68例妊娠合并血小板减少的临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的原因和妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2009年1月-2011年12月68例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料。根据不同病因分为4组:妊娠相关性血小板减少(PAT)组、妊娠高血压疾病(PIH)组、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)组及其他组(包括巨幼红细胞贫血、白血病、系统性红斑狼疮等)。有出血倾向或血小板计数<50×109/L患者给予糖皮质激素或免疫球蛋白或输血小板治疗。结果 68例患者中妊娠相关性血小板减少(PAT)41例(60.3%),妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)16例(23.5%),特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)6例(8.8%),其他病因5例(7.4%)。剖宫产50例,阴道分娩18例,产后出血4例,新生儿颅内出血2例。PAT和PIH组患者产后42d血小板与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ITP及其他原因患者产后42d血小板与治疗前比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论妊娠合并血小板减少的不同病因中,妊娠相关性血小板减少最多见。对血小板计数<50×109/L或有明显出血倾向者,根据孕周不同给予糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白和(或)输血小板治疗。血小板计数≥50×109/L如无产科指征,可经阴道分娩,如手术终止妊娠应在术前输注血小板后行剖宫产术。     

血小板参数检测对妊娠血小板减少性疾病的临床意义

目的分析血小板参数检测对妊娠血小板减少性疾病的临床意义。方法将我院2013年5月~2015年5月收治的90例妊娠期血小板减少患者作为研究对象,其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)组(n=15)、妊娠相关性血小板减少(PAT)组(n=64)与溶血、肝酶升高、血小板减少综合征(HELLP)组(n=11),同时选取同期正常妊娠的60例作为对照组,检测四组患者外周血液标本血小板参数,评估其临床意义。结果与对照组相比,PAT与HELLP组PLT明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其PCT、MPV、PDW对比差异无显著性(P0.05);但与对照组、PAT及HELLP组对比,ITP组PDW及MPV水平明显上升,PCT与PLT水平显著下降,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PAT组轻度血小板减少占65.63%,HELLP组占72.73%,均高于ITP组(P0.05),ITP组重度血小板减少占66.67%,显著高于PAT与HELLP组(P0.05);PAT组、HELLP组患者产后血小板恢复正常时间在1周内者分别占96.88%、90.91%,明显高于ITP组,而ITP组产妇产后血小板复常时间有93.33%均超过4周,明显长于PAT、HELLP两组(P0.05)。结论妊娠期血小板减少性疾病产妇动态检测其血小板参数的变化是明确血小板减少症病因的重要途径,可参照PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW参数的变化特点,确定产妇血小板减少病因,指导其治疗。     

妊娠合并血小板减少89例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的病因、围生期处理。方法：对2005年3月～2010年3月我院收治的89例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：各组妊娠期及产前、产后血小板计数比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。PAT组和ITP组在产前应用口服糖皮质激素、静脉注射丙种球蛋白、输注血小板治疗后第2天,血小板计数明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：妊娠特发性血小板减少是最常见的妊娠合并血小板减少症类型,在治疗原发病的基础上,糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白、血小板输注是治疗的有效手段。     

妊娠合并血小板减少86例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的临床特点及妊娠期的监护和处理。方法对86例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症病因、治疗方法以及分娩方式的选择。结果妊娠相关性血小板减少症62例(72.09%),子痫前期引起16例(18.60%),特发性血小板减少性紫癜引起6例(6.98%),系统性红斑狼疮及再障各1例(占2.33%)。PAT组及HDCP组血小板计数产后与妊娠期及产前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。而ITP组血小板计数产后与妊娠期及产前比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。剖宫产占69.8%,产后出血率为2.3%。结论妊娠相关性血小板减少是最常见的妊娠合并血小板减少症类型。对血小板持续下降或血小板<50×109/L者应明确诊断,给予病因治疗及升高血小板治疗,可使用糖皮质激素或免疫球蛋白治疗,分娩前后使用血小板制剂。分娩方式取决于产科情况及血小板水平。如血小板<50×109/L可输注单采血小板后行剖宫产术。     

