64层CT冠状动脉成像技术和冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉疾病诊断的对照研究

目的比较64层计算机断层摄影扫描冠状动脉成像技术(64-slice computed tomography coronaryangiography,64-SCTCA)和冠状动脉造影(coronary artery angiography,CAG)在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析126例疑似冠心病的患者64-SCTCA和CAG检查资料,并对两组资料进行对比分析。结果 64-SCTCA和CAG检查结果中可用于评价的病变血管段支数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CAG共发现≥50%狭窄节段242个,64-SCTCA共发现≥50%狭窄节段199个,两种检查方法对病变狭窄的显示情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全部126例冠心病患者中有91%通过64-SCTCA发现(110/121)。64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变血管的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.6%、98.8%、79.5%、99%。结论 64-SCTCA可作为冠心病无创、便捷、可靠的检查方法。     

Non-invasive coronary angiography with 64-slice computed tomography

Multislice computed tomography is a rapidly emerging technique for the non-invasive visualization of coronary arteries. Over the past 5 years several scanner generation were introduced with a progressive improvement in the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of coronary artery stenosis in selected patients populations. The introduction of 64-slice technology has further improved the diagnostic performance. This technique is at the edge of clinical implementation and, even though large clinical trials are still missing, an increased demand for these type of studies is observed all over the world. We describe our experience of more than 1 year with 64-slice CT coronary angiography providing clues on reasonable clinical applications.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检测不稳定斑块的危险因素分析

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64SCTA)检测冠状动脉粥样斑块的价值,分析形成不稳定斑块的危险因素.方法 选择112例住院冠心病患者行64SCTA和导管法冠状动脉造影,均检测血清内皮素-1、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP).以冠状动脉造影为标准评价64SCTA检测冠状动脉斑块的作用;根据检测正确的粥样斑块CT值将患者分为软斑块组(51例)和非软斑块组(61例),比较两组各检测指标的差异,分析软斑块形成的危险因素. 结果 64SCTA检测冠状动脉斑块的灵敏度为87.4%,特异度为87.1%,阳性预测值82.2%,阴性预测值91.0%.软斑块组与非软斑块组比较,MMP-9、IL-6、hs-CRP、冠状动脉病变数及诊断、性别和糖尿病的构成比差异有统计学意义.Logistic回归分析显示,MMP-9>5.231 ng/L(P=0.0215,OR=2.33,95%CI 1.13～4.79)、hs-CRP>3.583 mg/L(P=0.0008,OR=4.32,95%CI 1.84～10.15)和不稳定心绞痛(P=0.0339,0R=4.33,95%CI 1.12～16.77)为软斑块形成的危险因素.结论 64SCTA检测冠状动脉斑块价值较高,是目前无创方法检测冠状动脉斑块最为可靠的手段之一.MMP-9、hs-CRP和不稳定心绞痛为不稳定斑块的独立危险因素.     

64层螺旋CT与冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64-slice spiral computed tomographic coronary angiography,64-SCTCA)对冠状动脉各节段狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法85例疑诊为冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)患者,先后行64-SCTCA和冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)检查,评价64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉各节段狭窄病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果①在CAG可清晰显影的744个节段中,64-SCTCA造影可清晰显示和评价的占639段(85.89%),另外105段(14.11%)显影不清。左主干和前降支可评价节段的比例显著高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉(P0.001),同一支血管中近段可评价的比例显著高于远段(P0.001);②64-SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性和阴性预测值分别为96.23%、90.63%、94.44%、93.55%、94.12%。按可评价节段计算,64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉各节段有意义狭窄病变总的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性和阴性预测值分别为89.06%、95.89%、84.44%、95.33%、94.32%;③按可评价节段计算,64-SCTCA对诊断左主干、左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉各节段病变的价值相似,但检测冠状动脉近中段病变的价值高于远段(χ2=4.66,P=0.03)。结论64-SCTCA对冠状动脉狭窄病变有较好的诊断价值,其检测左主干和左前降支病变的价值高于左回旋支和右冠状动脉,对冠状动脉近段病变的诊断价值高于远段,适合于冠心病的筛查。     

Assessment of coronary artery stent restenosis by 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography.

