Grape seed extract treatment reduces hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

This study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE), a widely used antioxidant dietary supplement, on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Wistar albino rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia, followed by a 60 min reperfusion period. GSE was administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day orally for 15 days before I/R injury and repeated before the reperfusion period. Liver samples were taken for histological examination or determination of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined to assess liver functions. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta) were also assayed in serum samples for the evaluation of generalized tissue damage. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a significant decrease in hepatic GSH, and significant increases in MDA level, and MPO activity. Serum AST and ALT levels, as well as LDH activity and plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were also elevated in the I/R group. Treatment with GSE reversed all these biochemical parameters as well as histological alterations induced by I/R. In conclusion, GSE reduced I/R-induced organ injury through its ability to balance the oxidant-antioxidant status, to inhibit neutrophil infiltration and to regulate the release of inflammatory mediators.     

Effects of Grape Seed Polyphenols on Oxidative Damage in Liver Tissue of Acutely and Chronically Exercised Rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in liver tissue of acutely and chronically exercised rats. Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Control (C), Control Chronic Exercise (CE), Control Acute Exercise (AE), GSE‐supplemented Control (GC), GSE‐supplemented Chronic Exercise(GCE) and GSE‐supplemented Acute Exercise (GAE). Rats in the chronic exercise groups were subjected to a six‐week treadmill running and in the acute exercise groups performed an exhaustive running. Rats in the GSE supplemented groups received GSE (100 mg.kg^?1.day^?1) in drinking water for 6 weeks. Liver tissues of the rats were taken for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and total antioxidant activity (AOA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. MDA levels decreased with GSE supplementation in control groups but increased in acute and chronic exercise groups compared to their non‐supplemented control. NO levels increased with GSE supplementation. XO activities were higher in AE group compared to the CE group. AOA decreased with GSE supplementation. In conclusion, while acute exercise triggers oxidative stress, chronic exercise has protective role against oxidative stress. GSE has a limited antioxidant effect on exercise‐induced oxidative stress in liver tissue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of green tea on erythrocytes antioxidant status of different age rats intoxicated with ethanol

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of green tea on the erythrocyte antioxidant system of ethanol‐intoxicated rats, as well as its efficacy in the prevention of lipid peroxidation. Rats (2, 12 and 24 months old) were fed on a control or an ethanol Lieber‐DeCarli diet with and without green tea (7 g/L) for 5 weeks. Examination included the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of both non‐enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation marker in rat erythrocytes. It was shown that ageing was accompanied by changes in the antioxidant enzymes activity – increase in the SOD and CAT activity and decrease in GSSG‐R and GSH‐Px activity, as well as in the level of non‐enzymatic antioxidants – GSH, vitamin A and vitamin E. The increase in the level of lipid peroxidation marker – MDA – was also observed. Green tea consumption partially prevented lipid peroxidation process, especially in erythrocytes of 2‐ and 12‐month‐old rats. It was proved that ethanol administration caused a statistically significant decrease in the activity/level of the examined antioxidants in all age groups (the most significant in the case of 24‐month‐old rats) of rats, as well as an increase in the MDA level. However, ingestion of green tea by ethanol‐intoxicated rats partially prevented the decrease in activity/level of all examined antioxidant parameters, as well as protected lipids against peroxidation in all age groups of rats. Obtained results confirm the beneficial effect of green tea on erythrocyte antioxidant abilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Bauhinia racemosa stem bark on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant defense system induced by the methanol extract of Bauhinia racemosa L.(MEBR) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wister albino rats. The effects of MEBR on surface visible macroscopic (Morphometry) liver lesions (neoplastic nodules) and the levels of serum enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were evaluated in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. In rats treated, with NDEA, significantly elevated levels of serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), bilirubin and decreased levels of protein and uric acid were observed. Significantly elevated amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipidperoxidation, indicated higher levels of lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by significantly decreased levels of antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of MEBR was able to suppress nodule development/hepatocellular lesion formation in rats. The extract treatment increases in antioxidant levels and dramatic decreases in lipid peroxidation levels. MEBR also produced a protective effect by decreasing the level of serum enzymes, bilirubin and increased the protein and uric acid levels. The results suggest that MEBR exert chemopreventive effects by suppressing nodule development and decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of antioxidants in NDEA carcinogenesis by reducing the formation of free radicals.     

