急性心肌梗死冠状动脉内长支架置入术临床疗效

目的评价急性心肌梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入长支架的临床疗效.方法对105例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行原发冠状动脉内支架术.将57例AMI患者梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入冠状动脉内支架长度≥20mm为长支架组(A组),另48例梗死相关动脉病变相对较短,置入支架长度<20mm作为对照组(短支架组,B组).比较两组之间的临床特征、冠状动脉造影情况及置入支架后的临床效果.结果A组与B组之间有关年龄、性别、发病开始至心导管室时间、心肌梗死部位、心功能Killip分级、冠状动脉病变支数、具体梗死相关动脉病变血管和支架置入前梗死相关动脉血流TIMI分级,两组之间无统计学差异.A组患者侧支循环形成及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PT-CA)后严重夹层形成明显多于B组.A组患者支架置入长度明显长于B组[(26.02±4.77)mm比(16.02±2.40)mm,P<0.001].两组之间置入支架直径无统计学差异.A组支架置入成功率为96.5%,与B组95.7%相似.支架置入后A组TIMI血流3级为93.3%,与B组的91.7%相比,差异无显著性.A组中有1例患者术后3 d支架处血栓形成.A组中51例和B组中41例患者术后随访1～39个月,其中A组中3例及B组中4例因心绞痛再次入院行冠状动脉造影检查,A组1例为再狭窄,2例为非梗死相关动脉严重狭窄;B组1例再狭窄,3例为非梗死相关动脉严重狭窄,其余85例无死亡及心肌梗死等心脏事件.结论 AMI梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入长支架与梗死相关动脉短病变置入短支架一样,具有成功率高、并发症低,临床疗效确切.     

药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架治疗弥漫病变的比较研究

目的比较冠心病患者弥漫病变采用药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架治疗的近期和远期预后,分析影响这类病变介入治疗预后的危险因素。方法研究对象为我院2004年4月至2005年8月接受置入单个长度>25.0mm支架治疗并且进行冠状动脉造影随访的205例患者,排除支架置入失败及支架置入位置不理想者。分为置入药物洗脱支架(DES)组(n=128)和置入金属裸支架(BMS)组(n=77)。所有的患者术后均接受阿司匹林300mg、氯吡格雷75mg等规范药物治疗。手术成功判定标准为至少用相互垂直的两个投照体位行冠状动脉造影,肉眼判定残余狭窄<20%和前向血流TIMI3级。再狭窄判定标准以复查冠状动脉造影定量分析支架内或支架邻近血管管腔直径狭窄程度≥50%。患者在支架术后6个月左右接受冠状动脉造影随访。结果共205例患者(男性181例,女性24例)227个靶病变置入382枚支架完成造影随访。其中C型病变占总数的93.8%,B2型病变为6.2%。双支或双支以上血管病变的患者比例达到86.8%。平均术前参考血管直径(2.88±0.43)mm。平均每个病变支架长度(40.09±12.94)mm,54.2%的病变接受了重叠置入支架。比较置入DES组和置入BMS组,两组的患者基本条件差异无统计学意义,在病变基本条件方面,DES组术前参考血管直径明显小于BMS组[(2.80±0.37)mm比(3.10±0.48)mm,P=0.005]。6个月随访结果显示再狭窄率DES组(15.4%)小于BMS组(48.4%),P<0.001。晚期支架内腔径丢失BMS组明显大于DES组[(0.94±0.76)mm比(0.39±0.53)mm,P<0.001]。靶病变血管重建率DES要明显好于BMS(11.6%比38.5%,P<0.001)。支架内再狭窄在置入DES组的局限性再狭窄比例大于置入BMS组(33.3%比18.2%,P=0.029)。对影响复杂弥漫病变支架再狭窄因素的多元logistic回归分析发现,采用支架重叠置入(OR=2.82,P=0.017)和支架类型(OR=5.71,P<0.001)是对复杂弥漫病变支架内再狭窄影响最大的危险因素。结论我们的研究发现对于复杂弥漫病变的治疗,药物洗脱支架有着良好的治疗效果,较金属裸支架能明显减低再狭窄率。对于弥漫病变,我们应该使用长支架,尽可能减少支架重叠置入的数量。     