54例妊娠合并血小板减少的临床特点与围生期处理探讨

目的分析妊娠合并血小板减少（PT）的临床特点与围生期处理。方法54例PT患者作为研究组,同时选取54倒血小板正常的孕妇作为对照组。回顾性分析PT的病因,治疗及分娩方式。结果PT的病因为妊娠相关性血小板减少（PAT）．特发性血小板减少性紫瘴（ITP）．妊娠期高血压疾病;经糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白、血小板输注治疗,血小板计数明显增高。研究组剖宫产率与对照组无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论PAT是PT的最主要茹因,糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白、血小板输注是治疗PT的有效手段。     

晚期妊娠合并血小板减少35例临床分析

目的探讨晚期妊娠合并血小板减少的原因及围生期处理。方法对35例晚期妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果妊娠期血小板减少症（PAT）17例,妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）8例,妊娠高血压综合征（PIH）6例,系统性红斑狼疮2例,其他血液病2例,PAT和PIH患者产后血小板计数较产前差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;剖宫产25例占71.4%,阴道分娩10例占28.6%,无孕妇及新生儿死亡。结论晚期妊娠合并血小板减少病因主要为妊娠合并血小板减少和特发性血小板减少性紫癜,应根据不同情况进行处理。     

妊娠合并血小板减少症32例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症的病因与特点。方法:对32例妊娠合并血小板减少症患者进行回顾分析。结果:妊娠合并血小板减少症占同期产妇的3.6%,32例患者中妊娠期血小板减少症(GT)22例(68.8%),妊娠合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)4例(12.5%),妊娠高血压综合征(PIH)4例(12.5%),妊娠合并再生障碍性贫血(AA)2例(6.2%)。各组血小板平均体积从大至小分别为:ITP及PIH>GT>AA。结论:血小板平均体积配合骨髓常规检查有助于妊娠合并血小板减少症的鉴别诊断,治疗的关键是依据不同病因及血小板减少程度选择相应的输血及对症治疗,可以有效地防止出血,降低死亡率。     

妊娠合并重度血小板减少37例临床分析

目的: 探讨妊娠合并重度血小板减少的病因及对母婴的影响。方法: 对37例妊娠合并重度血小板减少的孕妇,根据病因、妊娠相关血小板减少症(PAT)为Ⅰ组,妊娠合并再生障碍性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、骨髓增生异常综合征RA型(MDS-RA)及HELLP综合征为Ⅱ组,观察2组的妊娠结局。结果: 37例孕妇中PAT 23例(62.16%),ITP 9例(24.32%);Ⅱ组产后出血率高于Ⅰ组(P < 0.05);Ⅰ组新生儿出生体重、胎龄均大于Ⅱ组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);术后10天Ⅰ组产妇血小板恢复优于Ⅱ组(P < 0.01)。结论: 妊娠合并重度血小板减少病因以PAT为主;其次为ITP。由PAT引起的重度血小板减少患者妊娠结局较好。     

妊娠合并血小板减少50例临床观察

目的探讨妊娠期合并血小板减少的病因及治疗方法。方法总结分析我院50例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料。结果妊娠相关性血小板减少（PAT）29例占58％,特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）14例占28％,妊娠高血压综合征（PIH）5例占10％,Evans综合征1例占2％,再生障碍性贫血（AA）1例占2％。结论妊娠合并血小板减少病因较多,应针对不同病因进行相应的合理治疗。     

妊娠合并血小板减少105例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症的发病机制及围生期处理方法。方法对105例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的临床资料作回顾性研究。结果出现妊娠相关性血小板减少症(PAT)55例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)19例,妊娠期高血压疾病先兆子痫(PIH)37例,肝病3例,系统性红斑狼疮1例。其中剖宫产65例,占61.9%;阴道分娩40例,占38.1%。结论 PAT一般发生在妊娠晚期,以PAT最常见,产前适当提高血小板水平,可以减少并发症发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.