左心耳排空速度预测阵发性心房颤动患者导管消融术后窦性节律的维持

目的 评估阵发性心房颤动（PAF）患者导管消融的疗效,并探讨术后窦性节律维持的影响因素。 方法 行经皮导管消融治疗PAF患者255例,以术后1年时随访结果分为窦性节律维持组和晚期复发组。对两组患者临床特征、经胸超声心动图（TTE）和经食管超声心动图（TEE）检查结果比较分析,筛选维持窦性节律的影响因素并以ROC曲线评价其预测效力。 结果 随访1年时188例（74%）维持窦性节律,67例（26%）晚期复发。与晚期复发组比较,窦性节律维持组患者左室射血分数（LVEF）[（58±4）% vs (57 ±5)%,P<0.05）]和左心耳排空速度[(56±11)cm/s vs (42±13)cm/s,P<0.01]更高,而高血压病（43% vs 58%,P<0.05）、早期复发（27% vs 48%,P<0.01）、电复律（2% vs 18%,P<0.01）、左房内径（LAD）[（41±4）mm vs (44±4)mm,P<0.01]、左心耳口径[（15.6±2.1）mm vs (16.4±2.6)mm,P<0.05）]、左心耳深度[（23±3）mm vs (24±3)mm,P<0.05]均更低。多因素logistic回归分析显示左心耳排空速度（OR=1.116,95%CI 1.077~1.157,P<0.01）、LAD（OR=0.871,95%CI 0.766~0.990,P<0.05）和电复律（OR=0.148,95%CI 0.032~0.685,P<0.05）是PAF患者导管消融术后窦性节律维持的独立影响因素。ROC曲线以左心耳排空速度（AUC 0.816,95%CI 0.75~0.87,P<0.01）47.5 cm/s为截断点预测窦性节律维持的灵敏度为76%,特异度为73%。 结论 左心耳排空速度是PAF患者导管消融术后维持窦性节律强有力的影响因素,可作为预测消融结果的简便指标。     

Predictive value of HMGB1 for atrial fibrillation recurrence after cryoballoon ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients

BackgroundCryoballoon ablation (CBA) is recommended for patients with symptomatic drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF). However, substantial atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence is common during follow‐up. Searching for a potential biomarker representing both myocardial injury and inflammation to identify patients at high risk of AF recurrence after CBA is very meaningful for postoperative management of AF patients.HypothesisTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein released from the left atrium to predict AF recurrence in pAF patients after CBA at 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsWe included 72 pAF patients who underwent CBA. To determine the expression levels of HMGB1, left atrial blood samples were collected from the patients before CBA and after the procedure through the transseptal sheath. Patients were followed up for AF recurrence for 1 year.ResultsA total of 19 patients of the 72 experienced AF recurrence. The level of postoperative HMGB1 (HMGB1post) was higher in the AF recurrence group than in the AF non recurrence group (p = .03). However, no differences were noted in the levels of other biomarkers such as preoperative high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), postoperativehs‐CRP, and preoperative HMGB1 between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of serum HMGB1post was associated with AF recurrence (odds ratio: 5.29 [1.17–23.92], p = .04). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that HMGB1post had a moderate predictive power for AF recurrence (area under the curve: 0.68; sensitivity: 72%; and specificity: 68%). The 1‐year AF‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high HMGB1post level than in those with a low HMGB1post level (hazard ratio: 3.81 [1.49–9.75], p = .005).ConclusionIn pAF patients who under went CBA, the level of HMGB1 after CBA was associated with AF recurrence and demonstrated a moderate predictive power. Thus, we offer a potential biomarker to identify pAF patients at high risk of AF recurrence.     