病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响

目的评价病变血管长度对支架术后再狭窄的影响.方法采用前瞻性开放性研究,选择本院2001年1月至2002年7月准备接受冠状动脉(冠脉)支架置入术的患者.入选标准包括冠脉单支病变或多支病变;支架置入一只或一只以上;年龄18～75岁;有明确的冠心病史;目标病变冠脉目测直径2.75～4.0 mm;狭窄程度＞50%;病变血管长度＜30 mm;支架置入术后残余狭窄<10%.排除标准包括主动脉-冠脉窦口;无保护的左主干病变;左前降支或左回旋支起始点处2 mm内的病变;支架内再狭窄病变;近5 d内有急性心肌梗死史;目标病变处或附近有血栓.按病变血管长度≤20 mm和＞20 mm分成A组和B组.支架置入术后6个月复查冠脉造影,采用Medcon分析系统对造影结果进行QCA分析,以复查时冠状动脉管腔直径减少≥50%作为再狭窄的指标.结果 A组105例,B组56例.两组患者临床基线特征年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟、高血压病、血脂异常、糖尿病、心肌梗死史、冠心病家族史,差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).支架置入术前冠脉造影显示靶血管病变的部位、类型差异亦无显著性(P＞0.05).术后主要用药基本相同(抗血小板制剂、硝酸酯类、转化酶抑制剂类、β-受体阻滞剂类、降脂药物、钙离子拮抗剂类),两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).6个月冠状动脉造影结果QCA分析提示病变血管最小管径[(2.29±1.12) mm对(1.86±1.29) mm,P=0.028]、最终管径丢失[(0.85±1.03) mm对(1.22±1.18) mm,P=0.043]、丢失指数[(0.31±0.40)对(0.44±0.40),P=0.041].再狭窄率(26.7%对42.9%,P=0.036).两组比较差异有显著性.结论病变血管长度＞20 mm的患者支架术后再狭窄率明显增高,两者呈负相关.     

支架内再狭窄的介入治疗

目的介绍支架内再狭窄的处理经验.方法回顾分析156例支架内再狭窄患者经PTCA或支架植入术治疗的即刻和术后随访结果.支架内再狭窄治疗前后行冠脉造影,并于术后5.7±3.8个月复查冠脉造影.结果 156例支架内再狭窄患者PTCA或支架术治疗均获成功,其中134例(144支血管)行PTCA治疗,占86.7%;22例(22支血管)行再次支架置入术,占13.3%.156例经再次PTCA或支架术治疗后随访平均6个月的再狭窄率为24.3%.40处弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA处理后18处(45%)再次再狭窄,而96处局限性支架内再狭窄中有17处再次再狭窄(18%),弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA治疗后,再次再狭窄率明显高于局限性支架内再狭窄(P<0.01).支架内狭窄严重程度(>75%)也是影响PTCA疗效的主要因素.结论对于大多数支架内再狭窄(70%)采用PTCA治疗安全有效,术后再狭窄率与首次支架置入术相似.     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者置入药物洗脱支架的疗效评价

目的 评价冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变置入药物洗脱支架后的疗效。方法 选择我院2004年4月至2005年8月连续接受置入药物洗脱支架（DES）或金属裸支架（BMS）治疗并且进行了冠状动脉造影随访的139例的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者。所有患者在支架术后6个月后接受冠状动脉造影随访。结果共139例患者（男性114例,女性25例）221处病变完成随访。其中C型病变94处（42．5％）,完全闭塞病变42处（19．0％）,平均每个病变支架长度（26．53±14．72）mm,平均参考血管直径（2．80±0．43）mm。两组患者在性别比例和年龄方面差异无统计学意义。两组在冠心病的危险因素如：高血压病、高脂血症、吸烟等方面差异无统计学意义。两组病变的复杂程度基本相当。DES组的参考血管直径比BMS组小[（2．71±0．41）mm比（2．98±0．53）mm,P〈0．001]。6个月后随访,DES组的支架内再狭窄率（10．6％比38．6％,P〈0．001）和病变内晚期腔径丢失[（0．24±0．56）mm比（0．91±0．77）mm,P〈0．001]明显低于BMS组。DES组的靶病变血管重建率显著低于BMS组（8．6％比30．0％,P〈0．001）。DES组有4例晚期支架内血栓。结论 本研究显示药物洗脱支架对于冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的介入治疗有着良好的治疗效果,明显优于金属裸支架。     

