟能力建设合作（学校控烟子项目）”已于2003年3月启动，上海地区全面实施了为期一年学校控烟项目工作，初步探索了学校支持、学生参与、社区动员的学校预防吸烟健康教育新模式，并取得了一定的成效。