The Effects of Rituximab on Lipids,Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Rheumatoid Arthritis

The aim of the study was to examine lipid profiles, arterial stiffness (AS), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), in 55 women with RA without overt cardiovascular disease (СVD) treated with rituximab (RTX).The following parameters were recorded before and 24 weeks after RTX therapy (2 infusions of 500 or 1,000 mg RTX intravenously, fortnightly): plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, DAS 28-ESR, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), RF IgM, AS (SI - stiffness index, RI – reflection index) by digital volume pulse contour analysis (Micro Medical, UK), and common cIMT by high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. Based on the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria, patients were divided into two groups: 1) moderate/good response to RTX therapy after 24 weeks (41 patients, 75%), 2) no response to RTX therapy (14 patients, 25%). Effective RTX therapy resulted in 9% increase in TC, 23% increase in HDL-C and 14% decrease in atherogenic index, 57% decrease in SI and 24% decrease in RI. We observed a 9% decrease of cIMTmax at 24 weeks. The improvement of cardiovascular parameters was accompanied by statistically significant decreases of CRP, ESR, RF IgM and DAS 28 in group 1 (P < 0.05). There were not significant changes in lipid profile, AS parameters, and cIMT in group 2. Two infusions of RTX in case of moderate/good EULAR effect of therapy exerted favorable effects on lipid profile, AS and cIMT in women with RA without overt CVD.     

Elevated Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Is Independently Associated with Microalbuminuria in a Rural Population

Microalbuminuria is a marker of generalized endothelial dysfunction resulting from arterial stiffness or insulin resistance, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a good measure of arterial stiffness. We aimed to investigate whether elevated baPWV is independently associated with microalbuminuria. This study included 1,648 individuals aged over 40 who participated in the baseline Multi-Rural Cohort Study conducted in Korean rural communities between 2005 and 2006. Participants were classified into less than 30 mg/g as normoalbuminuria or 30-300 mg/g as microalbuminuriausing urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). The median and Q1-Q3 baPWV values were significantly higher in the microalbuminuric group both in men (1,538, 1,370-1,777 cm/s vs. 1,776, 1,552-2,027 cm/s, P < 0.001) and women (1,461, 1,271-1,687 cm/s vs. 1,645, 1,473-1,915 cm/s, P < 0.001). BaPWV was independently associated with microalbuminuria in both genders after adjusting for pulse rate; fasting blood glucose; triglyceride; homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA_IR) and, history of hypertension and diabetes. Fasting blood sugar and HOMA_IR were judged as having nothing to do with multicolinearity (r = 0.532, P < 0.001). Elevated baPWV was independently associated with microalbuminuria regardless of insulin resistance among rural subjects over 40 yr.

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初发2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与各代谢指标的关系

目的探讨初发2型糖尿病（T2DM）人群中颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）与各代谢指标的相关关系,探寻动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。方法选择正常对照组（NC）44例、糖耐量正常的单纯肥胖组（Ob）42例、新诊的2型糖尿病患者60例,所有对象于清晨空腹测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,计算体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）;空腹检测各组生化指标,并同时行糖耐量试验（OGTY）,检测OGTT中0、30、60、120min各时点血糖及胰岛素值,利用Bergman最小模型技术计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）;并以高分辨率彩色血管多普勒超声检查颈总动脉（CCA）内中膜厚度。结果IMT值T2DM组较NC组（P〈0．01）及0b组显著升高（P〈0．05）。所有初发T2DM患者,IMT与年龄、甘油三酯（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）及ISI呈正相关（P〈0．05．0．01）：与BMI、腰围呈负相关（P〈0．05）。在校正年龄、性别因素的影响后,IMT与BMI、腰围、TC、LDL-C及ISI无显著相关,与2hPG呈显著相关（r=0．461,P〈0．001）。结论2hPG是初发T2DM人群早期动脉粥样硬化（AS）的独立危险因素,降低2hPG有望改善T2DM人群的血管功能。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与尿微量白蛋白的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化与尿微量白蛋白的关系。方法收集109例2005年至2008年在本院住院的2型糖尿病患者,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪10MHz高频探头检测患者双侧颈动脉,按超声检查结果分为4组：颈动脉正常组30例[双侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）〈0．9mm];颈动脉内膜增厚组30例（0．9mm≤CIMT≤1．3mm）;稳定斑块组23例（斑块呈强回声,伴或不伴声影）;不稳定斑块组26例（斑块呈略低回声,内部或周边／有强回声附着）。同时测定血肌酐、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、尿微量白蛋白（MAU）,记录血压并计算体质量指数,比较四组患者MAU的差异。结果各组年龄、性别、体质量指数、血压、血肌酐比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,MAU值各组与CIMT〈0．9mm组间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,尤其是不稳定斑块组与正常组差异最显著（P〈0．01）,不稳定斑块组与稳定斑块组、内膜增厚组,稳定斑块组与内膜增厚组差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,不稳定斑块组与正常组在病程、FPG、Hba1C、TC、TG、LDL、HDL比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,稳定斑块组与内膜增厚组除TC、MAU差异有统计学意义外（P〈0．05）,其余指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化程度与尿微量白蛋白水平呈正相关,MAU可预测2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病的风险。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与血液流变学指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(CIMT)与血液流变学指标的相关性。方法:选取88例糖尿病患者,检查CIMT后,分为血管病变组及无血管病变组,检测两组患者全血粘度、血浆粘度和红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原,对结果进行组间比较及CIMT与血流变指标的相关性分析。结果:血管病变组的CIMT、全血(低切、中切、高切)粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原与无血管病变组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血管病变组CIMT与全血(中切、低切)粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病合并颈动脉血管病变患者常伴有血液流变学指标升高,血液流变学异常变化可能参与颈动脉血管病变的发生发展。     

