氯雷他定联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎临床分析

目的:观察氯雷他定联合布地奈德对支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法:将94例支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各47例,两组患儿均采用对症治疗,观察组在此基础上给予氯雷他定,同时雾化吸入布地奈德气雾剂,治疗周期均为2周,记录并比较两组患儿治疗前后鼻炎症状评分及哮喘症状评分。结果:治疗前,两组患儿哮喘症状评分及鼻炎症状评分相近,差异不显著(P>0.05);治疗结束后,两组患儿哮喘症状评分及鼻炎症状评分均有不同程度的降低,观察组患儿症状评分值下降尤为显著,与治疗前及治疗后同期对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氯雷他定联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的临床疗效显著,可显著降低患者症状评分。     

玉屏风颗粒联合辅舒酮防治哮喘合并变应性鼻炎疗效观察

目的观察玉屏风颗粒联合小剂量辅舒酮吸入防治哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法68例患儿随机分为治疗组34例和西药对照组34例,分别采用玉屏风颗粒联合小剂量辅舒酮气雾剂吸入、单用辅舒酮气雾荆吸入进行防治。结果治疗组在改善哮喘症状。减少变应性鼻炎发作时间、哮喘发作次数、感冒样症状发作次数及β2-受体激动剂用量等方面,均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论玉屏风颗粒联合小剂量辅舒酮吸入防治哮喘合并变应性鼻炎具有较好疗效。且无明显毒副作用。     

吸入布地奈德联用氯雷他定对支气管哮喘并变应性鼻炎的防治作用

目的观察低剂量吸入布地奈德的基础上联用氯雷他定对支气管哮喘并变应性鼻炎的防治作用。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照方法，50例轻中度哮喘伴变应性鼻炎患者分为氯他定组（25例）和对照组（25例）进行3个月的治疗，观察吸入布地奈德200μg（每天两次）并联合应用开瑞坦（氯雷他定）10mg或安慰剂（每天一次）。记录哮喘者症状的评分、鼻炎发作天数、感冒次数，按需吸入B：激动剂的次数和气道反应性的变化。结果对照组治疗前、后每周哮喘症状记分为（4．4±0．6）分、（3．0±0．5）分，氯雷他定组为（4．5±0．7）分、（2．2±0．6）分，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；两组患者鼻炎发作天数治疗前、后分别为（4．9±1．0）d、（4．4±1．3）d；（5．1±1．0）d、（2．9±1．4）d，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；对照组患者每月感冒样症状的发生次数为（1．3±0．4）次，氯雷他定组为（0．7±0．3）次，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；按吸入的β2激动剂的平均次数减少（P〈0．01）；治疗后气道反应改善明显（P〈0．05）。结论在低剂量吸入布地奈德的基础上联用氯雷他定可显著提高变应性鼻炎并哮喘的疗效。     

培元生金方联合天灸治疗儿童哮喘并变应性鼻炎效果观察

【目的】观察培元生金方联合天灸治疗儿童哮喘并变应性鼻炎的效果。【方法】将92例缓解期儿童哮喘并变应性鼻炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各46例。2组病例均给予面罩式储物罐吸入丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂,在此基础上,治疗组加用中药培元生金方口服,并予天灸疗法治疗,对照组只加用天灸疗法治疗。观察2组中医证候、鼻炎症状体征评分及哮喘发作次数。【结果】治疗组的中医证候疗效、变应性鼻炎临床疗效优于对照组,哮喘发作次数少于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】培元生金方联合天灸治疗缓解期儿童哮喘并变应性鼻炎的效果良好,可明显改善患儿的中医证候,缓解变应性鼻炎的症状、体征,减少哮喘急性发作次数。     

H1阻滞剂联用小剂量氨茶碱对过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘的防治作用

目的　观察在小剂量氨茶碱联合H1 阻滞剂对过敏性鼻炎合并变应性哮喘的防治作用。方法　将 3 5例过敏性鼻炎合并轻中度变应性哮喘患者分为酮替芬与氨茶碱治疗组 ( 18例 )和对照组安慰剂 ( 17例 ) ,进行 3个月的治疗 ,比较两组 7项观察指标。结果　观察组治疗前后每周哮喘状态计分、鼻炎发作时间 (天 )、每月伤风次数、按需吸入 β2 受体激动剂 (喷 )、最大呼吸流量(PEF)、日内平均变异率 ( % )、血清嗜酸性粒细胞 ( % ) 6项指标与对照组比较均有非常显著性差异 (均P <0 .0 1) ,但血清IgE含量两组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　在小剂量氨茶碱的基础上联合应用H1阻滞剂可显著提高对过敏性鼻炎合并变应性哮喘的防治效果。     