国产雷帕霉素长支架对患者心功能的中远期影响

目的评价置人国产雷帕霉素长支架对患者心功能的中远期影响。方法选择2010年2月至2011年2月,在长海医院心内科住院行冠脉造影及置人长、短支架的心绞痛患者共147例,根据置入支架长度分为≤20mm的短支架组（A组）、21-36mm的长支架组（B组）和〉36mm的串联长支架组（C组）。记录三组围术期急性并发症发生率及术后6个月的心脏彩超结果,比较三组间心功能的差异。结果①长支架组（B＋C组）术中急性并发症发生率为11．3％,远远高于短支架组（A组）的2．2％,但发生急性并发症对患者术后中远期的心功能影响差异无统计学意义。②置入A组短支架的患者,术后心功能平均改善为9．8±2.3;置入B组长支架的患者,术后心功能平均改善为8．6±1．3;置入C组长支架的患者,术后平均心功能改善为7．4±2．9,三组相比差异无统计学意义。③前降支（LAD）置入不同长度的支架,对术后心功能的改善均无统计学意义。结论置入国产雷帕霉素长支架的患者,术中急性并发症发生率高于置入短支架者,但对患者中远期的心功能无明显不良影响。     

104例冠状动脉血管内支架置入术后的血管造影随访研究

目的探讨影响冠状动脉内支架植入术后再狭窄的因素。方法对2001-2003年成功接受冠状动脉内支架植入术后患者进行定量冠状动脉造影,分析冠状动脉狭窄程度、病变长度及血管直径参数的影响。结果104例病人的138处病变植入152个支架,再狭窄率为35.5%。再狭窄组病变血管植入支架的长度(22±6)mm明显大于非再狭窄组(18±6)mm,(P<0.001)。短支架的再狭窄率显著小于长支架及植入多个支架者(P<0.01)。再狭窄组直径小于3.0mm中小血管的比例明显多于非再狭窄组。BX支架的再狭窄率最高,达46%,Supra-G的再狭窄率最低,为10.5%。结论冠状动脉内支架植入术后再狭窄与支架长度、构型等因素有关,小血管内植入支架仍须慎重。     

同期植入国产永久涂层支架和生物可吸收涂层支架后1年临床观察

目的　比较国产永久涂层支架（Partner支架）和生物可吸收涂层支架（Excel支架）的疗效。方法　冠心病患者同期接受Partner支架和Excel支架植入,记录术后心绞痛、心肌梗死和支架内血栓发生情况,1年后冠状动脉造影观察血管再狭窄和分支血管开口的变化情况。结果　107例患者共植入Partner支架128枚和Excel支架117枚,支架长度分别为26.4±12.4　mm和28.2±11.5　mm（P>0.05）,支架直径分别为3.035±0.455　mm和3.076±0.432　mm（P>0.05）。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后无支架内血栓和急性心肌梗死发生。两组1年的再狭窄率分别为8.4%和7.5%（P>0.05）,边支血管开口直径变化无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　国产永久涂层支架和生物可吸收涂层支架PCI术后1年冠状动脉造影随访结果相似。     

