Ghrelin抑制小鼠骨髓基质细胞成脂分化

目的观察胃促生长素ghrelin对原代培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞成脂分化的影响。方法体外培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞,MDI诱导剂诱导细胞成脂分化,显微镜观察细胞形态变化;油红O染色法检测细胞甘油三酯含量,化学比色法测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性;MTT法检测细胞克隆化扩增活动,RT-PCR检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ2(PPARγ2)和丝氨酸蛋白酶脂肪因子adipsinmRNA表达,Westernblot检测PPARγ2蛋白表达。结果Ghrelin能够剂量依赖性(10-9、10-8、10-7mol/L)地抑制骨髓基质细胞成脂分化,升高ALP活性(P<0·05或P<0·01)。Gh-relin能够降低PPARγ2和adipsinmRNA以及PPARγ2蛋白表达(P<0·05)。Ghrelin对细胞成脂分化早期的克隆化扩增没有显著影响。结论Ghrelin能够显著抑制体外培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞成脂分化,该作用可能与抑制PPARγ2表达有关。     

Interleukin-4 directly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophages

Recently it has been found that osteoclast differentiation is induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Interleukin (IL)-4 was reported to suppress osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. However, no study has investigated the effect of IL-4 on TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast formation. In this study, we investigated whether IL-4 inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM). First, IL-4 suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Next, when BMM were cultured with TNF-alpha, osteoclast-like cells were formed. When they were cultured with both TNF-alpha and IL-4, osteoclast formation and bone resorption was suppressed by IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. It has been recently found that TNF-alpha and RANKL synergistically promote osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we investigated whether IL-4 had the ability to inhibit synergistic TNF-alpha and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, with the result that it effectively inhibited the synergistic osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that IL-4 can strongly inhibit osteoclast formation that is related to both physiological bone resorption induced by RANKL and pathological bone resorption induced by TNF-alpha.     

Hurler disease bone marrow stromal cells exhibit altered ability to support osteoclast formation

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS IH; Hurler syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene, resulting in the deficiency of IDUA enzyme activity and intra-cellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. A characteristic skeletal phenotype is one of the many clinical manifestations in Hurler disease. Since the mechanism(s) underlying these skeletal defects are not completely understood, and bone and cartilage are mesenchymal lineages, we focused on the characterization of mesenchymal cells isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of 5 Hurler patients. IDUA-mutated BM stromal cells (BMSC) derived from MPS IH patients exhibited decreased IDUA activity, consistent with the disease genotype. The expansion rate, phenotype, telomerase activity, and differentiation capacity toward adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells in vitro of the MPS I BMSC lines were similar to those of BMSC from age-matched normal control donors. MPS I BMSC also had a similar in vivo osteogenic capacity as normal BMSC. However, MPS I BMSC displayed an increased capacity to support osteoclastogenesis, which may correlate with the up-regulation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG molecular pathway in MPS I BMSC compared with normal BMSC.     

Deflazacort increases osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow culture and the ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA expression in marrow stromal cells.

Information on precise effects of deflazacort on bone cell function, especially osteoclasts, is quite limited. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test effects of deflazacort on osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse bone marrow cultures and on the regulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand (RANKL) mRNA expressions by RT-PCR in the ST2 marrow stromal cells. TRAP-positive mononuclear cells increased after the treatment of deflazacort at 10(-9) to 10(-7) M alone for 6 days in a dose-dependent manner. Number of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells (MNCs) increased significantly with combined treatment of deflazacort at 10(-7) M and 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-9) M compared to that of cultures treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 alone (p<0.05). Exposure to deflazacort at 10(-7) M in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-9) M in the last 3-day culture had greater stimulatory effect on osteoclast-like cell formation than that of the first 3-day culture did. Deflazacort at 10(-10) -10(-6) M downregulated OPG and upregulated RANKL in mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that deflazacort stimulate osteoclast precursor in the absence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and enhance differentiation of osteoclasts in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. These effects are, in part, thought to be mediated by the regulation of the expression of OPG and RANKL mRNA in marrow stromal cells.     

Sol-gel bioactive glasses support both osteoblast and osteoclast formation from human bone marrow cells

We have examined the ability of bioactive sol-gel glass ceramics to support both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from human bone marrow cells (HBMC). Nucleated cells from human bone marrow were cultured on tissue culture plastic and on two sol-gel coatings: A2 glass-ceramic containing 54 mol % CaO/40 mol % SiO(2) and S2 glass-ceramic containing 16 mol % CaO/80 mol % SiO(2). Osteoblast differentiation was followed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA levels for ALP, osteopontin, RANK ligand (RANKL), and immunofluorescent co-localization of ALP and RANKL. Osteoclasts were identified by morphology and positive staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). ALP activity and mRNA levels were similar for cells on A2 coatings and on tissue culture plastic, but mRNA levels of osteopontin and RANKL were tenfold higher on A2 than on plastic. Cultures on A2 coatings also contained multinucleated osteoclasts staining positively for TRAP. In contrast, cells cultured on S2 coatings had the characteristics of more differentiated osteoblasts as measured by higher ALP expression. However, the levels of osteopontin and RANKL mRNA on S2 glass were lower than on A2 glass and there were fewer, weakly staining TRAP-positive multinucleate cells. Thus, sol-gel glass-ceramic materials differing in CaO/SiO(2) ratios can produce markedly different effects on the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from HBMC.     

Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on peripheral blood and bone marrow T lymphocyte colony formation

The effect of cyclosporin A on the formation of T lymphocyte colonies from human peripheral blood and bone marrow was tested using a double-layer technique. A moderate inhibition (27%) was observed on peripheral blood lymphocytes with concentrations of 0.1 microgram/ml of the drug; this increased to 57% with 1 microgram/ml and to almost 70% with 10 microgram/ml. Bone marrow cells were less sensitive to cyclosporin A. This was more evident at the lowest concentration of the drug (0.1 microgram/ml), with which a 14% inhibition was found. Higher concentrations (1--10 microgram/ml) produced 37 and 56% inhibition respectively. Overnight incubation with the drug followed by repeated washing of the cells did not influence colony growth. E-rosette formation was also not affected by cyclosporin A. The apparent greater sensitivity to the drug of peripheral blood than bone marrow T lymphocytes, possibly related to a different distribution of T colony-forming cells or of T lymphocyte subsets, may have some bearing on the clinical application of cyclosporin A in the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease in man.     

构建携带胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因骨髓间充质干细胞及其对胶质瘤细胞的体外抑制作用

背景：转染胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因的骨髓间充质干细胞能有效地将化疗前药5-氟尿嘧啶转化成具有细胞毒性的化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶,并在体外对胶质瘤细胞有显著的生长抑制作用。 目的：探讨以骨髓间充质干细胞为基因治疗载体表达外源基因胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因对胶质瘤C6细胞增殖的影响。 方法：分离、培养小鼠间充质干细胞,构建胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因与GFP联合的慢病毒载体,通过慢病毒包装法将胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因及GFP转染至小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,获得稳定表达胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因及GFP的骨髓间充质干细胞,使其与胶质瘤C6细胞共培养,在培养液中加入5-氟胞嘧啶后应用流式细胞仪检测胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因对胶质瘤细胞的增殖影响。 结果与结论：慢病毒介导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因及GFP基因成功转染小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞形成C57BL/6 mMSC-codA/eGFP细胞,C57BL/6 mMSC-codA/eGFP在5-氟胞嘧啶的作用下可引起胶质瘤C6细胞的明显凋亡,在5-氟胞嘧啶浓度为1×10⁶ μg/ L条件下C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡率为60%(P < 0.05)。提示,C57BL/6 mMSC-codA/eGFP可将5-氟胞嘧啶转化成5-氟尿嘧啶并对C6胶质瘤细胞生长有显著的限制作用甚至是致死效应。     

Inhibitory effect of C3b on rosette formation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with mouse erythrocytes

The inhibitory effect of C3b on the mouse erythrocyte and C3 binding receptors of peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been studied. The results of statistical analysis indicate that there is not a significant difference between the effects of C3b on the two receptors.     

Radioprotective effect of sulfasalazine on mouse bone marrow chromosomes

Sulfasalazine (SAZ), a prescribed drug for inflammatory bowel disease, is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species. The present study was undertaken to ascertain its ability to protect against gamma radiation-induced damage. Acute toxicity of the drug was studied taking 24-h, 72-h and 30-day mortality after a single intraperitoneal injection of 400-1200 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) of the drug. The drug LD(50) for 24- and 72-h/30-day survival were found to be 933 and 676 mg/kg b.wt., respectively. The optimum time of drug administration and drug dose-dependent effect on in vivo radiation protection of bone marrow chromosomes was studied in mice. Injection of 30-180 mg/kg SAZ 30 min before gamma irradiation (RT) with 4 Gy produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in the RT-induced percent aberrant metaphases and in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes at 24 h after exposure, with a corresponding decrease in the different types of aberrations. The optimum dose for protection without drug toxicity was 120 mg/kg b.wt. At this dose, SAZ produced >60% reduction in the RT-induced percent aberrant metaphases and micronucleated erythrocytes. SAZ also produced a significant increase in the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes from that of irradiated control. Injection of 120 mg/kg of the drug 60 or 30 min before or within 15 min after 4 Gy whole-body RT resulted in a significant decrease in the percent of aberrant metaphases and in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes at 24 h post-irradiation; the maximum effect was seen when the drug was administered 30 min before irradiation. These results show that SAZ protect mice against RT-induced chromosomal damage and cell cycle progression delay. SAZ also protected plasmid DNA (pGEM-7Zf) against Fenton's reactant-induced breaks, suggesting free radical scavenging as one of the possible mechanism for radiation protection.     