2型糖尿病患者血尿酸与颈动脉内膜厚度的关系研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者血清尿酸与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素的关系。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2016年12月我院收治的3570例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,按彩色多普勒超声分为颈动脉斑块形成组（1888例,颈动脉内膜中层厚度≥1.5 mm或存在颈动脉斑块）、颈动脉中膜增厚组（332例,颈动脉内膜中层厚度≥1.0 mm）和正常组（1350例,颈动脉内膜中层厚度＜1.0 mm）。比较患者性别、年龄、病程、体重指数（BMI）、吸烟史、饮酒史、糖尿病家族史、高血压病史、血尿酸、空腹血甘油三酯、空腹血总胆固醇、血低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、血高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、空腹血糖、空腹C肽、糖化血红蛋白、双侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度等资料。结果 三组年龄、病程、脑梗死病史、收缩压、血尿酸、LDL、TG、TC、LDL、空腹血糖水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;正常组与颈动脉斑块形成组、正常组与颈动脉内膜增厚组年龄、病程、BMI、高血压病史、脑梗死病史、收缩压、血尿酸、LDL比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在糖尿病家族史、冠心病史、足溃疡病史、TG、TC、空腹血糖方面,正常组与颈动脉斑块形成组或正常组与颈动脉内膜增厚组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;颈动脉内膜中层增厚组中血尿酸水平与颈动脉中膜厚度正相关（r=0.04,P=0.01）。结论 2型糖尿病患者的血清尿酸水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度有关,控制2型糖尿病患者的血尿酸水平可以预防和减缓其心血管疾病的进展。     

Association between BDNF Polymorphism and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

PurposeLittle is known about the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and psychiatric symptoms in diabetes patients. We investigated the effects of BDNF Val/66/Met polymorphism, glucose status, psychological susceptibility, and resilience on anxiety and depression symptoms in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsWe examined biochemical factors and BDNF polymorphism in 89 patients who were newly diagnosed with T2DM. Psychiatric symptoms were investigated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to assess psychological resilience and susceptibility to psychological distress, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate factors associated with psychiatric symptoms.ResultsWe determined that 62 patients (70%) were Met-carriers. No significant differences were found between the Val/Val homozygous and Met-carrier groups regarding age, sex, body mass index, and clinical factors related to glycemic control and lipid profiles. HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores and IES factor scores were higher in the Met-carrier than the Val/Val homozygous group. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was significantly inversely correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Resilience factors showed significant inverse correlations, and IES factors showed positive correlations with depressive symptom severity. In the logistic regression analysis model, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with HbA1c and BDNF polymorphism, whereas only the hyperarousal factor of the IES scale was associated with anxiety.ConclusionDepressive symptoms are associated with the presence of the Met-carriers and lower HbA1c in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM.     

