肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能、T细胞亚群和B细胞的检测及临床意义

目的 观察原发性肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能与T细胞亚群、B细胞的分布状态及其相互之间的关系和临床意义。方法 采用敦峰法和间接免疫荧光法分别检测了60例原发性肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群、B细胞的分布,并与40例正常健康人进行比较分析。红细胞免疫功能检测内容包括红细胞C3b受体粘附花环率（RBC－C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC－ICR）和直向肿瘤红细胞粘附花环率（RBC－CaR）。结果 ①肺癌患者RBC－C3bRR、RBC－CaR、CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD20^ 细胞百分值及CD4^ /CD8^ 比值均显著低于正常人（P＜0．01或0．05）;RBC－ICR显著高于正常人（P＜0．01）。②肺癌患者CD4^ 细胞百分值与RBC－C3bRR呈明显正相关（r＝0．8112,P＜0．05）。结论 原发性肺癌患者存在红细胞免疫及T、B细胞功能的异常;T辅助细胞与红细胞C3b受体功能之间可能有促进或协同作用,二者可能在肺癌患者的机体免疫调节中发挥重要作用。     

肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能和T淋巴细胞亚群的检测及临床意义

作者对62例肺癌患者进行红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群测定，并与20例正常人对照。结果显示：肺癌组红细胞膜C3b受体活性（RBC－C3bRR）、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 ／CD8 比值均低于正常人（P＜0．05～0．01），红细胞膜的吸附免疫复合物（RBC－ICR）、CD8 均高于正常人（P＜0．05～0．01），因此认为红细胞免疫及T淋巴细胞亚群测定对肺癌的诊断、治疗及病情预后估计有一定价值。     

恶性肿瘤患者T细胞亚群与红细胞免疫功能的变化及其相关性分析

目的：为了提供有意义的免疫治疗,观察恶性肿瘤患者T细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能变化,并探讨了2系统的相关性。方法采用直接免疫荧光法的流式细胞分析术检测108例恶性肿瘤患者细胞亚群（CD^ 4,CD^ 8_,采用免疫粘附酶母菌花环法检测红细胞免疫功能（C3bRR,ICR)。结果恶性肿瘤患者表现为CD^ 4百分率降低,CD^ 8百分率升高,CD^ 4／CD^ 8比值降低;RBC-C3bRR降低,RBC－ICR升高,以上指标与正常对照组比较均有非常显著性差异,差异（P＜0．01）。各肿瘤组中CD^ 4／CD^ 8与RBC－C3bRR均呈明显正相关（γ=0．65,P＜0．05）。结论恶性肿瘤患者T细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能变化明显,两者又有明显相关性。     

化疗对晚期肺癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：分析42例晚期肺癌者化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能的变化,并探讨其与病情的关系。方法：对42例晚期肺癌化疗前后的血标本采用流式细胞术检测T淋巴细胞亚群和采用交体粘附法检测红细胞免疫功能,并与体检健康者作比较,结果：本组晚期肺癌患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群和红细胞免疫功能均低于对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。治疗后,化疗有效率总T细胞（CD3^ ）、辅助／诱导T淋巴（CD4^ ）、CD4^ 与CD8^ 比值均显著升高（P＜0．01）,细胞毒／抑制性T淋巴细胞（CD8^ ）降低（P＜0．05）;化疗无效者CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD4^ ／CD8^ 显著降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,而CD8^ 升高（P＜0．01）,直向肿瘤红细胞花环（direct tumor erythrocyte rosette,DTER）,红细胞C3b受体花环（red blood cell C3b receptor rosette,RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环（red blood cell immunity complex rosette,RBC-ICR),化疗前后变化不明显（P＞0．05）。结论：晚期肺癌患者免疫功能低下,有铲化疗能提高患者的T淋巴细胞亚群免疫功能,临床上对免疫功能的观察对肺癌患者的治疗和预后有一定的监测作用。     

肺癌患者外周血红细胞免疫功能和T淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床观察

本文对62例肺癌患者进行红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群测定，并与20例正常人对照，结果显示：肺癌组红细胞膜C3b受体活性（RBC－C3bRR）；CD3 、CD4 、CD4 ／CD8 比值均低于正常人（P＜0.05～0.01），红细胞膜吸附免疫复合物（RBC－ICR）、CD8 均高于正常人（P＜0.05～0.01），因此认为红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群测定对肺癌的诊断、治疗及预后有一定价值。     

肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能的临床研究

目的：探讨肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能状态以及手术治疗对红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：对35例经纤支镜检查病理证实为肺癌而未手术的患者以及26例经手术切除病理证实为肺癌的患者行红细胞免疫功能检测，并以30例正常人作对照。结果；手术切除患者与未手术患者相比：前者红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC C3BRR)、自然肿瘤红细胞花环率（NTER）显著高于后者（P＜0．01），但仍较正常组低（P＜0．05）；而红细胞C3b受体花环促进率（RFER）、直向肿瘤红细胞花环率（DTER）、促肿 瘤红细胞花环率(ETER)及协同肿瘤红细胞花环率（ATER）均高于后者（P＜0．01），且与正常对照无显著差异（P＞0．05）；红细胞免疫复合物 花环率（RBC ICR）低于后者（P＜0．01），且与正常对照无显著差异（P＞0．05）；红细胞C3b受体花环抑制素（RFIR）低于后者（P＜0．01），但仍高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）。结论；肺癌患者手术切除原发肿瘤后，机体红细胞免疫功能可逐渐恢复。机体红细胞免疫功能状态与肿瘤组织负荷有密切关系。     

长期低剂量苯接触对人体细胞免疫及微核形成的影响

目的与方法：为探讨长期低剂量苯接触对工人机体免疫系统的影响及其遗传毒性作用，采用淋巴细胞单抗致敏红细胞花环试验及微核试验，对44例油漆工人进行了T淋巴细胞亚群及淋巴细胞微核测定。结果：在苯接触者白细胞总数正常情况下，淋巴细胞亚群CD4^ 值无明显变化；CD^3 及CD^8 极显著增加（P＜0．01）；CD4^ /CD8^ 比值明显下降（P＜0．05）。外周血淋巴细胞微核率极显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：长期低剂量苯接触可导致机体细胞细胞免疫紊乱并可产生遗传毒性作用。     

食管癌患者免疫功能的研究

目的：研究食管癌患者免疫功能的变化规律，探索食管癌的免疫发病机制。方法：应用形态学方法测定食管癌患者LBT、RBC－C3bRR、RBC－ICR及NTER；用ELISA法测定食管癌患者血清sIL-2R和TNF-α水平；用生化方法测定食管癌患者血清NO含量，并进行统计学分析。结果：食管癌患者血清NO含量、LBT、RBC－C3bRR和NTER均显著低于正常对照组（P均＜0．001）；而血清sIL-2R含量、血清TNF－α含量及RBC－ICR均显著高于正常对照组（P均＜0．001）。肿瘤根治术后患者血清NO含量、LBT、RBC－C3bRR和NTER较术前明显升高（P＜0．05；＜0．001；＜0．001；＜0．05），但仍低于正常对照组（P均＜0．001）；而血清sIL-2R含量、血清TNF－α含量及RBC－ICR较术前明显降低（P均＜0．001），但仍高于正常对照组（P均＜0．001）。本实验还发现食管癌患者RB－C3bRR与血清NO含量及LBT呈正相关，与血清sIL-2R含量呈负相关。结论：食管癌患者的多项免疫指标均发生了明显的改变，多项免疫指标的联合检测对食管癌发病机理探讨、疗效观察和预后判断均有重要的临床意义。     

肝癌患者红细胞免疫功能检测及评价

目的：研究肝癌患者红细胞免疫功能变化的规律。方法：采用郭峰法测定45例肝癌患者及45例正常对照人群的红细胞免疫功能。结果：肝癌患者红细胞免疫功能明显下降,红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC—C3bRR）、肿瘤红细胞花环（RBC—CaR）显著低于正常对照组,而红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC—ICR）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：原发性肝癌患者存在红细胞免疫功能障碍,因此在免疫治疗中,应加强红细胞免疫功能的调节和恢复。     

肺癌患者外周血细胞CD25、CD4表达和Apo水平的检测

目的：研究肺癌患者外周血细胞CD25、CD4表达规律和Apo水平。方法：采用流式细胞术对101例肺癌患者外周血细胞CD25^ 、CD3^ /CD4^ 表达率和Apo水平进行了检测。并分析了肿瘤转移状况和化疗对上述3项指标的影响。结果：肺癌患者外周血细胞CD25^ 和CD3^ /CD4^ 率均显著低于正常对照组（P＜0．01和P＜0．05）,Apo显著高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）。化疗者的3项指标均显著高于未化疗者（P＜0．01,P＜0．05和P＜0．05）;在未化疗患者中,有转移者和无转移者之间的CD25和CD3／CD4表达率差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）,而转移者的Apo却显著高于无转移者（P＜0．01）;在化疗患者中,转移者的Apo表达率显著高于无转移者（P＜0．01）,CD25^ 表达率低于无转移者（P＜0．05）,而D3^ /CD4^ 二者差异却无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：肺癌能抑制患者外周血细胞CD25^ 和CD3^ /CD4^ 细胞进一步降低,但却引起Apo明显升高。化疗可以提高肿瘤患者CD25^ 、CD3^ /CD4^ 和Apo的检出率,使机体免疫功能能有所恢复。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.