球囊预扩张对冠状动脉支架置入操作的影响

目的观察球囊预扩张效果对支架置入操作的影响.方法将内径≥3.0 mm的前降支开口以远病变(长度≤20mm、狭窄80%～99%、中度以下钙化、TIMI Ⅱ～Ⅲ级、近端弯曲≤45°)随机分为2.0 mm、2.5 mm和3.0 mm球囊预扩张组,采用同一品牌的指引导管、导丝和球囊导管进行预扩张,观察球囊充盈程度、球囊通过病变率、TIMI血流率和夹层发生率.对达到支架样扩张效果者结束操作,其他病变均置入相同品牌的预装混合支架并观察支架到位率、球囊充盈程度、近端血管直径与球囊直径、残余狭窄程度、TIMI改善率.结果共入选病人50例(男36、女14),年龄67.8±15.3(42～87)岁.前降支病变特点长度16.4±8.3(5～24)mm,狭窄程度94.1±5.2(80～99)%,TIMI 1.6±0.7(1～2).三组病人年龄、病变长度、狭窄程度和TIMI等参数具有可比性(P<0.05).预扩张后,3.0 mm球囊组2例达到支架样扩张效果,退出观察.各组预扩张压力和时间无显著差异(P>0.05).与2.5 mm以上球囊组相比,2.0 mm球囊组预扩张后TIMI改善率低、支架不能通过病变率高(P>0.05).与2.5 mm以下球囊组相比,3.0 mm球囊组的TIMI改善率、支架通过率虽然较高,但血管夹层的发生率亦明显增加(P<0.05).三组综合分析,对直径3.0 mm的病变血管采用2.5 mm球囊预扩张夹层发生率低、支架通过率高、TIMI改善率适中.结论如果不考虑可能达到的支架样扩张效果,预扩张操作最好选用比病变血管内径小10%～20%的球囊.这样一方面能达到较好的预扩张效果、便于支架到位,另一方面又不至于明显加重血管损伤或造成新的需要处理的血管夹层.     

冠状动脉弥漫长病变的支架介入治疗

目的　比较单个和多个相邻的支架治疗冠状动脉长病变的再狭窄率。方法　回顾性分析 1997～ 1999年间我院接受PTCA加支架植入术治疗的冠状动脉长病变 (>2 0mm)患者 6 4例 (男 5 0例 ,女 14例 ) ,处理靶血管共 6 9支。根据支架植入数量分为两组 :A组 43支 (单个长支架 ) ,B组 2 6支(2～ 3个支架相邻接 )。术后 6～ 10个月复查冠状动脉造影 ,评价支架植入术后再狭窄率。结果　 6 4例患者住院期间无急性、亚急性血栓形成 ,无心肌梗死 ,无死亡。单个长支架和多个支架相邻接治疗冠状动脉长病变的再狭窄率无明显统计学差异。结论　支架治疗冠状动脉长病变的疗效令人满意。采用单个长支架和多个支架治疗后再狭窄率是一致的。选择支架要着重考虑病变特点。     

冠心病支架内再狭窄患者血浆脂联素水平的观察

目的 观察冠心病患者支架置入术后再狭窄与血浆脂联素水平之间的关系.方法 对65例支架置入术后9～12个月无支架内再狭窄(A组)和54例存在支架内再狭窄≥50%(B组)的冠心病患者进行研究,复查冠状动脉造影当天取空腹12 h以上的股动脉血,采用ELISA法测定血浆脂联素水平;同时对支架置入前、置入术后即刻及9～12个月后的冠状动脉造影结果进行QCA评价.结果 A、B两组的靶血管病变部位及病变的复杂程度均相似,使用金属裸支架分别为8例(12.31%)和6例(11.11%);使用紫杉醇药物洗脱支架分别为11例(16.92%)和10例(18.52%);使用雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架分别为46例(70.77%)和38例(70.37%),术后用药两组之间无明显差异.A组脂联素水平明显高于B组[(15.16±5.02)mg/L比(10.01±4.93)ms/L,P<0.05];两组的病变长度相似[(15.82±6.67)mm比(13.40±4.20)mm,P>0.05];术前及术后即刻的最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄程度两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但9～12个月时的QCA显示:A组的MLD为(2.55±0.53)mm,平均狭窄程度为(24.21±11.23)%,B组的MLD为(0.57±0.60)mm,平均狭窄程度为(81.00±19.11)%,P<0.01;即刻获得的管腔直径两组间比较无统计学意义[(1.48±0.65)mm 比(1.19±0.37)mm,P>0.05];A组的晚期丢失明显小于B组[(0.50±0.34)mm比(1.60±0.54)mm,P<0.01].结论 血浆脂联素水平降低可能是支架术后再狭窄的原因之一.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病与非糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗特征的对比分析