AIMS: We investigated the feasibility of assessing coronary artery stent restenosis using a new generation 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography-scanner (MDCT) in comparison to conventional quantitative angiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: MDCT was performed in 64 consecutive patients (mean age 58+/-10 years) with previously implanted coronary artery stents (102 stented lesions: mean stent diameter 3.17+/-0.38 mm). Each stent was classified as 'evaluable' or 'unevaluable', and in evaluable stents, the presence of in-stent restenosis (diameter reduction >50%) was determined visually. Results were verified against invasive, quantitative coronary angiography. Fifty-nine stented lesions (58%) were classified as evaluable in MDCT. The mean diameter of evaluable stents was 3.28+/-0.40 mm, whereas the mean diameter of non-evaluable stents was 3.03+/-0.31 mm (P=0.0002). Overall, six of 12 in-stent restenoses were correctly detected by MDCT [50% sensitivity (confidence interval 22-77%)] and in 51 of 90 lesions, in-stent restenosis was correctly ruled out [57% specificity (46-67%)]. In evaluable stents, six of seven in-stent restenoses were correctly detected, and the absence of in-stent stenosis was correctly identified in 51 of 52 cases [sensitivity 86% (42-99%) and specificity 98% (88-100%)]. CONCLUSION: Stent type and diameter influence evaluability concerning in-stent restenosis by MDCT. The rate of assessable stents is low, but in evaluable stents, accuracy for detection of in-stent restenosis can be high.     

Comparison of accuracy of 64-slice cardiovascular computed tomography with coronary angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular computed tomography (CVCT) with the recently released 64-slice technology increases spatial resolution and decreases acquisition times and slice thickness. We investigated the accuracy of 64-slice CVCT in relation to catheter angiography. We studied 66 sequential subjects who underwent 64-slice CVCT and catheter angiography within 30 days. Accuracy results were 94% for interpretable images, 95% for sensitivity, 96% for specificity, 97% for positive predictive value, and 92% for negative predictive value for lesions with >50% stenosis. We found 100% agreement between 64-slice CVCT and catheterization among vein graft evaluations (9 of 9). These metrics are vastly improved from the 16-slice generation and support 64-slice CVCT as a reliable diagnostic tool.     

Evaluation of constrictive pericarditis by 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography

A 71-year-old gentleman presented with a history of progressiveright-sided heart failure. On 64-slice multi-detector computedtomography (MDCT), the patient was found to have a markedlythickened     

Role of coronary CT angiography in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease are often asymptomatic, making appropriate care of such patients difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of coronary lesions in asymptomatic diabetic patients. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed in 120 consecutive diabetic patients (90 of whom were men, mean age 65, mean HbA1c 7.2%). Images from patients whose coronary artery calcium scores (CAC scores) were less than 400 were subjected to stenosis and plaque analysis. Significant stenosis was defined as coronary artery stenosis > 70%. High-risk plaque was defined as plaque having both a CT density < 30 Hounsfield Units (HU) and showing positive remodeling. Significant stenoses were identified in 30.5% of the patients. High-risk plaques were identified in 17.1% of the patients. Less than half of the high-risk plaques were obstructive plaques. There was a statistically significant association between significant stenosis and high-risk plaque by chi-square test (P = 0.022). We found significant stenosis even in patients whose CAC score = 0 at a rate of 5.0%. Using univariate logistic-regression analysis, we found that coronary risk factors associated with significant stenosis and high-risk plaque were dyslipidemia (P = 0.033) and current smoking (P = 0.030), respectively. We report for the first time, the prevalence of high-risk plaques in the arteries of patients with asymptomatic diabetes, as assessed by coronary CT angiography.     

Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography using 64-slice spiral computed tomography

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography using a new 64-slice scanner. BACKGROUND: The new 64-slice MSCT scanner has improved spatial resolution of 0.4 mm and a faster rotation time (330 ms) compared to prior MSCT scanners. METHODS: We studied 70 consecutive patients undergoing elective invasive coronary angiography. Patients were excluded for atrial fibrillation, but not for high heart rate, coronary calcification, or obesity. All vessels were analyzed, including those <1.5 mm in diameter; MSCT lesions were analyzed quantitatively as well as by a qualitative scale and compared to quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). Results were also analyzed for significant coronary stenoses (over 50% luminal narrowing) by segment, by artery, and by patient. RESULTS: All scans showed diagnostic image quality. Of 1,065 segments, 935 (88%) could be evaluated, and 773 of 935 (83%) could be assessed quantitatively by both MSCT and QCA. The Spearman correlation coefficient between MSCT and QCA was 0.76 (p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a mean difference in percent stenosis of 1.3 +/- 14.2%. A total of 26% of patients had calcium scores above 400 Agatston U, 25% had heart rates >70 beats/min, and 50% were obese. Specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values for the presence of significant stenoses were: by segment (n = 935), 86%, 95%, 66%, and 98%, respectively; by artery (n = 279), 91%, 92%, 80%, and 97%, respectively; by patient (n = 70), 95%, 90%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate high quantitative and qualitative diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MSCT in comparison to QCA in a broad spectrum of patients.     