P波最大及最小时限对阵发性心房颤动的预测价值

目的探讨P波最大时限(Pmax)与最小时限(Pmin)对阵发性房颤的预测价值。方法回顾性地收集2008年1月至10月行12导联动态心电图监测的心内科住院患者90例,其中阵发性房颤32例,非房颤58例,比较两组的Pmax,Pmin及临床特点。结果阵发性房颤组Pmax较非房颤组明显增大〔(114±15)vs(104±11),P0.01〕,两组Pmin差异没有统计学意义〔(55±9)vs(58±11)ms,P=0.08〕,24 h平均心率增快〔(89±25)vs(74±15)次/min,P0.01〕;经校正其他临床因素后显示,Pmax增大及快心室率是心血管病住院患者发生阵发性房颤的独立相关因素。结论 12导联动态心电图Pmax增大及快心室率是预测心血管病住院患者发生阵发性房颤的较好指标。     

Predictive value of induction of atrial flutter or fibrillation in paroxysmal junctional tachycardia

The association of different types of tachycardia in a given patient is a well-known phenomenon and the development of ablative methods rises hopes that treatment of one of them may suppress the others. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of induction of atrial flutter or fibrillation (AF) during electrophysiological investigation of patients investigated for paroxysmal junctional tachycardia. The initial population of 500 patients was limited to 485 patients, aged 12 to 86, with a normal intercritical ECG and without a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, who underwent electrophysiological investigation for junctional tachycardias since 1978 and in whom the tachycardia could be reproduced. The study was performed by the endocavitary approach in 262 cases and by the transoesophageal approach in 213 cases with a similar protocol, programmed atrial stimulation with 1 and 2 extrastimuli under basal conditions, eventually completed by the repetition of the protocol with low doses of isoproterenol. The electrophysiological study showed that the tachycardia involved a latent bundle of Kent in 103 cases, a double nodal pathway in 343 cases or another circuit in 39 cases. During this study, sustained AF was induced in 66 cases (13.5%) with a similar incidence in Kent bundles (14.5%), intranodal reentry (11%) and other forms of reentry (11%). During follow-up, ranging from 6 months to 10 years, 7 patients with induced AF and 9 without inducible tachycardia, developed permanent AF. The occurrence of the arrhythmia was significantly correlated with the mechanism of reentry (latent Kent 8/103 cases, intranodal reentry 8/343 cases, p < 0.05), and with the induction of the same arrhythmia by oesophageal investigation alone (p < 0.001). The initiation of the arrhythmia by endocavitary stimulation did not seem to have any positive predictive value. In conclusion, the induction of atrial flutter or fibrillation during investigation of a subject with paroxysmal junctional tachycardia without a patent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, does not seem to be predictive of future development of atrial flutter or fibrillation, unless the investigation was undertaken by the oesophageal approach.     

二维斑点追踪应变率成像技术评价阵发性孤立心房颤动患者左心房功能

目的:应用斑点追踪应变率成像技术评价阵发性孤立心房颤动(lone atrial fibriuation,LAF)患者心动周期中不同时相的左心房功能。方法:对入选的40例阵发性LAF患者(病例组)和23例正常人(对照组)进行超声心动图检查,运用传统超声测量左心房前后径(LAD),舒张早期二尖瓣瓣口峰值血流速度E峰,舒张晚期二尖瓣瓣口峰值血流速度A峰;肺静脉收缩期峰值流速S峰,肺静脉舒张期峰值流速D峰,心房收缩期肺静脉反向血流峰值流速Ar峰,二尖瓣环房间隔侧的多普勒组织运动速度。运用二维应变率成像(2D-SRI)技术获取左心房长轴方向整体应变率曲线,分别测量左心室收缩期左心房峰值应变率(SRs)、左心室舒张早期左心房峰值应变率(SRe)和左心室舒张晚期左心房峰值应变率(SRa)。结果:与对照组比较,病例组左心房前后径(LAD)增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二尖瓣瓣口的血流速度增高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肺静脉的血流速度增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),二尖瓣环房间隔侧的多普勒组织运动速度增大,差别没有统计学意义(P>0.05);左心房整体长轴方向心动周期中不同时相的应变率值减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阵发性LAF患者心动周期中不同时相左心房长轴方向整体应变率均减低,左心房的存储、传导及收缩功能均受损;二维斑点追踪应变率成像技术可以定量评价左心房的时相功能。     