Antioxidant property of Rubia cordifolia extract and its comparison with vitamin E and parabenzoquinone

This report investigates the antioxidant properties of R. cordifolia extract for protection against lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in rat liver homogenate compared with vitamin E and parabenzoquinone (PBQ). R. cordifolia protects against depletion of glutathione in a dose and time dependent manner, an inverse correlation was observed between reduced glutathione depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Interestingly, parabenzoquinone showed a better response than R. cordifolia on cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) induced malon-dialdehyde (MDA) release but there was no response in the rate of reduced glutathione (GHS) depletion. Thus it appears that R. cordifolia is a potent antiperoxidative and antioxidant. The mechanism of action is different to that of vitamin E and parabenzoquinone (PBQ).     

Effect of crocin on aged rat kidney through inhibition of oxidative stress and proinflammatory state

This study evaluated whether crocin, a bioactive component of saffron, has a protective effect on kidney through reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in aged rats. In this study the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels and the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the serum and renal tissue were evaluated by ELISA and RT‐PCR, respectively. The middle and aged rats were given intraperitoneal injections of crocin (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether. The kidney samples were taken for biochemical analysis. The results revealed the aging was associated with a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and GSH content with increase in lipid peroxidation level in kidney of the aged rats (p < 0.001). The increased levels of serum renal functional parameter, oxidative parameters (p < 0.01) and also pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly reduced by crocin administration (p < 0.05). The aged rats exhibited a dysregulation of the oxidative stress, and inflammation in the kidneys, but crocin treatment significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory genes. These results provide pivotal documentation that crocin has a renoprotective effects against the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney of old rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oleanolic acid prevents glucocorticoid-induced hypertension in rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid isolated from Viscum articulatum, Burm. (Loranthaceae) in glucocorticoid (dexamethasone)‐induced hypertension in rats and to propose a probable mechanism of action for this effect. Male Wistar rats (300–350 g) received dexamethasone (20 μg/kg/day s.c.) or saline (vehicle) for 10 days. In a prevention study, the rats received oleanolic acid (60 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days, followed by dexamethasone or saline for 10 days. During this period the systolic blood pressure and body weight were evaluated on alternate days. At the end of the experiment, the weight of the thymus gland, plasma nitrate/nitrite (nitric oxide metabolites) concentration and cardiac lipid peroxidation value were determined. Oleanolic acid (60 mg/kg i.p.) significantly prevented a rise in the systolic blood pressure and cardiac lipid peroxidation level after administration of dexamethasone (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) without showing any significant effect on the dexamethasone‐induced change in body and thymus weights. The decrease in concentration of plasma nitrate/nitrite due to dexamethasone was prevented significantly in the group treated with oleanolic acid (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that oleanolic acid (60 mg/kg i.p.) prevents dexamethasone‐induced hypertension in rats, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and nitric oxide releasing action. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Grape seed extract Vitis vinifera protects against radiation‐induced oxidative damage and metabolic disorders in rats

Whole body exposure to ionizing radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues provoking oxidative damage, organ dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE), rich in proanthocyanidins against γ‐radiation‐induced oxidative stress in heart and pancreas tissues associated with serum metabolic disturbances. Irradiated rats were whole body exposed to 5 Gy γ‐radiation. GSE‐treated irradiated rats received 100 mg GSE/kg/day, by gavage, for 14 days before irradiation. The animals were killed on days 1, 14 and 28 after irradiation. Significant decreases of SOD, CAT and GSH‐Px activities associated with significant increases of TBARS levels were recorded in both tissues after irradiation. GSE administration pre‐irradiation significantly attenuated the radiation‐induced oxidative stress in heart tissues which was substantiated by a significant amelioration of serum LDH, CPK and AST activities. GSE treatment also attenuated the oxidative stress in pancreas tissues which was associated with a significant improvement in radiation‐induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that GSE would protect the heart and pancreas tissues from oxidative damage induced by ionizing irradiation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antihepatotoxic biochemical effects of kolaviron,a biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seeds

Male rats (200–220 g) were treated with toxic doses of carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg per day i.p., for 3 days) to induce liver damage. Another group of rats received kolaviron, a biflavonoid extract from seeds of Garcinia kola (500 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to receiving carbon tetrachloride. Tests for liver function were performed on all animals. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetatetransaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH) in serum were determined, as were the concentrations of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and triglyceride in liver. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride induced marked depletion of GSH and increased the formation of MDA and triglyceride in the liver, as well as causing significant increases in activities of the serum enzymes assessed. Pretreatment with kolaviron significantly attentuated all the alterations caused by carbon tetrachloride. The antihepatotoxic action of kolaviron was clearly demonstrated in the model of hepatitis employed in this study.     

