构建过表达/干扰多梳蛋白2的人胶质瘤细胞系

目的 构建过表达/干扰多梳蛋白2(polycomb-like 2,PCL2)基因重组慢病毒并稳转胶质瘤U251细胞系。方法 过表达PCL2重组慢病毒载体pLVX-hPCL2-3flag-ZsGreen-Puro和干扰PCL2重组慢病毒载体pLVXshRNA2-Puro-hPCL2通过克隆技术成功构建,在293T细胞中导入质粒载体完成慢病毒包装,经过干预HEK293获得转染效率,病毒滴度采用逐孔稀释梯度法测得。将构建好的hPCL2/shRNA PCL2重组慢病毒转染胶质瘤U251细胞,倒置显微镜下观察荧光强度及范围,Western blot检测PCL2蛋白的表达情况。结果 成功构建hPCL2/shRNA PCL2重组慢病毒载体,Western blot结果显示,相比对照组和空载组,目的蛋白在转染过表达PCL2重组慢病毒U251细胞中表达明显升高,在转染干扰PCL2重组慢病毒U251细胞中表达降低（P均<0.05）。结论 成功构建hPCL2/shRNA PCL2重组慢病毒的U251细胞系。     

大鼠线粒体膜蛋白Nix基因过表达与shRNA慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建线粒体膜蛋白Nix基因过表达与shRNA慢病毒载体.方法 PCR扩增获得Nix基因序列,与经BamH Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅰ双酶切的pHBLV-CMVIE-IRES-Puro载体连接获得Nix过表达重组慢病毒载体;以Nix为靶基因,合成寡核苷酸,退火形成双链DNA,与经BamH Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅰ双酶切的pHBLV-U6-Scramble-Puro载体连接获得Nix shRNA重组慢病毒载体;将病毒包装辅助质粒与上述重组慢病毒载体共转染293T细胞,收集上清液并浓缩获得慢病毒浓缩液,3倍梯度稀释法测定病毒滴度;用病毒颗粒感染PC12细胞,经嘌呤酶素筛后得到稳定感染细胞株;荧光显微镜检测Nix荧光水平,Western blot检测Nix蛋白的表达.结果 成功构建Nix基因过表达和shRNA慢病毒载体,并在293T细胞中包装获得病毒.重组病毒感染PC12细胞后,荧光显微镜检测Nix基因过表达细胞荧光水平增加,shRNA感染细胞荧光水平降低;Western blot检测显示Nix基因过表达PC12细胞中Nix蛋白表达显著升高,shRNA慢病毒感染细胞中Nix蛋白表达明显降低,而Nix shRNA1干扰效果最好.结论 成功构建Nix基因过表达与shRNA慢病毒载体,并获得Nix过表达与干扰细胞模型.     

含心脏阿霉素反应蛋白基因的重组慢病毒过表达和RNA干扰载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建心脏阿霉素反应蛋白（CARP）基因重组慢病毒过表达和RNA干扰载体并进一步包装慢病毒,为研究CARP在阿霉素（ADR）心肌病中的作用及机制奠定基础。方法：将PCR扩增的大鼠CARP基因序列和设计合成的短发夹RNA（shRNA）序列分别插入GV-358和GV-248表达载体,行DNA测序鉴定。采用重组CARP过表达和shRNA表达穿梭载体与Helper 1.0和Helper 2.0辅助包装质粒共转染人胚肾细胞HEK293T,进行病毒包装和扩增,采用终点稀释法测定病毒滴度。采用重组慢病毒感染HEK293T细胞,荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光强度。采用重组慢病毒感染H9C2细胞,分为对照组、Scramble RNA组、CARP过表达组和shRNA CARP组,Western blotting法检测各组细胞中CARP蛋白表达水平。结果：基因测序,CARP过表达及shRNA载体序列与原设计序列完全相符。载体转染HEK293T细胞后,在荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白表达。包装的CARP过表达及shRNA病毒感染H9C2细胞后,与对照组比较,CARP过表达组细胞中CARP蛋白表达水平升高5.3倍（P=0.01）,shRNA CARP组细胞中CARP蛋白表达水平降低53%（P=0.02）。结论：成功构建了CARP过表达和特异性shRNA慢病毒表达载体并获得高感染效率的过表达和RNA干扰慢病毒,后者在H9C2细胞中能够干预CARP表达。     