目的: 比较冠心病（CHD）并发与不并发糖尿病（DM）患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）操作特点,分析CHD并发DM患者冠状动脉病变特点,探讨临床上DM对PCI可能的影响。方法: 对2006年1月~2006年12月在天津市胸科医院依顺序进行的全部1 441例行PCI术并植入金属支架的患者进行回顾性分析,按是否伴有DM分为两组:DM组和非DM组。收集患者PCI治疗各项参数,包括病变类型、病变参数、植入支架参数等。应用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学检验,计数资料以 表示,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果: 在1 441例行PCI的患者中,DM患者共计223人,占15.5%。 DM组C型病变比例明显高于非DM组（38.3% vs.19.7%;P<0.05）。DM组PCI治疗中治疗病变个数、植入支架个数明显多于非DM组（1.42±0.62 vs. 1.28±0.51;1.63±0.84 vs. 1.47±0.69,P<0.05）,而植入支架直径DM组明显小于非DM组［（3.00±0.42）mm vs. ( 3.06±0.43)mm,P<0.05］。其余PCI操作技术特点差异无统计学意义。结论: CHD并发DM行PCI术者病变较非DM者更重;CHD并发DM患者进行PCI治疗时需要处理更多病变、植入更多支架,且支架直径较小;CHD并发DM患者接受PCI治疗的比例与非并发DM的CHD患者相比更低。     

Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in stent deployment on 6-month restenosis rate: a multicenter,randomized study comparing two strategies—with and without intravascular ultrasound guidance

Objectives. We aimed to investigate the impact of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided stent implantation on the 6-month restenosis rate, which has not yet been fully established in randomized trials.Background. The 6-month angiographic restenosis rate was compared in patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease who were randomly allocated to angioplasty and stent deployment, with versus without IVUS guidance.Methods. After successful stent implantation, patients were randomized into two groups: Group A had no further dilation, and Group B had additional balloon dilation until achievement of IVUS criterion for stent expansion. The study group consisted of 164 patients, assuming a 50% reduction of the restenosis rate in Group B (15% vs. 30%) (alpha = 10%, beta = 20%).Results. We enrolled 155 patients. Overdilation was carried out in 31 (39%) of 79 Group B patients, with the IVUS criterion being achieved in 63 (80%) of 79. No significant difference was observed in the minimal luminal diameter (MLD), but the stent lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) was significantly larger in Group B (mean ± SD) (7.16 ± 2.48 vs. 7.95 ± 2.21 mm², p = 0.04). At 6 months, there was no significant difference in the restenosis rate, (28.8% [21 of 73] in Group A vs. 22.5% [16 of 71] in Group B, p = 0.25), but according to the observed difference in the restenosis rate, the power of the study was only 40%. The difference in MLD was also nonsignificant (1.60 ± 0.65 mm in Group A vs. 1.70 ± 0.64 mm in Group B, p = 0.20), whereas the lumen CSA was 20% larger in the IVUS-guided group (4.47 ± 2.59 vs. 5.36 ± 2.81 mm², p = 0.03). Lumen CSA was the only predictor of restenosis by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions. A nonsignificant 6.3% absolute reduction in the restenosis rate and a nonsignificant difference in MLD were observed in this study. Nonetheless, we still cannot rule out a beneficial effect of IVUS guidance, although this may have gone undetected owing to a lack of statistical power. A significant increase was observed in immediate and 6-month lumen size, as detected by IVUS, indicating that ultrasound guidance in stent deployment may be beneficial.     

