护理干预对手术室非全身麻醉患者的负性情绪及舒适度的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对手术室非全身麻醉患者的负性情绪及舒适度的影响,提高手术质量,降低手术风险。方法：选择符合标准的患者85例,随机分为观察组43例和对照组42例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施护理干预,比较二者护理效果。结果：入院时,两组患者抑郁自评量表（ SDS ）及焦虑自评量表（ SAS）评分相似,差异均无显著性（ P＞0．05）;术后1d,两组患者SAS及SDS评分与入院时比较均下降（P＜0．05）,但是观察组患者下降幅度更大,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。围手术期观察组患者简化舒适状况量表（ GCQ）的生理、心理精神、社会文化及环境各单项评分均高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：护理干预可以有效缓解手术室非全身麻醉患者的负性情绪,提高生理及心理舒适度,有利于患者术后康复。     

共同实施健康教育和心理干预对冠心病负性情绪的影响

目的：探讨同时进行健康教育和心理干预对冠心病患者负性情绪的影响。方法：将67例冠心病患者随机分为观察组和对照组，评定并比较两组干预前后SAS、SDS评分及其临床疗效。结果：干预后观察组SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01和P〈0．05），临床疗效显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：同时施以健康教育和心理干预，能更好地改善冠心病患者负性情绪，提高疗效。     

综合性护理干预对恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后负性心理及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨综合性护理干预对恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后负性心理及生活质量的影响。方法：选择在我院进行化疗的恶性淋巴瘤患者68例进行研究,对照组34例患者给予常规护理,观察组34例给予综合性护理。对化疗后患者负性心理和和生活质量进行评估和比较。结果：护理前,两组SDS 和 SAS 评分差异不显著（P＞0．05）,护理后两组 SDS 和 SAS 评分对比,差异显著（P＜0．05）。护理后,观察组社会功能、心理功能、躯体功能、物质生活评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：恶性淋巴瘤患者经化疗后给予综合性护理干预可有效改善患者焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,生活质量可得到有效提高,可在临床中推广应用。     

全子宫切除术后强化心理干预对缓解负性情绪及改善性生活质量的临床研究

【目的】探讨全子宫切除术后强化心理干预对缓解负性情绪及改善性生活质量的影响。【方法】选择行全子宫切除的患者200例,按照入院时间分为两组,每组100例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上采用针对性的心理护理干预,采用焦虑（SAS）、抑郁（SDS）自评量表评价负性情绪,采用女性性功能量表（FSFI）测评干预前后患者性功能状态。【结果】干预6个月后,观察组患者 SAS （34．38±11．26）分、SDS （34．21±8．76）分评分显著降低,缓解效果优于对照组（40．73±11．52）分、（49．73±8．88）分（ P ＜0．05）;观察组干预6个月后FSFI总分及各维度评分均明显优于对照组（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】子宫全切患者存在焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,心理干预能有效缓解负性心理,提高术后性生活质量。     

维持性血液透析患者心理护理干预的效果分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者实施心理护理干预的临床效果。方法对本院在2016年9月至2017年8月期间进行维持性血液透析患者中随机选择80例作为此次研究对象,按照两种护理方式分为对照组40例和观察组40例。对照组维持性血液透析患者实施常规护理,观察组维持性血液透析患者则在常规护理上增加心理护理干预。比较这两组维持性血液透析患者的SAS焦虑自评量表评分、SDS抑郁自评量表评分以及患者护理满意程度。结果观察组维持性血液透析患者的SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组患者,P0.05;观察组维持性血液透析患者的护理满意率高于对照组患者,P0.05。结论维持性血液透析患者采取心理护理干预措施,可减轻患者心理上的负担,降低不良情绪的发生率,促进患者身心健康。     

血液透析患者实施心理护理干预的效果观察

目的 探讨心理护理对维持性血液透析患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响.方法 将46例维持性血液透析患者随机分为对照组（n=23）和观察组（n=23）,对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组在此基础上给予心理护理.结果 观察组心理护理干预后SAS和SDS评分为（30.24±3.26）和（42.01±5.23）,显著低于对照组的（35.51±5.75）和（45.89±6.73）（P＜0.05）.结论 维持性血液透析患者给予有效的心理护理,可显著消除或改善患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,提高其生活质量.     

心理护理对冠心病患者情绪障碍的影响

目的探讨心理护理干预对中老年冠心病患者情绪障碍的影响。方法将60例冠心病患者随机分为干预组和对照组各30例,评定并比较两组不同时间SAS、SDS、SAQ评分及其临床疗效。结果第2次评定干预组SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．U1）,而SAQ评分及临床疗效显著高于对照组（均P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;住院时间明显短于对照纽（P〈0．05）。结论心理干预能明显缓解中老年冠心病患者负性情绪,提高临床治疗效果。     

维持性血液透析患者焦虑抑郁状态的分析及心理干预

【目的】探讨维持性血液透析患者焦虑抑郁状态及心理干预的影响。【方法】将88例行维持性血液透析（MHD）患者随机分为干预组和对照组,对干预组44例血液透析患者进行心理干预20周,干预前后分别采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行评价。【结果】两组患者干预前SAS、SDS评分无统计学意义,干预后干预组SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两组患者干预前症状自评量表（SCL-90）评分,无统计学意义,干预后干预组躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分显著低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。【结论】对MHD患者进行心理干预可改善其焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高血液透析的治疗效果及生活质量。     

护理干预对维持性血液透析患者抑郁症的影响

目的：探讨护理干预对维持性血液透析患者抑郁症的影响。方法：将我院90例接受维持性血液透析的患者随机分为对照组和干预组,每组45例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上给予针对性的干预措施。两组治疗前及治疗后3个月采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评价患者的抑郁和焦虑程度,并进行比较。结果：干预组干预后SDS评分（51．5±3．9）及SAS（52．2±2．9）评分均较干预前（60．O±7．8）、（66．2±7．3）显著降低,差异有高度统计学意义（f=8．724、10．231,P〈0．01）;对照组SDS评分（56．4＋4．1）及SAS（64．9±8．3）评分与干预前（59．6±513）、（67．1±7．0）比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=1．270,P〉0．05）。干预后干预组SDS评分及SAS评分均较对照组明显降低（t=3．208,P〈0．05;t=5．690,P〈0．01）。结论：对维持性血液透析患者的抑郁情绪应给予重视,并采取积极的护理措施进行干预,减轻患者的抑郁症状．以提高患者的生活质量。     

视网膜再脱离患者负性情绪的因素分析和心理护理研究

目的探讨心理护理干预对视网膜再脱离患者负性情绪的影响。方法将视网膜再脱离患者60例随机分为对照组和干预组各30例,对照组采用常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上增加心理护理干预,包括人文关怀、有效沟通、对家属进行心理辅导和放松疗法等。采用焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale,SAS）和抑郁自评量表（self-rating depressions cale,SDS）对2组所用方法实施前后进行比较。结果2组所用方法实施前SAS、SDS评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;2组所用方法实施后,干预组SAS、SDS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论增加心理护理干预能有效改善视网膜再脱离患者的负性情绪,促进患者的康复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.