人FGF-9慢病毒表达载体的构建、包装及鉴定

目的构建人成纤维细胞生长因子-9（FGF-9）慢病毒表达载体,鉴定其表达,并对慢病毒载体进行包装,为在体及体外研究FGF-9的功能及其与肿瘤等疾病的关系提供基础。方法PCR扩增人FGF-9基因。全长序列交换入线性表达载体,连接产物转化感受态细胞,PCR及基因测序鉴定阳性克隆。重组质粒转染293T细胞,荧光显微镜观察增强型绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）表达,Western—blot鉴定FGF-9表达。重组病毒质粒在脂质体介导下与结构质粒和包膜质粒共转染293T细胞包装成人FGF-9过表达慢病毒,RT—qPCR测定滴度。结果PCR及测序证实人FGF-9基因正确克隆至病毒质粒;感染293T细胞后,荧光显微镜观察到eGFP,Western—blot检测到FGF一9融合蛋白表达;三质粒共转染293T细胞获得慢病毒,测其浓度为2×10^8TU／mL。结论成功构建人FGF-9慢病毒表达载体．可在293T细胞中表达,并包装成慢病毒,为在体及体外研究FGF-9的功能及其与肿瘤等疾病的关系提供基础。     

GPC3基因重组慢病毒载体的构建及其在肝癌细胞中的表达

目的 构建含有GPC3的shRNA序列慢病毒表达载体并转染肝癌细胞,观察其转染效率及在肝癌细胞中的表达.方法 应用重组DNA技术,将设计好的GPC3基因特异性siRNA序列构建至慢病毒表达载体pGLV3-GFP上,并应用脂质体法转染293T细胞,进行病毒包装及滴度测定.采用RT-PCR及Western blot分别从mRNA和蛋白水平检测转染HepG2细胞后GPC3基因的表达情况.结果 慢病毒载体构建成功,并测定滴度为1×108TU/mL,转染后,GPC3基因表达明显降低.结论 成功构建GPC3基因的shRNA慢病毒载体,所介导的RNAi能有效抑制靶细胞中GPC3基因的表达.     

大鼠STAT3特异性shRNA慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的在已经成功构建4个针对STAT3的shRNA质粒表达载体的基础上,筛选出干扰效果最佳者进行慢病毒包装并鉴定。方法将STAT3的干扰质粒shRNA1、shRNA2、shRNA3、shRNA4及Control1(空载体对照),Control2(无效shRNA对照)分别转染目的细胞(大鼠肾小球系膜细胞),48h后收集细胞提取mRNA,以RT-PCR检测各组分STAT3表达量。对于筛选所得干扰效果最佳的质粒,采用pPACKH1TM慢病毒载体系统进行病毒包装。利用绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因,对感染效率及病毒滴度进行检测。结果 RT-PCR检测结果显示,shRNA3样品受干扰的效果最佳。成功构建了慢病毒载体Lenti-shRNA3,共转染293T细胞24h、48h,荧光显微镜下可见强绿色荧光,细胞生长状态良好,表明病毒包装成功。转染HT1080细胞,收集慢病毒液,测定病毒滴度为3.34×108ifu/ml,适合感染目的细胞。结论成功构建了STAT3基因的shRNA慢病毒表达载体,为进一步应用奠定了基础。     

人THAP11慢病毒载体的构建及表达研究

目的 构建人死亡相关蛋白11(THAP11)基因的慢病毒载体,并建立其慢病毒表达系统.方法 PCR方法获得人THAP11基因,限制性内切酶酶切和基因重组构建慢病毒载体质粒pBPLV-THAP11-myc,并通过转染HEK293细胞观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达以及Western blot检测其表达.在脂质体介导下将重组质粒与包装质粒pLP1和pLP2、包膜质粒pLP/VSVG共转染293FT细胞包装产生慢病毒.结果 构建的质粒经PCR,酶切及测序鉴定正确;该质粒与包装质粒共转染293FT细胞获取的5.5×106TU/ml慢病毒滴度.结论 成功构建了人THAP11基因慢病毒载体质粒THAP11-myc-pBPLV,并建立了其慢病毒表达系统,为后续的应用研究奠定了基础.     