Angiographic and clinical outcome following coronary stenting of small vessels: A comparison with coronary stenting of large vessels

Objectives. Stent implantation reduces restenosis in vessels ≥3 mm compared with balloon angioplasty, but few data are available for stents implanted in vessels <3 mm. The aim of this study was to evaluate immediate and follow-up patient outcomes after stent implantation in vessels <3 mm compared to stent implantation in vessels ≥3 mm.Methods. Between March 1993 and May 1996, a total of 1,298 consecutive patients (1,673 lesions) underwent coronary stenting. The study population was divided into two groups based on angiographic vessel diameter. In case of multivessel stenting, patients were randomly assigned only one lesion. Group I included 696 patients (696 lesions) in whom stents were implanted in vessels ≥3 mm, and group II included 602 patients (602 lesions) in whom stents were implanted in vessels <3 mm.Results. There was no difference in procedural success (95.4% in group I and 95.9% in group II), or subsequent subacute stent thrombosis (1.5% in group I and 1.4% in group II, p = NS). The postprocedure residual diameter stenosis was 3.31 ± 12.4% in group I and −2.45 ± 16.2% in group II. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 75% of patients, restenosis occurred in 19.9% of patients in group I and 32.6% in group II (p <0.0001). Absolute lumen gain was significantly higher in group I compared to group II, but absolute late lumen loss was similar in the two groups (1.05 ± 0.91 mm in group I vs. 1.11 ± 0.85 mm in group II, p = NS). Subsequently, the loss index was more favorable in group I (0.45 vs. 0.56; p = 0.0006). Independent predictors of freedom from restenosis by multivariate logistic regression in the total population were: larger baseline reference diameter (odds ratio 2.032 p = 0.006), larger postprocedure minimal stent cross-sectional area (odds ratio 1.190, p = 0.0001) and shorter lesions (odds ratio 1.037, p = 0.01). At long-term clinical follow-up, patients with small vessels had a lower rate of event-free survival (63% vs. 71.3%, p = 0.007).Conclusions. Coronary stenting can be performed in small vessels with a high success rate and low incidence of stent thrombosis. However, the long-term angiographic and clinical outcome of patients undergoing stent implantation in small vessels is less favorable than that of patients with large vessels.     

不同支架植入方式对小血管支架内再狭窄的影响

目的:观察不同支架植入方式对小血管（血管直径≤2.75 mm）支架内再狭窄的影响。方法: 对69（男51,女18）例患者共111处病变进行治疗,实验组（n=38）直接植入支架64枚（雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架53枚,紫杉醇药物洗脱支架11枚）,对照组（n=31）预扩张后植入支架47枚（雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架41枚,紫杉醇药物洗脱支架6枚）,两组患者术后即刻行冠脉血管内超声(IVUS)检测最小支架直径及横截面积。术后有胸闷胸痛症状患者即刻行冠脉造影术及IVUS,无症状患者6个月后复查。通过IVUS检测,对两组管腔丢失及支架内再狭窄率进行比较。结果: 两组支架植入术后即刻最小支架直径实验组为（2.38±0.26）mm,对照组为（2.34±0.24）mm（P＞0.05）;支架横截面积实验组为（4.5±1.0）mm2,对照组为（4.3±0.9）mm2（P＞0.05）;6个月随访后复查两组管腔丢失,实验组为（1.44±0.30）mm,对照组为（0.98±0.24）mm（P=0.01）;支架内再狭窄发生率实验组为15 %;对照组为30%（P＜0.05）。结论: 对冠状动脉小血管病变患者直接药物洗脱支架植入组支架内再狭窄发生率低于预扩张后支架植入组。     

Short- and long-term outcomes of Wiktor stent implantation at low versus high pressures. Austrian Wiktor Stent Study Group.