Predictive value of normal left atrial volume in stress echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate whether normal left atrial volume index (LAVI) is a predictor of a normal stress echocardiogram and thus a predictor of low ischemic risk. BACKGROUND: Left atrial enlargement is closely related to the chronicity and intensity of the burden of increased ventricular filling pressure. Typically ischemic heart disease (IHD) has a long period of subclinical dysfunction. Increased filling pressure, reflected by enlarged LAVI, is hypothesized to mirror the burden of subclinical and overt IHD. We hypothesized that a normal LAVI might also be useful in predicting low IHD risk. METHODS: One hundred eighty randomly selected patients (mean age, 63 +/- 15 years; 53% men) underwent outpatient exercise or dobutamine stress echocardiography for known or suspected coronary artery disease. Left atrial volume index was measured retrospectively with the biplane area-length method. The stress echocardiogram was interpreted as abnormal if wall motion abnormalities (WMAs) were noted at rest and/or with stress. RESULTS: Left atrial volume index was categorized as < or =28 ml/m2 (normal), 28.1 to 32 ml/m2, 32.1 to 36 ml/m2, and >36 ml/m2. Abnormal stress echocardiography was identified in 57 patients (31.7%). The percentage of abnormal stress echocardiograms in each LAVI category was 5.7%, 21.9%, 38.7%, and 54.7%, respectively. The negative predictive value for LAVI < or =28 ml/m2 was 94.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Normal resting LAVI (< or =28 ml/m2) was strongly predictive of a normal stress echocardiogram. Left atrial volume index might be a simple means of identifying patients with low ischemic risk and should be further evaluated as a complement to the assessment of ischemic risk.     

高血压并发阵发性心房颤动与左房容积指数和血清NT-proBNP的相关性

目的:探讨左房容积指数(LAVI)和血清N端B型利钠多肽(Nt-proBNP)与高血压并发阵发性心房颤动患者的相关性.方法:选择高血压患者68例,根据是否并发心房颤动分为A、B组:A组35例,B组33例,检查2组患者的超声心动图、Nt-proBNP水平并进行比较,并行相关性、敏感度和特异度分析.结果:A组与B组比较,LAVI、Nt-proBNP水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组的LAVI与NT-proBNP水平呈正相关(P＜0.05);LAVI>29 ml/m2+NT-proBNP>143.5 μg/L的敏感性、特异性的阳性值最高.结论:LAVI与NT-proBNP联合评价对高血压并发阵发性心房颤动有预测价值.     

DR-FLASH评分联合左房心外膜脂肪对非瓣膜性房颤左房低电压的预测价值

目的 探讨DR-FLASH评分和左房心外膜脂肪（Left Atrium Epicardial Adipose Tissue,LA-EAT）体积的相关性及二者联合预测非瓣膜性房颤左房低电压区域（Low Voltage Zone,LVZ）的价值。方法 连续纳入2019年9月至2021年4月首次接受导管射频消融治疗的246例非瓣膜性房颤患者,所有患者均接受肺静脉CTA扫描测量LA-EAT体积。根据患者入院情况计算DR-FLASH评分。在术中窦性心律下,进行左房高密度电压标测,根据有无低电压（双极电压<0.5mV）将患者分为LVZ组和无LVZ组。 结果 最终纳入246名患者平均年龄为60.8±10.6岁,其中 56例(22.8%)患者出现至少1个LVZ。相关性分析显示DR-FLASH评分与LA-EAT体积呈正相关(r=0.439,P<0.001)。采用多因素分析显示DR-FLASH评分(OR=1.824,95%CI:1.390-2.394;P<0.001)和LA-EAT体积（OR=1.048,95% CI：1.013-1.085;P=0.007）是左房LVZ的独立危险因素。结合ROC曲线,LA-EAT体积、DR-FLASH评分、LA-EAT与DR-FLASH评分的受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.712、0.750、0.796。 结论 DR-FLASH评分与LA-EAT体积呈正相关,DR-FLASH评分、LA-EAT是非瓣膜性房颤左房LVZ的独立预测因子。二者联合可提高对非瓣膜性房颤左房LVZ的发生预测价值。     