NK4基因重组慢病毒载体的构建及在肝癌细胞中的表达

目的 构建共表达人NK4基因和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的重组慢病毒载体,转染人高侵袭转移肝癌细胞LM3(HCCLM3),观察其转染效率及表达情况.方法 采用DNA重组技术,将NK4基因克隆至带EGFP的慢病毒表达载体pLenti6.3-内部核糖体进入位点序列(IRES)-EGFP中,并用脂质体介导法将慢病毒包装系统和带NK4基因的质粒pLemi6.3-NK4-IRES-EGFP共转染293T细胞,包装慢病毒并测定滴度.以不同感染复数(MOI)的重组慢病毒感染293T细胞,筛选最适MOI,以最适MOI重组慢病毒感染HCCLM3细胞,观察转染效率.Western blot法测定细胞中NK4蛋白表达水平.结果 成功构建共表达NK4基因和EGFP基因的慢病毒载体pLenti6.3 -NK4 -IRES-EGFP,并对其包装、纯化及浓缩后测定病毒滴度为1.08×108 TU/mL.重组慢病毒感染HCCLM3细胞筛选其最适MOI为7.转染后HCCLM3细胞中可见明显的NK4蛋白表达,而未转染细胞中无NK4蛋白的表达.结论 成功构建了NK4基因的重组慢病毒载体,有效地转染HCCLM3细胞后可高表达NK4蛋白.     

LMP1基因重组慢病毒载体的构建及体外表达

目的 构建EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白Ⅰ(LMP1)基因重组慢病毒载体,并检测其在体外的表达.方法 采用DNA重组技术,将LMP1基因克隆到带绿色荧光蛋白的慢病毒表达载体质粒pCDF中,筛选阳性克隆,经限制性酶切、PCR扩增和DNA测序鉴定重组载体.以脂质体介导法将慢病毒包装系统的包装质粒pFIV-34N、包膜质粒pVSV-G和带目的 基因的质粒pCDF-LMP1共同转染到包装细胞293FT细胞内包装病毒,荧光显微镜观察包装细胞报告基因的表达情况,收集病毒上清,浓缩鉴定,测定重组病毒的滴度.将重组慢病毒转染小鼠B淋巴瘤细胞系A20,RT-PCR和Westernblotting检测LMP1的表达.结果 重组慢病毒表达载体质粒经限制性酶切和DNA测序分析证实LMP1基因准确克隆入pCDF的多克隆位点,LMP1序列与GenBank中的数据完全一致.荧光显微镜下观察可见293FT细胞的细胞浆与细胞膜有大量的绿色荧光,重组慢病毒浓缩后滴度为107Tu/ml,慢病毒转染A20细胞的效率>90%.RT-PCR和Westernblotting检测A20细胞内有LMP1的表达.结论 成功构建了LMP1基因重组慢病毒表达载体,慢病毒可高效转染A20细胞,为后期研究EBV致瘤基因LMP1在淋巴瘤发病机制中的作用奠定基础.     

人eIF4E基因shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的设计并构建人真核细胞翻译起始因子4E(eIF4E)基因shRNA慢病毒质粒表达载体。方法设计合成人eIF4E基因RNA干扰双链DNA片段,重组到慢病毒质粒PLVTHM上,然后进行PCR鉴定和测序分析。重组质粒与3种包装质粒混合,以LipoD293TMDNA In Vitro包裹后转染293T细胞,收获病毒上清液感染宫颈癌HeLa细胞。结果经过PCR鉴定出的重组载体测序结果与目的序列一致,成功构建人eIF4E基因shRNA慢病毒质粒表达载体及获得相应慢病毒,并成功感染HeLa细胞,可见绿色荧光蛋白表达。结论成功构建人eIF4E基因shRNA慢病毒载体,为进一步研究宫颈癌基因治疗奠定基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.