儿童哮喘防治简易方案临床应用(50例分析)

目的 探讨儿童哮喘防治简易方案的临床应用价值。方法 6～13岁哮喘患儿50例，根据病情程度分别吸入丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂(FP)或布地奈德气雾剂(BUD)，为期12周，观察治疗前后日间和夜间症状评分、肺功能最大峰流速值PEF及其占预计值百分比(PEF％)、变应性鼻炎症状计分和每日β2激动剂吸入喷数和患儿对疗效的自我评价。结果 治疗中哮喘与变应性鼻炎症状、肺功能持续改善，β2受体激动剂应用显著减少，患儿自我疗效评价，显效率达94％，总有效率100％。结论 哮喘简易方案将诊断方案及吸入激素分级定量简化，易于掌握。     

舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂联合氯雷他定治疗小儿哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的通气功能及血生化指标评估

目的:研究舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂联合氯雷他定治疗小儿哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的通气功能及对血生化指标的影响。方法:收集本院收治的哮喘合并变应性鼻炎小儿40例,回顾治疗方式并分为单纯接受氯雷他定治疗的对照组22例、接受舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂联合氯雷他定治疗的观察组18例。治疗前,治疗6月及1年后,采用肺功能仪检测通气功能指标;采用ELISA法检测炎症介质含量;采用放射免疫法检测气道重塑指标含量。结果:治疗前,两组通气功能指标水平,炎症介质及气道重塑指标含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6月及1年后,观察组FEV1、FVC、PEF水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);血清中IL-2含量高于对照组,IL-5、IL-17、IL-33含量低于对照组(P<0.05);血清中PDGF-BB、TGF-β1、NF-κB含量低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂联合氯雷他定治疗可优化哮喘合并变应性鼻炎患儿的通气功能,降低全身炎症反应、抑制气道重塑。     

糠酸莫米松联合孟鲁司特治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的：观察联合应用糠酸莫米松吸入和口服孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法：141例变应性鼻炎患儿随机分为4组,分别使用糠酸莫米松、孟鲁司特钠、糠酸莫米松和孟鲁司特钠联合、氯雷他定治疗,疗程8周,治疗前后症状体征评分,统计有效率。结果：前3组比氯雷他定组评分改善,总有效率高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。糠酸莫米松组和孟鲁司特组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。联合治疗组比糠酸莫米松组和孟鲁司特组评分改善,总有效率高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：联合应用糠酸莫米松吸入和口服孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童变应性鼻炎,疗效优于单药治疗。     

激素长期吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘的疗效观察

目的探讨激素长期吸入对儿童支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将我科1998年10月-2007年10月收治的哮喘患儿262例,采用激素长期吸入治疗,辅以β2受体激动剂、茶碱等药物。1998年10月-2004年10月使用丙酸倍氯米松吸入,2004年10月-2007年10月使用布地萘德、丙酸氟替卡松吸入治疗。结果激素吸入治疗后患儿哮喘发作症状明显减轻,发作频率明显减少,对患儿生长发育无明显影响,未见Cushing综合征发生。结论激素长期吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘疗效好,用药剂量小,副作用少,很好地改善了患儿生活质量,值得推广。     

孟鲁司特钠联合吸入型皮质激素治疗轻中度哮喘的疗效观察

目的观察孟鲁司特钠联合吸入型皮质激素治疗轻中度哮喘的疗效。方法将60例轻中度哮喘患儿随机分为对照组30例（吸入型皮质激素）和治疗组30例（孟鲁司特钠联合吸入型皮质激素）,两组均按需使用β2受体激动剂,疗程8周。通过观察惠儿临床症状缓解情况,哮喘发作次数以及使用β2受体激动剂的次数,比较两组间的治疗效果。结果治疗组患儿临床症状缓解所需时间比对照组明显缩短,且哮喘发作次数以及使用β2受体激动剂的次数明显减少,总有效率明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论孟鲁司特钠联合吸入型皮质激素治疗轻中度哮喘患儿比单用吸入型皮质激素控制哮喘的效果好,不良反应少,依从性好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.