P波间期与阵发性房颤首次射频消融术后复发的关系

目的 评价P波间期对阵发性房颤射频消融术后复发的影响.方法 100例药物治疗无效的症状性阵发性房颤患者,在Ensite Velocity三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉前庭线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.结果 术中肺静脉隔离率100％.术后随访（14.0±5.5）个月,其中72例成功维持窦性心律（窦律维持组）,28例复发（复发组）.复发组最大P波间期及P波离散度均较窦律维持组明显延长[最大P波间期：（138±16）mm比（126±14）mm,P波离散度：（58±21）mm比（49±15）mm],两组差异有统计学意义.结论 阵发性房颤射频消融术前标准体表12导联心电图（ECG）所测的最大P波间期及P波离散度可预测术后复发.     

Predictive value of total atrial conduction time measured with tissue Doppler imaging for postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery

Objective

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) complicating coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) increases morbidity and stroke risk. Total atrial conduction time (PA-TDI duration) has been identified as an independent predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to assess whether PA-TDI duration is a predictor of AF after CABG.

Methods

In 128 patients who had undergone CABG, preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data were compared between patients with and without POAF. The PA-TDI duration was assessed by measuring the time interval between the beginning of the P wave on the surface ECG and point of the peak A wave on TDI from left atrium (LA) lateral wall just over the mitral annulus.

Results

Patients with POAF (38/128, 29.6 %) were older (68.1?±?11.1 vs. 59.3?±?10.2 years; p?<?0.001), had higher LA maximum volume, had prolonged PA-TDI duration, and had lower ejection fraction compared with patients without POAF. PA-TDI duration was found to be significantly increased in POAF group (134.3?±?19.7 vs. 112.5?±?17.7 ms; p?=?0.01). On multivariate analysis, age (95 % CI?=?1.03–1.09; p?=?0.003), LA maximum volume (95 % CI?=?1.01–1.06; p?=?0.03), and prolonged PA-TDI duration (95 % CI, 1.02–1.05; p?=?0.001) were found to be the independent risk factors of POAF.

Conclusions

In this study, LA maximum volume and PA-TDI duration were found to be the independent predictors of the development of POAF after CABG. Echocardiographic predictors of left atrial electromechanical dysfunction may be useful in risk stratifying of patients in terms of POAF development after CABG.     

Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation improves cardiac function: a prospective study on the impact of atrial fibrillation ablation on left ventricular function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

Aims: Beneficial effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation havebeen demonstrated in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF) and significantly impaired left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF). However, the impact of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)on cardiac function in patients with paroxysmal AF and impairedLVEF remains under discussion. This study aimed to evaluatethe impact of PVI for paroxysmal AF on cardiac function in patientswith impaired LVEF using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMRI). Methods and results: A total number of 70 patients with paroxysmal AF and episodes24 h were scanned on a 1.5-T-CMRI before and 6 months afterPVI during sinus rhythm. End-diastolic volume, end-systolicvolume, and LVEF were determined by epicardial and endocardialmeasurements. Patients were categorized into two groups regardingcardiac function as assessed by CMRI: group 1 patients (n =18) with an LVEF < 50% and patients with an LVEF > 50%(group 2, n = 52). Group 1 patients demonstrated a significantlower success rate than patients of group 2 after a follow-upof 152 ± 40 days (50 vs. 73%, P < 0.05). Cardiac magneticresonance imaging in group 1 patients demonstrated a significantimprovement in cardiac function after AF ablation (41 ±6 vs. 51 ± 12%, P = 0.004), whereas group 2 patientsdid not show significant differences (60 ± 6 vs. 59 ±9%, P = 0.22) after a 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: Pulmonary vein isolation improves cardiac function in patientswith paroxysmal AF and impaired LVEF. These data suggest thatan impaired LV function can be partially attributed to AF withshort-lasting paroxysms.     