人参皂甙和维生素E防护牛视网膜色素上皮细胞脂质过氧化作用的实验研究

目的：探讨人参皂甙Ｒｂ１、Ｒｇ１及维生素Ｅ对氧化损伤后的牛视网膜色素上皮（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ,ＲＰＥ）细胞的抗氧化作用。方法：建立牛ＲＰＥ细胞氧化损伤的模型,并分为正常对照组（１ｍｌＤＭＥＭ培养液）,次黄嘌呤（ｈｙｐｏｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅ,ＨＸ）／黄嘌呤氧化酶（ｘａｎｔｈｉｎｅｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＸＯ）损伤组（ＨＸ／ＸＯ组）,Ｒｂ１组,Ｒｇ１组和维生素Ｅ组。利用硫代巴比妥酸比色法,检测各组ＲＰＥ细胞培养上清液中脂质过氧化（ｌｉｐｉｄｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ,ＬＰＯ）产物丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉ－ａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）含量。结果：ＨＸ／ＸＯ组ＭＤＡ与正常对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｒｂ１、Ｒｇ１和维生素Ｅ组中两种药物浓度均能有效地降低ＭＤＡ的生成（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：人参皂甙和维生素Ｅ对ＲＰＥ细胞ＬＰＯ产物ＭＤＡ增多具有抑制作用     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Pycnogenol® in acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Pycnogenol® (PYC) has already being used as a food supplement and herbal medicine due to its potent antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect of PYC on acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury in rats. The effect of PYC on acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined by determining biochemical parameters, in vitro antioxidant activity, histological assessment, and oxidative status in liver homogenates. The best antioxidant properties were demonstrated in methanolic extracts. Seven‐day pretreatment with PYC suppressed elevation of CYP2E1 protein expression induced by administration of toxic dose of acetaminophen. PYC at 50 mg/kg showed the ability to significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with the group received acetaminophen. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) enzyme activity was significantly elevated in acetaminophen‐treated group compared with control, whereas concomitant administration of PYC in a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced activity of this enzyme. Significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) hepatic content in acetaminophen‐intoxicated rats compared with the control rats was improved by concomitant administration of PYC at 50 mg/kg. Protective effect of PYC on acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury in rats has showed the best in vitro antioxidant potential expressed in methanolic extract and consequent histological assessment and oxidative status in liver homogenates.     

脑泰方对脑出血大鼠脑组织铁沉积致神经细胞过氧化损伤的影响

目的观察脑泰方对大鼠脑出血后脑组织铁沉积致神经细胞过氧化损伤的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法采用自体血注射法构建SD大鼠脑出血模型,随机分为模型组、脑泰方组、阳性对照组、假手术组,各组均于给药7、14、28 d取材;HE染色观察脑组织病理变化,采用Zea Longa 5级评分法进行神经功能缺失评分,免疫组化检测病灶脑组织铁沉积量、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,免疫荧光技术检测转铁蛋白(Tf)、转铁蛋白受体(TfR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX-4)的表达。结果与假手术组同一时点比较,模型组大鼠脑组织TfR和Tf表达上调,GPX-4表达下调,GSH含量下降,铁沉积量和MDA含量升高,神经功能缺失评分升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);MDA含量与铁含量呈正相关,GSH含量及GPX-4水平与铁含量呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,脑泰方组和阳性对照组大鼠脑组织TfR、Tf表达下调,GPX-4表达上调,GSH含量升高,铁沉积量、MDA含量降低,神经功能缺失评分降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,脑泰方组对大鼠脑组织MDA、GSH含量调节作用更强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑泰方可抑制模型大鼠脑组织铁输入蛋白的表达,减轻神经细胞铁超载,增强细胞抗氧化能力而发挥神经保护作用。     