320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的的对比研究（英文）

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病诊断的临床应用价值。方法：85例病人先后进行320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（SCTCA）和选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）。以CAG为诊断冠心病（CHD）的＂金标准＂,比较320排螺旋CT检出CHD的敏感度,特异度,阳性预测值,阴性预测值和准确度。结果：320排螺旋CT诊断CHD的敏感性,特异性,阳性预测值,阴性预测值,准确度分别是：95.65%（44/46）、74.36%（29/39）、81.48%（44/54）、93.55%（29/31）、85.9%（73/85）。结论：320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是一种简单易行、安全可靠的无创性检查,可作为冠心病的筛选及术后复查的方法。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病诊断的应用价值

目的 通过探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64-SCTCA)对冠心病诊断的应用价值以明确临床上适于该项检查的人群.方法 回顾性分析285例接受64-SCTCA检查、并于4周内接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的冠心病疑诊患者的临床资料.依照冠心病概率Duke模型,将受检者分为冠心病低危(n=80)、中危(n=92)和高危(n=113)3组,以CAG为"金标准",判断64-SCTCA诊断冠心病的准确性以及冠状动脉钙化、不同部位血管节段等因素对诊断准确性的影响.结果 64-SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确指\数分别为81.2%、93.3%、68.0%、96.6%和74.5%.冠心病概率Duke模型的低危组、中危组和高危组,其冠心病检出率分别为46.3%、72.8%和82.3%;64-SCTCA在低危组诊断冠心病的敏感性及阳性预测值明显低于中危组和高危组.对于冠状动脉Agatston钙化积分＞400分组,64-SCTCA诊断冠心病的敏感性(95.0%)明显高于0～100分组和101～400分组(77.4%和77.3%,P均＜0.05),特异性(82.2%)明显低于上述两组(94.0%和95.3%,P均＜0.05).其诊断远端血管病变的敏感性、阳性预测值均明显低于近、中段血管(P均＜0.05).结论 64-SCTCA主要适用于冠心病概率Duke模型临床分层的中危人群.其诊断准确性受冠状动脉钙化、病变部位、管腔直径等因素影响.     

Endothelial dysfunction in impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function is present in early stages of diabetes, such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Endothelial function was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilatation and nitrate-induced dilatation of the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound. Fasting serum lipid levels were determined, and glucose and insulin values in response to a 75-g oral glucose load were also measured. The results showed the following new findings: (1) compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance, those with IFG and IGT had impaired flow-mediated dilatation, more remarkable in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus than those with IFG and IGT, and (2) flow-mediated dilatation was inversely and strongly related to the extent of hyperglycemia. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction is present in subjects with IGT and IFG, indicating endothelial damage in these stages.     

肥胖与糖尿病、糖耐量异常的关系

我们选用 1996年～ 1997年甘肃省糖尿病流行病学调查的有关资料作为分析 ,研究体重指数 (BMI)和腰围 /臀围比值(WHR)分析肥胖与糖尿病 (DM)、糖耐量减低 (IGT)的关系。对象与方法1.研究对象 :全部资料来源于 1996年 1月～ 1997年 3月甘肃省 6个市、区 370 0人糖尿病流行病学调查结果。DM、IGT诊断采用 1985年 WHO诊断标准。本组患者基本上是 2型糖尿病。被调查的 370 0人中 ,男性 16 95人 ,女性 2 0 0 5人。男 :女 =0 .85 :1。其中 ,发现 DM 132人 ,占 3.5 7%。IGT 143人 ,占 3.86 %。2 .方法 :受试者均脱外衣、脱鞋 ,同一体重计…     

Detection and characterization of coronary bifurcation lesions with 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography.

AIMS: To compare the performance of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in the detection and classification (according to the Medina system) of bifurcation lesions (BLs). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 323 consecutive patients undergoing 64-slice CTCA prior to ICA. All coronary segments >or=2 mm in diameter were evaluated for the presence of a significant (>or=50% diameter reduction on quantitative coronary angiography) BL. Evaluation of BL by CTCA included the assessment of significant lumen obstruction in both main and side branch vessels. Forty-one out of 43 patients (46/48 lesions) with significant BL were identified by CTCA. Excluding coronary segments with non-diagnostic image quality (5%), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CTCA for detecting significant BL were 96, 99, and 85 and 99%, respectively. In 39 of these 41 patients, CTCA assessment was concordant with the Medina lesion classification on ICA. CONCLUSION: Sixty-four-slice CTCA allows accurate assessment of complex BL.     