阿托伐他汀对老年2型糖尿病血脂异常患者颈动脉斑块的影响

目的:观察阿托伐他汀对老年2型糖尿病血脂异常患者颈动脉斑块的影响。方法:选择80例2型糖尿病血脂异常患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组(治疗组,40例)和非阿托伐他汀治疗组(对照组,40例),治疗组每晚顿服阿托伐他汀片10mg,对照组每晚服用一片安慰剂,两组的疗程均为24周。测定两组治疗前和治疗12、24周时患者血脂和血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,并通过彩超观察两组治疗前后颈动脉斑块大小及颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(CI-MT)的变化。结果:治疗12周,治疗组患者胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和hs-CRP均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且颈动脉斑块大小和CI MT较治疗前明显减小(P<0.05),治疗24周时效果更显著(P<0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀对老年2型糖尿病血脂异常患者具有降脂和抗炎作用,并降低CI MT,减少颈动脉斑块,改善动脉粥样硬化进程。     

2型糖尿病合并亚临床甲减患者血脂及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的变化

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退(SCH)患者血脂谱及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)的改变.方法:选择2型糖尿病并甲状腺功能正常(EUT)40例患者为T2DM+EUT组,2型糖尿病合并亚临床甲减患者38例为T2DM+SCH组,比较两组患者的血脂谱及颈动脉内膜中层厚度.结果:T2DM+SCH组与T2DM+EUT组比较,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)增高而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)降低,CIMT增厚,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).LDL-C、TC及CIMT与促甲状腺激素(TSH)呈正线性相关.结论:SCH可加重T2DM患者血脂谱的紊乱程度,T2DM合并SCH促使CIMT明显增厚,由此增加糖尿病患者发生动脉粥样硬化及血栓性疾病的风险.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度相关风险因素分析

目的 探讨初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉血管病变临床风险因素.方法 选择清华大学附属垂杨柳医院内分泌科2014年5月至2019年1月的初诊T2DM患者403例.同时选择我院体检中心健康人群年龄匹配的139例作为健康对照组.初诊T2DM患者403例,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(CIMT)分为2组,CIMT<1 mm为无IMT增厚组(CIMT1组,n=177);CIMT≥1mm为IMT增厚组(CIMT2组,n=226),在两组中进行包括幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)、年龄等临床指标的比较.结果 初诊的T2DM患者组HP感染率为31.0％,健康对照组HP感染率21.6％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).初诊T2DM患者中颈动脉血管病变的患病率为10.8％,CIMT1组和CIMT2组进行方差分析比较,发现两组间年龄、收缩压(SBP)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).进一步用倾向性匹配评分对两组人群的年龄、性别和体质指数(BMI)进行1:1比例匹配,成功匹配264例,匹配后CTMI3组132例,匹配后CTMI4组132例.对匹配后人群进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、幽门螺旋杆菌感染(HP+)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与初诊2型糖尿病患者CIMT正相关,OR值分别为2.683、2.097和2.045(P<0.05),空腹C肽(C-P)与糖尿病患者CIMT负相关,OR值为0.211(P<0.05).结论 低空腹C-P水平、胰岛素抵抗、HP感染和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是初诊T2DM患者颈动脉内中膜增厚的独立危险因素.初诊的T2DM患者组HP感染率高于健康人群.     

2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者的DSA颈动脉颅外段狭窄分析

目的分析2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者数字减影血管造影(DSA)的颈动脉颅外段狭窄特点。方法选取我院收治的2型糖尿病并发急性脑梗死患者108例作为糖尿病组,其中男64例,女44例,选取同期收治急性脑梗死患者108例作为非糖尿病组,其中男65例,女43例,对两组DSA的颈动脉颅外段狭窄临床特点进行观察分析。结果糖尿病组颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率高于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病组颈总动脉膨大部狭窄率、颈内动脉起始部狭窄率、颈内动脉主干部狭窄率均高于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病组颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率高于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者急性脑梗死的发生与颈动脉颅外段狭窄密切相关,但与狭窄部位相关性并不明显。     

Association between Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

We investigated an association between serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) level and cardiovascular risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). A total of 107 participants were screened for T2D and divided into a T2D group and a control group (without diabetes). We used the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the New Pooled Cohort Equation score to estimate the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Serum GDF15 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between GDF15 level and cardiovascular risk scores. The mean serum GDF15 level was elevated in the T2D group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was evident between serum GDF15 level and age (r = 0.418, P = 0.001), the FRS (r = 0.457, P < 0.001), and the Pooled Cohort Equation score (r = 0.539, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, LDL-C level, and body mass index (BMI), the serum GDF15 level was positively correlated with the FRS and the New Pooled Cohort Equation score. The serum GDF15 level is independently associated with cardiovascular risk scores of newly diagnosed T2D patients. This suggests that the level of GDF15 may be a useful predictive biomarker of cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed T2D patients.     