A prospective, randomized, multicenter trial was conducted to evaluate whether high-pressure postdilation of the Wiktor stent provides short- and long-term benefits compared with the conventional low-pressure implantation technique. From June 1995 through May 1996, 181 patients were randomly assigned to either low-pressure (6 to 12 atm, group A, n = 94) Wiktor stent placement or to high-pressure postdilation (> or = 13 atm, group B, n = 87) after stent deployment. All patients were followed up clinically for 7 +/- 3 months, with an angiographic follow-up in 154 patients (85%). After stent implantation, neither minimal lumen diameter (MLD) nor percent diameter stenosis (%DS) differed significantly between the 2 groups (MLD, 2.8 +/- 0.5 vs 2.9 +/- 0.5 mm; %DS, 17 +/- 8% vs 16 +/- 9% for groups A and B, respectively). However, a trend toward a larger mean lumen diameter within the stent was observed in group B (3.3 +/- 0.6 vs 3.5 +/- 0.5 mm for groups A and B, respectively; difference between means 0.14 mm, 95% confidence interval -0.01 to 0.29, p = 0.08). Angiographic follow-up revealed similar MLD and %DS in both treatment groups (MLD, 2.1 +/- 0.7 vs 2.2 +/- 0.8 mm; %DS, 31 +/- 17% vs 30 +/- 24% for groups A and B, respectively, p = NS). Acute stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients (1%) (1 patient in each group), and subacute thrombosis in 1 patient (0.6%) in group A. There was 1 death in group A, and target lesion restenosis (> or = 50% DS) was observed in 15% of patients with no differences between the groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated favorable short- and long-term results of Wiktor stent implantation. Despite a trend toward additional initial lumen gain by high-pressure postdilation, this did not translate into a measurable improvement in long-term outcome.     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架对糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉支架置入后内膜增生的影响

目的:评估雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(SES)对糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉支架置入后内膜增生的作用.方法:建立链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病小型猪模型(糖尿病组,n=12),随机选取2支冠状动脉置入SES,共计置入24枚支架,术后饲养6个月,与非糖尿病置入SES支架的小型猪模型(对照组,n=12)比较冠状动脉造影、血管内超声及组织切片检查结果.结果:两组动物支架置入冠状动脉分布,术前参照血管直径[糖尿病组:(2.78±0.35)mm,对照组:(2.81±0.29)mm]及术后即刻最小管腔内径[糖尿病组:(2.90±0.42)mm,对照组:(2.89±0.33)mm]均相似(P均>0.05).术后6个月糖尿病组支架内狭窄程度[(35.6±9.2)%和(7.9±3.1)%,P<0.001]、支架内晚期管腔丢失[(0.32±0.09)mm和(0.09±0.04)mm,P<0.001]、新生内膜厚度[血管内超声:(0.35±0.12)mm和(0.11±0.08)mm,P<0.05]及新生内膜面积[血管内超声:(1.29±0.51)mm~2和(0.26±0.11)mm~2,P<0.001;组织切片:(1.24±0.76)mm~2和(0.19±0.08)mm~2,P<0.05]均显著高于对照组.结论:糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉置入SES后内膜增生程度显著高于无糖尿病模型.     

A randomized comparison of repeat stenting with balloon angioplasty in patients with in-stent restenosis

OBJECTIVES: This randomized trial compared repeat stenting with balloon angioplasty (BA) in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). BACKGROUND: Stent restenosis constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Repeat coronary interventions are currently used in this setting, but the recurrence risk remains high. METHODS: We randomly assigned 450 patients with ISR to elective stent implantation (224 patients) or conventional BA (226 patients). Primary end point was recurrent restenosis rate at six months. Secondary end points included minimal lumen diameter (MLD), prespecified subgroup analyses, and a composite of major adverse events. RESULTS: Procedural success was similar in both groups, but in-hospital complications were more frequent in the balloon group. After the procedure MLD was larger in the stent group (2.77 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.25 +/- 0.5 mm, p < 0.001). At follow-up, MLD was larger after stenting when the in-lesion site was considered (1.69 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.7 mm, p = 0.046). However, the binary restenosis rate (38% stent group, 39% balloon group) was similar with the two strategies. One-year event-free survival (follow-up 100%) was also similar in both groups (77% stent vs. 71% balloon, p = 0.19). Nevertheless, in the prespecified subgroup of patients with large vessels (> or =3 mm) the restenosis rate (27% vs. 49%, p = 0.007) and the event-free survival (84% vs. 62%, p = 0.002) were better after repeat stenting. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ISR, repeat coronary stenting provided better initial angiographic results but failed to improve restenosis rate and clinical outcome when compared with BA. However, in patients with large vessels coronary stenting improved the long-term clinical and angiographic outcome.     