Evaluation of coronary atheroma by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography: Comparison with intravascular ultrasound and angiography

BACKGROUND:

Recent improvements in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 64-slice scanners have allowed acquisition of a coronary study in 5 s to 6 s, with good temporal and spatial resolution. Previous studies have reported an underestimation of plaque burden by MDCT. Whether shorter scan times can allow correct assessment of plaque volume requires comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

METHODS:

Patients (n=30) scheduled for coronary angiography also underwent MDCT and IVUS examinations within 96 h. MDCT examination was performed with a 64-slice scanner. Nitroglycerin was administered before all imaging procedures. MDCT, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and IVUS analyses were performed by observers blinded to other results. Plaque volumes were determined by MDCT and IVUS in one vessel, and maximum percentage diameter stenosis was identified in each coronary segment by MDCT and QCA.

RESULTS:

The mean (± SD) plaque volume was determined to be 179.1±78.9 mm³ by MDCT and 176.1±87.9 mm³ by IVUS. There was a strong positive correlation for plaque volume between MDCT and IVUS (r=0.84, P<0.0001). Percentage diameter stenosis assessed by MDCT and QCA also correlated well (r=0.88 per patient and r=0.87 per vessel, P<0.0001 for both). The maximum percentage diameter stenosis per vessel was 38.1±30.2% with MDCT and 34.1±27.6% with QCA. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT in detecting stenoses above 50% per vessel were 100% and 91.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Plaque volumes measured by 64-slice MDCT and IVUS correlate well, without systematic underestimation. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT to detect stenoses greater than 50% by QCA are excellent with the administration of nitroglycerin before imaging.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像的前瞻性与回顾性心电门控比较

目的 比较前瞻性心电门控和回顾性心电门控64层CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量和成像质量,探讨低剂量前瞻性心电门控CT冠状动脉成像的可行性.方法 两组心率≤65次/min各100例患者分别进行前瞻性和回顾性心电门控扫描,并采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重组(CPR)及容积再现(VR)多种重组技术显示冠状动脉,图像质量根据运动伪影影响分为优、良、差,使用剂量长度计算各自的有效辐射剂量,并进行统计学分析.结果 前瞻性组平均辐射剂量为(2.81±0.48)mSv明显低于回顾性组的(10.16±1.09)mSv(P＜0.01);前瞻性组诊断性冠状动脉节段和非诊断性冠状动脉节段为95.2%(1165/1224)和4.8%(59/1224),与回顾性组的94.1%(1186/1261)和5.9%(75/1261)比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 对于心率稳定在65次/min以下的患者,前瞻性心电门控64层CT冠状动脉成像,能以较低的辐射剂量达到回顾性心电门控诊断质量的影像,是切实町行的方法.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉病变诊断中的临床研究

目的探讨和评价64排螺旋CT（MSCT）在冠心病诊断中的有效性。方法选取在3周内行64排MSCT和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查的临床可疑或确诊冠心病的患者（两项检查平均间隔时间9d）114例，其中男性62例，平均年龄65岁。将MSCT和CAG检查结果进行分析，管腔狭窄≥50％定义为明显狭窄。结果在114例患者中，CAG检出至少有1处明显狭窄的患者106例，其中单支病变占33％（38例），多支病变占60％（68例）。MSCT检出其中的104例（诊断准确度95％）。按节段分析，MSCT诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为87％、96％、86％、96％。以各冠状动脉分析，MSCT诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96％、94％、95％、96％。MSCT与CAG在发现冠状动脉明显狭窄上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论64排MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确度较高，作为一种冠心病诊断的无创筛查手段，有广泛的临床应用价值。     

Comparison of lymphomononuclear cell energy metabolism between healthy, impaired glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that affects many systems. The most important cells of the immune system are lymphomononuclear (LMN) cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the energy metabolism of LMN cells in patients with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. We measured LMN cell energy metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and healthy subjects. Cells were freshly isolated from peripheral blood and the subgroups were determined by flow cytometric method. Lactate production and glycogen utilization were significantly increased in the LMN cells of patients with type 2 DM and IGT when compared with healthy volunteers. No statistical difference was observed between the patients with type 2 DM and IGT. There was a significant correlation between fasting plasma glucose and lactate production in LMN cells. LMN cells changed their energy pathway in a diabetic state and preferred anaerobic glycolysis. Prediabetic range also affected energy metabolism in LMN cells. This abnormal energy production might cause dysfunction in LMN cells and the immune system in diabetic and prediabetic patients. In conclusion, we concluded that impaired glucose metabolism could change energy metabolism.