初诊2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素水平与糖代谢水平的关系研究

目的 探究初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者甲状腺激素水平与糖代谢水平的关系及其临床价值.方法 选取2014年6月至2016年6月我院内分泌科收治的96例T2DM患者,测定所有患者甲状腺激素水平和糖代谢水平,采用Spearman相关分析其相关性.结果 不同性别在甲状腺激素水平及糖代谢指标及血脂指标差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).随着FPG升高,TSH、T3等激素水平降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着TSH水平升高,FPG、2h PG、HbA1c、HoMA-IR、TC和TG差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).FT3与BMI、FPG、2h PG、HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.453、-0.522、-0.621、-0.461,P＜0.05),FT3、FT4和TSH与HoMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.861、0.701和0.746,P＜0.05),TSH与HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.622,P＜0.05),TT3和TT4与BMI、FPG、2h PG、HbA1c、HoMA-IR、TC和TG无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 初诊2型糖尿病患者甲状腺激素水平对患者糖代谢水平评估具有重要意义.     

二甲双胍联合沙格列汀或格列美脲对新诊断合并腹型肥胖的2型糖尿病患者临床疗效对比

目的 比较二甲双胍联合沙格列汀或者格列美脲在新诊断合并腹型肥胖的2型糖尿病患者疗效与安全性。方法 选取2017年4月~11月在我院就诊新诊断合并腹型肥胖的T2DM患者100例,每组50例。采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,实验组给予二甲双胍联合沙格列汀治疗,对照组给予以二甲双胍联合格列美脲治疗。比较两组FPG、2hPPG、HbA1C、FINS、HOMA-β,评估两组患者腰围（WC）、BMI、血压、血脂改善情况及服药期间低血糖发生情况。结果 91例患者完成治疗随访,其中对照组45例,实验组46例。与治疗前相比,两组患者HbA1C、FPG、PPG均降低（P＜0.05）,但两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）;与治疗前相比,两组FINS、HOMA-β升高（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组FINS、HOMA-β有改善（P＜0.05）。治疗后,患者BMI、SBP、DBP、TG、LDL-C等指标比较,差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后实验组WC呈现降低趋势,而对照组均有不同程度的升高;与对照组比较,实验组治疗后WC降低（P＜0.05）,治疗期间实验组患者低血糖发生率（4.34%）低于对照组（20.00%）（P＜0.05）。两组均无严重不良事件发生。结论 对新诊断的合并腹型肥胖的T2DM患者,二甲双胍联合沙格列汀与二甲双胍联合格列美脲降糖疗效相当,但沙格列汀在缩小低腰围及改善胰岛功能方面具有优势,同时具有较低的低血糖发生率。     

Association of Hepatic Steatosis Index and Fatty Liver Index with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes

Background/aim: Previous studies have suggested that the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and fatty liver index (FLI) can be used as a predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of our study was to determine whether non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis (HSI and FLI) are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the T2DM patients (n=768). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured by the Color Doppler ultrasound. The HSI was calculated based on gender, body mass index (BMI), and transaminases level. The FLI was based on BMI, waist circumference (WC), triacylglycerols (TG) and g-glutamyl transferase (GGT).Results: Raised HSI and FLI levels was associated with increased CIMT levels in T2DM patients. Patients with greater CIMT had higher HSI (39.10 ± 5.70 vs 36.10 ± 4.18, P < 0.001) and FLI (46.35 (29.96, 65.54) vs 36.93 (18.7, 57.93), P < 0.001) than those with lower CIMT. Subjects with existing carotid plaque had higher HSI (38.28 ± 5.63 vs 35.69 ± 3.45 P < 0.001) and FLI (47.41 (27.77, 66.62) vs 37.19 (17.71, 51.78), P < 0.001) accordingly. HSI (r = 0.343, P < 0.001) and FLI (r = 0.184, P < 0.001) were positively related with the CIMT. In the linear regression, after full adjustment metabolic risk factors, smoking, and measures of insulin resistance, HSI and FLI were independently associated with CIMT (HSI: β = 0.011, FLI: β = 0.001, all P < 0.01). Further, logistic regression analyses showed that higher HSI and FLI had an impact on the risk for carotid atherosclerosis [HSI: OR (95%CI): 1.174 (1.123-1.228), FLI: OR (95%CI): 1.011(1.004-1.019), all P < 0.01]. Overall, increasing values of HSI and FLI were associated with CIMT (P < 0.05) significantly across different categories of age and hypertension.Conclusion: Current data suggest HSI and FLI are independently correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM. They may be a simple and useful marker for assessing the progression of diabetic macrovascular complications.     