应变/应变率成像定量评价高血压病合并阵发性心房颤动患者左心房功能的临床研究

目的 运用应变／应变率成像技术评价高血压病合并心房颤动（房颤）时心房肌的收缩舒张特性，探讨高血压病和房性心律失常特别是阵发性房颤对心房肌收缩舒张特性的影响。方法 32例健康志愿者和110例高血压病患者被纳入研究，分为4组：对照组（A组），单纯高血压病组（B组），高血压病合并短阵房性心动过速组（C组），高血压病合并阵发性房颤组（D组）。所有研究对象均进行超声心动图和应变／应变率成像检查。结果 与A组相比，D组心率校正的舒张晚期应变率达峰时间、舒张早期应变率差值（AESR）、舒张晚期应变率差值（AASR）和心率校正的舒张晚期应变率达峰时间差值（ATASRc）的差异具有统计学意义。与B组相比，D组的收缩期应变率（SSR）、△ASR、△TASRc、△ESR的差异具有统计学意义。结论 高血压病合并阵发性房颤时，左心房心肌储存器功能受损表现为储存血液势能的能力不变，而效率下降；阵发性房颤损伤了高血压病患者心房肌的传导性，降低了左心房整体的助力泵功能，同时增加了左心房行使管道功能的时间。应变率指标能够无创性定量评价高血压病合并阵发性房颤患者左心房的功能异常。     

多普勒超声和心导管测量阵发性心房颤动患者左心房压力的研究

目的探讨多普勒超声能否有效地预测阵发性心房颤动(PAF)患者的左心房压力(LAP)。方法选择PAF患者31例,导管射频消融术前1d行经胸及经食管彩色多普勒超声检查,测左心房内径、LVEF、舒张期肺静脉血流衰减时间(DTD)、收缩期肺静脉血流衰减时间(STD)等相关参数;术中通过心导管测量LAP。对多普勒超声参数与LAP进行相关性分析。结果 31例患者LAP(14.45±7.60)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)、DTD(176.97±56.74)ms、STD(193.97±55.17)ms。DTD和STD与LAP呈负相关(r=-0.63,r=-0.81,P=0.00)。结论DTD和STD可能是简便、可靠、无创性预测PAF患者LAP的理想指标。     

Predictive value of serum uric acid on left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients

Objectives To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LA-SEC) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods We retrospectively screened 1,476 consecutive hospitalized patients with AF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography prior to radiofrequency catheter ablation, left atrial appendage closure and electric cardioversion at Guangdong General Hospital. Data on the clinical baseline characteristics of all patients were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed. Results After exclusion of patients with left atrial thrombus, 1,354 patients entered into present study and 57 were LA-SEC. The mean female SUA level (380.88 ± 94.35 μmol/L vs. 323.37 ± 72.19 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and male SUA level (416.97 ± 98.87 μmol/L vs. 367.88 ± 68.50 μmol/L, P = 0.008) were both significantly higher in patients with LA-SEC than in the controls. The mean left atrial dimension (41.32 ± 5.12 mm vs. 36.12 ± 5.66 mm, P < 0.001) was markedly larger in patients with LA-SEC. In multivariate regression analysis, SUA level was an independent risk factor for LA-SEC (OR: 1.008, P< 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the corresponding area under the curve for SUA predicting LA-SEC in female and male were 0.670 and 0.657, respectively. SUA level is significantly higher in non-valvular AF patients with LA-SEC. Conclusion SUA level is an independent risk factor and has a moderate predictive value for LA-SEC among non-valvular AF patients in Southern China.