异丹叶大黄素的体外抗氧化作用

 目的 异丹叶大黄素(isorhapontigenin, ISOR)是从中药射干中提取的化学成分,是与白藜芦醇化学结构相似的芪衍生物。通过多种模型研究ISOR的体外抗氧化作用。方法 采用Fe²⁺-半胱氨酸（Cys）、VitC-ADP-Fe²⁺和H₂O₂等自由基发生系统诱发大鼠肝微粒体、脑线粒体及突触体的氧化损伤,观察ISOR对此过程中MDA生成、GSH降低及超微弱化学发光增强的影响,并观察ISOR对用CuSO₄-Phen-VitC-H₂O₂系统损伤DNA后8-OH-dG的特征性超微弱化学发光增强影响。结果 ISOR能显著抑制Fe²⁺-Cys诱导的大鼠肝微粒体、脑线粒体及突触体膜氧化损伤过程中MDA的生成,并能显著抑制H₂O₂ 诱导的脑线粒体及突触体GSH的降低;显著抑制VitC-ADP-Fe²⁺系统引起的微粒体膜氧化损伤时超微弱化学发光增强,并能显著降低DNA受氧化损伤后微弱化学发光的强度。经典抗氧化剂VitE 10^-4mol·L^-1抑制MDA生成及GSH降低的作用仅相当于ISOR10^-5或10^-6 mol·L^-1的效果。结论 ISOR具有较强的抗氧化作用,且其活性明显强于经典抗氧化剂VitE。     

Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats

Azathioprine (Aza) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of autoimmune system disorders. It induces hepatotoxicity and hazard effects that restrict its use. The effects of administration of grape seed extract and folic acid on Aza toxicity by gavage (simultaneously) daily for 4 weeks were studied by determining the changes in some hematological parameters and liver histology. The glutathione level (GSH) and lipid peroxidation content as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue were measured. The repeated intake of Aza (25 mg/kg body weight) induced anemia characterized by decreased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and reticulocyte and hematocrit percentages, while the prothrombin time was significantly increased. Moreover, Aza caused a significant decrease in phagocytic activity and lymphocyte percentage. Aza induced hepatic damage as indicated by pronounced changes in the histological structure, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and MDA content in the liver tissue. Meanwhile, the GSH activity was significantly decreased. Co‐treatment with grape seed extract and Aza minimized the previously mentioned hazard effects of Aza and significantly protected the hepatic tissue by ameliorating the antioxidant activity. Folic acid administration, simultaneously, with Aza only improved the anemia. It may be concluded that grape seed extract is a useful herbal remedy, especially for controlling oxidative damages and is considered as a potent protective agent against Aza hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脂糖舒对2型糖尿病大鼠血液MDA和自由基清除剂的影响

目的　观察脂糖舒 (ZTS)对 2型糖尿病 (NIDDM)大鼠血液MDA和自由基清除剂的影响。方法　采用小剂量链脲霉素腹腔注射辅以高热量饲料喂养制备NIDDM大鼠模型。分别用二甲双胍、格列齐特和不同剂量的脂糖舒灌胃 9周 ,并取健康大鼠作正常对照 ,测量血糖、血脂和血胰岛素等指标的含量 ,测定红细胞及血浆中丙二醛 (MDA)和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -PX)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性。结果　NIDDM大鼠红细胞和血浆中的MDA含量显著高于正常组 ,而GSH含量及SOD ,GSH -PX和CAT活性显著低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1)。而脂糖舒、二甲双胍和格列齐特均能显著降低MDA含量 ,升高GSH含量及SOD ,GSH -PX和CAT活性 ;但高剂量脂糖舒 (2 g/kg)升高血浆SOD作用优于格列齐特 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与二甲双胍相当 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;小剂量脂糖舒对各指标的影响与格列齐特和二甲双胍无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;脂糖舒高低剂量组间GSH升高呈量效关系 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　脂糖舒有明显的降低MDA和抗自由基作用     

Antioxidant effect of beta-carotene on hypoxia induced oxidative stress in male albino rats.

Hypoxia is known to induce oxidative stress in organisms leading to tissue injury. In the present study beta-carotene (BC) given at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) in reducing the oxidative stress induced by hypoxia was evaluated on male albino rats. Hypoxia exposure caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and tissues, a concurrent decrease in blood glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), plasma protein and plasma BC content. Hemoglobin concentration, Red blood corpuscles (RBC) and White blood corpuscles (WBC) count were also increased under hypoxia. BC supplementation reversed the trend, inducing a significant decrease (P<0.05) in MDA and subsequent increase in plasma and tissue GSH levels in animals exposed to hypoxia. Blood GPx and plasma protein also increased significantly in BC supplemented animals. BC supplementation did not alter the changes in Hb concentration, RBC and WBC count. BC has potent antioxidant activities in reducing the oxidative stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia.     

Neuroprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease

Ethnopharmacological relevance

While the Hibiscus asper Hook.f. (Malvaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in tropical region of the Africa as vegetable, potent sedative, tonic and restorative, anti-inflammatory and antidepressive drug, there is very little scientific data concerning the efficacy of this.

Materials and methods

The antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves (50 and 100 mg/kg) were assessed using superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) specific activities, total glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level (lipid peroxidation) and DNA fragmentation assays in male Wistar rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesion.

Results

In 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves showed potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities. Chronic administration of the methanolic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p., daily, for 7 days) significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPX and CAT), total GSH content and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in rat temporal lobe homogenates, suggesting antioxidant activity. Also, DNA cleavage patterns were absent in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats treated with methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves, suggesting antiapoptotic activity.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results suggest that the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves possesses neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity through antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in Parkinson's disease model.     

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial infarction in rats

The present study was conducted to elucidate the antioxidant role of garlic oil in isoproterenol (IPL)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In myocardial necrosis induced by isoproterenol, a significant increase in serum iron content with a significant decrease in plasma iron binding capacity, ceruloplasmin activity and glutathione (GSH) level were observed. There was also a significant increase in lipid peroxides levels on isoproterenol administration. Activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRD) were decreased significantly in heart with isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis. Garlic oil produced a marked reversal of these metabolic changes related to myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol. In conclusion, garlic oil exerts its effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme systems.     

樱桃花青素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠自由基和炎症因子的影响

目的:观察樱桃花青素对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠自由基和抗氧化功能以及炎症因子的影响.方法:将50只SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组即正常组、模型组、樱桃花青素高、中、低剂量组.对足爪肿胀进行测量,在光镜下观察各组组织形态学变化,用比色法检测了动物外周全血的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、血清超氧化物酶(SOD)活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC).用ELISA检测血清中TNF-α含量,用放射免疫法检测了足爪PGE2含量.结果:模型组和正常组相比GSH-PX,SOD活性和T-AOC能力下降,血清MDA含量升高,血清中TNF-α和足爪PGE2含量升高.樱桃花青素组能升高GSH-PX,SOD和T-AOC活力,降低血清MDA,TNF-α以及足爪PGE2含量.光镜下组织形态观察表明樱桃花青素各组能不同程度减轻滑膜增生,减少炎细胞浸润.结论:樱桃花青素能增强AA抗氧化能力,并能降低炎症细胞因子PGE2和TNF-α,从而减轻AA模型的关节炎损伤.     

人参皂苷Rb1对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠急性心肌缺血影响的作用机制

目的:研究人参皂苷Rb1对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)致大鼠急性心肌缺血的影响。方法:75只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,葛根素组(10 mg·kg~(-1)),Rb_1低,高剂量组(10,20 mg·kg~(-1)),每组15只。正常组、模型组分别给予等量的生理盐水,各组均ip给药0.01 m L·g~(-1)体重。连续给药5 d,每天1次。开始给药后的第4天和第5天,除正常组外,其余各组连续2次皮下多点注射给予ISO 30 mg·kg~(-1),正常组给予等量生理盐水,给药体积均为0.01 m L·g~(-1)。观察人参皂苷Rb_1对大鼠心电图的影响,激光散斑检测心脏表面微循环,ELISA检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK),谷胱甘肽合成酶(GSH),一氧化氮(NO),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠心率明显升高,抗心电图ST段明显降低,心脏表面血流微循环明显降低,血清中LDH,CK的活性及MDA的含量明显升高,血清中SOD的活性及GSH,NO的含量明显降低(P0.01,P0.05);与模型组比较,人参皂苷素Rb_1能有效降低心率,对抗心电图ST段升高,同时能显著增强心脏表面血流微循环,显著降低血清中LDH,CK的活性及MDA的含量,升高血清中SOD的活性及GSH,NO的含量(P0.01,P0.05),同时减轻心肌损伤的程度。结论:人参皂苷素Rb_1对ISO所致大鼠急性心肌缺血有一定的保护作用,其可能与抗脂质过氧化,修复损伤有关。