利拉鲁肽联合基础胰岛素对初诊2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者 血糖控制及体质量指数的影响

目的 观察利拉鲁肽联合基础胰岛素对初诊2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者血糖控制及体质量指数的影响。方法 收集我院自2016年12月~2018年1月收治的94例初诊2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者作为观察对象,按数字奇偶法分为研究组与对照组,每组47例。对照组给予基础胰岛素治疗,研究组则在对照组的基础上加用利拉鲁肽治疗。观察并比较两组血糖控制及体质量指数变化情况,低血糖事件发生率。结果 治疗后,两组血糖指标水平及BMI均低于治疗前,且研究组降低幅度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组低血糖事件发生率为2.13%,低于对照组的14.89%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 利拉鲁肽联合基础胰岛素对初诊2型糖尿病合并肥胖患者疗效确切,可有效控制血糖,调节体质量指数。     

Increased Concentration of C-Reactive Protein in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Obesity and Presence of Diabetes but Not with Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications or Glycemic Control

The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients and its association with macrovascular and microvascular complications. The study group consisted of 80 obese DM2 patients, including 20 macrovascular, 20 microvascular, 20 both macrovascular and microvascular, and 20 with no complications patients. The control group comprised 40 normoglycemic subjects—20 obese and 20 of normal body weight. Highly sensitive CRP and metabolic control parameters were assessed. CRP levels in obese diabetes subgroups and normoglycemic obese were similar and significantly higher than those in nonobese controls. No correlation was found between CRP and diabetes control parameters. There was a strong positive correlation between CRP level and body mass index in all groups. A multivariate analysis showed that DM2 and obesity are independent factors increasing CRP levels. Increased concentration of CRP in obese DM2 patients is related to obesity and diabetes itself. The lack of association between CRP and vascular complications remains unclear.     

OSAS合并原发性高血压患者血浆内皮素-1与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的变化

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）及OSAS合并原发性高血压（essential hypertension,EH）患者血浆内皮素-1（Endothelin-1,ET-1）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（carotid artery intima—media thickness,IMT）的变化及相互关系。方法选择OSAS合并EH患者组50例,OSAS患者组40例及健康对照组30例,采用ELISA法测定其血浆ET-1浓度,及利用颈动脉超声检测IMT。结果OSAS合并EH组的血浆ET-1浓度均高于单纯OSAS组及对照组即（124．66±18．90）pg／mL、（54．53±10．82）pg／mL,（45．07±6．45）pg／mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;而单纯OSAS组的血浆ET-1浓度亦高于对照组,即（54．53±10．82）pg／mL对（45．07±6．45）pg／mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;OSAS合并心血管病组的IMT明显高于单纯OSAS组及对照组,即（1．03±0．11）mm对（0．93±0．06）mm,（0．88±0．07mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论OSAS患者存在内皮功能损害,OSAS合并EH者内皮功能紊乱更严重,同时伴IMT增厚。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆Obestatin水平及其与动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的 观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆肥胖抑制素(obestatin)水平和颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT),探讨两者相关性.方法 选取60例T2DM患者作为观察组,另取30例正常体检者作为对照组,检测血脂、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)等临床指标,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测血浆obestatin水平,彩色多普勒诊断仪测量IMT.结果 观察组腰臀比(WHR)、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、FINS、FPG、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、IMT水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05),obestatin水平低于对照组(P＜0.05);血浆obestatin水平与WHR、BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、FINS和IMT呈负相关(P均＜0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈正相关(P＜0.05);多元逐步回归分析显示,年龄、BMI、SBP均为IMT增厚的危险因素,obestatin、HDL-C为保护因素.结论 T2DM患者血浆obestatin水平降低,obestatin与动脉粥样硬化相关.