无锡市HIV/AIDS流行病学分析

无锡市自1997年发现首例艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病病例在全市不断被发现。为了解本市艾滋病流行病学特征及趋势,探讨有效的防治对策,现对本市1997年～2010年6月的艾滋病流行病学资料分析报告如下。     

山西省侯马市公众艾滋病知信行调查分析

艾滋病是严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病 ,也是当今全球面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。根据Anderson等提出的性病流行动力学理论 ,通过对公众健康教育 ,降低艾滋病病毒的传播率 ,是控制艾滋病传播感染的重要措施。侯马市是世行贷款卫Ⅸ项目市 ,近年来本市已发现艾滋病病毒感染者 8例 ,为了解本市公众艾滋病知识水平 ,为卫Ⅸ项目的实施提供有利的依据 ,实现《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划( 1 998～ 2 0 1 0 )》和《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划 ( 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 5)》的目标 ,山西省侯马市疾病预防控制中心于 2 0 0 3年 7～ 8月对本市3个乡…     

宁波市艾滋病病毒感染流行现状的研究

<正> 宁波市于1990年发现首例艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者,至1999年底累计发现HIV感染者8例。为掌握HIV感染在本市的流行状况及规律,对本市1990～1999年HIV感染流行的现状及特点分析报告如下:1 对象与方法1.1 对象。性乱者、性病患者、暗娼、嫖客;献血员、吸毒者;劳务输出回国人员;宾馆服务员。     

1996-2011年新乡市艾滋病流行病学分析

目的分析新乡市艾滋病流行现状,为制定本市艾滋病防治策略提供流行病学依据。方法对1996-2011年新乡市艾滋病专报数据库、哨点监测、专题调查等资料进行分析。结果 1996年新乡市报告首例艾滋病感染者,截至2011年底新乡市累计确认艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者884例,其中艾滋病病人413例,死亡309例,感染途径以上世纪90年代参与既往有偿供血及受血者为主。结论新乡市艾滋病呈低流行状态,病例分布呈局灶性分布,传播途径逐步多样化,呈现由高危人群向一般人群扩散趋势。     

无锡市1995年～1999年艾滋病高危人群血清学监测分析

艾滋病是当今世界广泛流行的传染病。我国自 1985年发现首例病例以来 ,至 1998年底我国 31个省、市已报告艾滋病感染者 12 6 39例 (其中艾滋病 417例 )。江苏省近几年艾滋病也呈快速增长趋势。为了解艾滋病感染情况 ,制定防治对策 ,我市从1988年起开展了艾滋病血清学监测 ,现将 1995年～ 1999年部分高危人群血清学监测结果报告如下。1　资料来源和方法1.1　资料来源　本市皮肤病防治所的性病患者及市中心血站的献血员和锡山市人民医院收住的戒毒者 ,采集血清进行抗HIV初筛检测 ,检出可疑阳性由市防疫站进行复检。外籍人员、艾滋病感染者、…     

南通市通州区男男性行为人员艾滋病流行病学调查分析

目的南通市通州区男男性行为(MSM)人员的艾滋病(HIV)流行病学调查分析。方法应用滚雪球抽样方法,在南通市通州区2014年1月~2015年12月期间选取100例男男性行为(MSM)人员,对MSM人员开展问卷调查,并采集其血样进行HIV检测。结果对100例男男性行为人员经流行病学调查分析得出,其艾滋病知识知晓率低、安全套使用率低、商业性行为居多、年龄分布低,艾滋病感染率达到10.1%;研究组艾滋病感染率为18.0%,对照组艾滋病感染率为2.0%,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在南通市通州区男男性行为(MSM)人员中,其艾滋病知识知晓率低,并无对高危性行为采取保护,艾滋病感染率高,艾滋病流行形势较为严峻;应加强对男男性行为(MSM)人员艾滋病检测力度,并对其应用健康教育与行为干预措施,有效控制艾滋病在男男性行为(MSM)人员中的传播。     

无锡市北塘区2003年～2009年艾滋病流行特征分析

无锡市北塘区自2003年发现首例艾滋病病毒感染者(HIV感染者)以来,疫情逐年上升。为了解该区艾滋病流行特征与规律,以便今后进一步做好防治工作,现对北塘区2003年~2009年艾滋病疫情进行分析,结果报告如下。1材料与方法疫情资料来自中国疾病预防控制网/艾滋病数据防治信息系统,以及北塘区疾控中心对HIV感染者/病人的个案流调表。人口资料来自北塘区年鉴。运用     

芜湖市艾滋病监测/检测情况及流行形势分析

目的了解芜湖市艾滋病流行状况,评估艾滋病流行形势,为政府及有关部门预防控制艾滋病提供基础资料。方法收集1995年以来芜湖市各类人群艾滋病监测检测资料,按照卫生部和安徽省有关艾滋病监测方案、《全国艾滋病检测技术规范》(2004版)等开展监测和检测。结果从既往有偿献血人员、本地性病患者、吸毒人员、男男同性恋者、商业性性服务工作者及血液制品使用者等人群中监测发现了艾滋病病毒感染者29例。结论芜湖市艾滋病疫情仍然处在总体散发、个别高危人群低流行的状态,艾滋病防治形势不容乐观。     

连云港市艾滋病流行特征分析

（目的）分析连云港市艾滋病流行特征,据此提出防治策略。（方法）对连云港市发现的3例HIV（人类免疫缺陷病毒）携带者1例AIDS（艾滋病）病人流行病学资料进行分析。（结果）此4人均为中国本土人,其2只本市籍;3人为性接触传播,另1人系血液传播（使用不洁注射器）。（结论）全社会对HIV感染者和病人持同情和关怀,对高危人群扩大监测,开展防治AIDS宣传,以有效控制。     

济宁市2006-2007年艾滋病病毒抗体监测结果分析

济宁市自1996年发现首例艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者以来,艾滋病(AIDS)流行呈快速增长趋势.报告人数逐年上升.感染人数逐年增加.为了解本市人群艾滋病病毒感染状况,现对2006-2007年各类高危人群血清标本检测结果进行分析总结如下.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.