孤儿核受体Rev-erbα在小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化中的作用

背景:孤儿核受体Rev-erbα已被证明在骨代谢过程中发挥着重要作用,但其在调节骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中的具体机制尚不明确。目的:研究孤儿核受体Rev-erbα是否参与小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力的调节。方法:以全骨髓贴壁法进行小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养,构建携带Rev-erbα基因的慢病毒载体并转染至体外培养的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞,转染后48 h采用Real Time PCR法检测Rev-erbα基因水平的表达。实验分为3组:实验组骨髓间充质干细胞转染过表达Rev-erbα基因及EGFP基因的慢病毒载体,阳性对照组骨髓间充质干细胞转染含EGFP基因的空病毒载体,设立不含病毒原液的阴性对照组,分别进行成骨诱导并在第0,7,14天采用Real Time PCR法检测成骨分化相关指标碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白、骨钙素的表达变化。结果与结论:①携带Rev-erbα基因的慢病毒成功转染到骨髓间充质干细胞中并稳定表达;②随着成骨诱导时间延长,成骨相关指标碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白表达增加,但组间差异无显著性意义,骨钙素表达增加,但实验组明显低于阳性对照组和对照组(P<0.05);③结果表明,Rev-erbα转染后骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力降低,成骨晚期标志物骨钙素的表达受抑制,说明Rev-erbα在骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的晚期阶段有重要作用。     

The effect of deoxycoformycin on bone marrow cells treated with adenosine and deoxyadenosine and hemopoietic growth factors

Medium conditioned by pokeweed-mitogen-activated human spleen cells enhances the survival of human multipotent stem cells (CFU-mix), erythroid progenitors (BFU-E), and myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) in liquid culture. The effect of adenosine on bone marrow cell survival in liquid culture in the presence of 2'deoxycoformycin and pokeweed-mitogen spleen-conditioned medium was studied. The combination of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine was found to have opposite effects on T lymphocytes and hemopoietic progenitors, i.e., the latter were preserved whereas the growth of T lymphocytes was inhibited following prolonged (4-7 days) incubation in suspension culture. The combination of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine removed not only all antigenically detectable T cells, but also functionally detectable cells, as judged by response to mitogens. The results suggest that in vitro culture of bone marrow cells in the presence of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine might be considered as an alternative way for the removal of T lymphocytes for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.     

骨膜提取物诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为类成骨细胞

目的 应用骨膜提取物诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化为类成骨细胞,为骨组织_丁程提供充足的种子细胞.方法 切取小鼠颅骨骨膜提取物,诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞.诱导分化后的细胞采用ALP染色、RT-PCR、蛋白印迹技术进行检测.结果 形态学观察显示,分化后的MSCs细胞形态从长梭形变成三角形、多角形或立方形;ALP活性...     

Investigation of immunoglobulin-positive cells in mouse bone marrow

The number of immunoglobulin- (Ig-) positive lymphocytes and of their precursors in mouse bone marrow was investigated 6 and 36 h after treatment with hydroxyurea. The number of Ig-positive B-cells in bone marrow so treated was increased a little, whereas dividing and nondividing precursors of B-lymphocytes were virtually absent, with the exception of stem cells.Laboratory of Cytochemistry and Molecular Biology of Immunogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 10, pp. 460–462, October, 1978.     

反转录病毒载体转染小鼠骨髓细胞

背景：为方便、准确检测外源细胞在体内的存活情况,需在外源细胞转移标记基因。 目的：观察多种细胞因子联合刺激下反转录病毒载体对BALB/C×C57BL F1代小鼠骨髓细胞基因转移效率的影响。 方法：以PA317-GCGPXSN细胞制备病毒上清,NIH3T3细胞测定病毒滴度后,取经过干细胞因子、白细胞介素3、白细胞介素6预培养刺激后的BALB/C×C57BL F1代小鼠骨髓细胞,实验组实施基因转移,流式细胞仪及PCR方法测定基因转移效率。阴性对照组不做基因转移。阳性对照组为PA317-GCGPXSN细胞株。 结果与结论：①病毒滴度为1.9×10⁸ CFU/L。②对照组BALB/C×C57BL F1代小鼠骨髓细胞测定的荧光强度数值为0.63%,实验组为76.04%,两组相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。PCR方法扩增到了NeoR基因的特异性片断,结果证实细胞因子预刺激后实施基因转移,可有效地将外源基因转移进入BALB/C×C57BL F1代小鼠骨髓细胞基因组中。     

Bursal origin of bone marrow cells with competence for antibody formation

The impaired antibody response of neonatally bursectomized chickens was restored by bone marrow cells from normal—but not from bursectomized—syngeneic donors. Chimaerism of donor cells in the recipients was demonstrated using the sex chromosomal marker. Attempts to substitute autologous bursal cell suspensions for the bursa in situ were unsuccessful. It is concluded that B lymphocytes in chicken bone marrow have matured in the bursa.     

Effect of stimulation of antibody formation by bone marrow cells in vivo

If intact bone marrow is injected into mice at the peak of the secondary immune response, the number of antibody-forming cells in a regional lymph node is increased by 2.4 times. Preliminary injection of bone marrow into donors of cells of immune lymph nodes reduces the effect of stimulation of antibody formation during their subsequent combined culture with intact bone marrow cells. The results demonstrate interaction between cells at the level of mature antibody producers in vivo.Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 447–449, April, 1978.