Percutaneous handling of coronary lesions >20mm through stents. Is there a first choice strategy?

OBJECTIVE - This study compared the early and late results of the use of one single stent with those of the use of multiple stents in patients with lesions longer than 20mm. METHODS - Prospective assessment of patients electively treated with stents, with optimal stent deployment and followed-up for more than 3 months. From February '94 to January '98, 215 patients with lesions >20mm were treated. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group A - 105 patients (49%) with one stent implanted; Group B - 110 patients (51%) with multiple stents implanted. RESULTS - The mean length of the lesions was 26mm in group A (21-48mm) versus 29mm in group B (21-52mm) (p=0.01). Major complications occurred in one patient (0.9%) in group A (subacute thrombosis, myocardial infarctionand death) and in 2 patients (1.8%) in group B (one emergency surgery and one myocardial infarction) (p=NS). The results of the late follow-up period (>6 months) were similar for both groups (group A = 82% vs group B = 76%; p=NS), and we observed an event-free survical in 89% of the patients in group A and in 91% of the patients in group B (p=NS). Angina (group A = 11% vs group B = 7%) and lesion revascularization (group A = 5% vs group B = 6%; p=NS) also occurred in a similar percentage. No infarction or death was observed in the late follow-up period; restenosis was identified in 33% and 29% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION - The results obtained using one stent and using multiple stents were similar; the greater cost-effectiveness of one stent implantation, however, seems to make this strategy the first choice.     

蛋白涂层支架携带质粒介导的一氧化氮 合酶基因预防冠状动脉球囊扩张后 再狭窄的实验研究

目的　为评价蛋白涂层金属支架携带质粒介导的诱导性一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)基因局部转染血管壁 ,预防冠状动脉内血管成形术后再狭窄的效果。方法　金属支架涂层为胶联明胶制成。载体为去内毒素纯化pcDNA3。采用标准球囊导管技术 ,将吸附有质粒介导的人肝脏的iNOS基因(pcDNA3hepiNOS)涂层支架置入小型猪 (n =9)冠状动脉前降支中段 ,以相同方法置入单纯蛋白涂层支架做为对照组 (n =9) ,支架与血管直径之比为 1.1～ 1.3:1。结果　在支架置入后 7d ,RT PCR检测和免疫组织化学染色 ,证实在pcDNA3hepiNOS转染的血管段有iNOSmRNA的表达和iNOS蛋白生成 ,而远离器官则无基因的表达。 3个月时冠状动脉造影显示 :转染pcDNA3hepiNOS组 (n =5 )无再狭窄发生 ,而对照组均发生显著的再狭窄。组织病理学形态分析结果显示 :pcDNA3hepiNOS组新生内膜面积 (1.7± 0 .8)mm2 、平均百分狭窄面积 (2 6 .5± 7.5 ) %、平均管腔狭窄百分数 (4 1.2± 16 .5 ) % ,均较对照组小 ,对照组分别为 (2 .8± 0 .8)mm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ;(94.2± 14.3) % ,P <0 .0 0 1;(88.0± 16 .6 ) % ,P <0 .0 0 1;比较内膜面积 /中膜面积比值 (I/M)治疗组较对照组减少了 5 9.8%。结论　在小型猪模型使用蛋白涂层支架携带纯化质粒介导的iNOS基因可直接导入血管