压力导丝在冠状动脉介入中的应用

早在施行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)的初期 ,Gruentzig等 [1] 介入心脏病学的先驱就认识到测定冠脉压力有助于判断冠脉狭窄的严重程度和介入治疗的效果 ,所以他们把用球囊导管测压列为当时冠脉介入的常规步骤之一。但是后来的研究发现用球囊导管测压不够精确 ,对预后评估意义不大 [2 ,3 ] ,加之当时缺乏有关压力与血流关系的理论基础 ,因此随着新型的不具备测压功能的球囊导管的出现 ,冠脉介入中测定冠脉内压力逐渐被人们忽视而几乎销声匿迹。八十年代中晚期 ,新的数字减影技术和定量冠脉造影分析方法 (quantitative coronary angiogr…     

冠状动脉内压力导丝的临床应用

目的进一步检测冠状动脉(冠脉)内压力导丝应用的安全性和实用性.方法对44例冠心病病人53支冠脉血管使用压力导丝测量冠状动脉狭窄远端的压力,计算冠脉流量储备分数(FFR).结果53支靶血管直径狭窄(75.17±20.74)%,47支静态FFR0.78±0.21,32支病变静态FFR≥0.75(0.90±0.06),血管直径狭窄(65.21±20.80)%,腺苷激发后仍有15支病变血管的FFR≥0.75,其直径狭窄(53.20±10.26)%,未行介入处理.介入治疗38支病变血管,直径狭窄由术前(83.84±17.09)%降到术后(15.50±9.82)%,FFR在静态、介入后、介入后腺苷激发时分别为0.70±0.22、0.96±0.05、0.92±0.05(P＜0.0001).静态FFR与病变直径狭窄程度呈线性关系(γ2=0.44,P=0.0004).结论压力导丝有类似于经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)导丝的操纵性,在绝大部分病人可代替PTCA导丝使用,安全可靠;FFR能准确地反映病变的狭窄功能严重程度,帮助医师更客观地选择介入治疗的适应证及判定治疗效果和远期疗效.     

压力导丝在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的应用价值

冠状动脉(冠脉)造影是评价冠脉狭窄病变的"金标准",冠脉介入治疗既能缓解心绞痛症状,也能改善冠心病预后.但是,冠脉造影只能判断病变狭窄程度,而不能确定其是否可引起心肌缺血,所以,对冠脉轻度或中度狭窄(50％～70％)病变是否需要介入治疗,冠脉造影检查并无指导价值.冠脉内压力导丝测定的血流储备分数(Fractional flow re-serve,简称FFR)能准确判断冠脉狭窄病变与心肌缺血的关系,正确指导冠脉介入治疗,评价冠脉介入治疗的结果和预后.     

压力导丝在冠状动脉临界病变介入治疗中的应用

<正>临床上常根据冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果来指导冠脉狭窄的治疗,一般对狭窄>70%者行介入治疗,而对临界病变,即CAG直径狭窄50%⁷0%者大多采用药物保守治疗。然而,对临界病变的患者而言,CAG结果与病变是否存在功能缺血并不十分相关〔1〕。这种不确定之处可能会导致对无功能缺血的病变进行不必要的血运重建或者对临床显著性病变未能施行血运重建。冠脉内压力导丝测定的血流储备分数(FFR)因此     

心肌血流储备分数在冠心病诊断及介入治疗中的应用

选择性冠状动脉造影术是评价心外膜冠状动脉狭窄及指导介入治疗的标准方法,但在评价冠状动脉血流上存在不足。心肌血流储备分数可反映冠状动脉狭窄病变对心肌灌注所造成的影响,对判断冠脉病变的严重程度、是否需要植入支架、预后评价等可提供重要参考依据,在冠心病诊断和介入治疗中有广阔的应用前景。     

心肌血流储备分数在冠心病诊断及介入治疗中的应用

选择性冠状动脉造影术是评价心外膜冠状动脉狭窄及指导介入治疗的标准方法,但在评价冠状动脉血流上存在不足。心肌血流储备分数可反映冠状动脉狭窄病变对心肌灌注所造成的影响,对判断冠脉病变的严重程度、是否需要植入支架、预后评价等可提供重要参考依据,在冠心病诊断和介入治疗中有广阔的应用前景。     

冠脉内压力导丝测定静息Pd/Pa值可以预测血流储备分数

目的探讨静息状态下冠脉狭窄远端压力与主动脉根部或冠脉口部压力的比值（Pd/Pa）与血流储备分数（FFR）之间的关系。方法回顾性分析在北京大学第三医院住院的84例患者中接受冠脉内压力导丝评估的103处病变的数据。多体位选择性冠脉造影,QCA评价病变直径狭窄程度。结果静息Pd/Pa值与FFR具有线性相关性（r=0.78;P〈0.0001）,以FFR值≤0.75来定义为缺血临界值时,当静息Pd/Pa≤0.86时,其预测缺血的阳性预测值可达95%,而当Pd/Pa值≥0.93时,其预测缺血阴性的预测值也达95%。结论静息Pd/Pa值与FFR具有明显的相关性,通过静息Pd/Pa值预测FFR缺血界值具有较高的阳性和阴性预测值,这提示在压力-病变功能评估中部分患者能够避免使用腺苷等微循环扩张剂,达到减少药物相关反应和手术过程的目的 。     

“伙伴”导丝技术在冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

伙伴导丝技术(buddywire teclmique.BWT)是在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)过程中,沿着放置好的第一根冠状动脉导丝,再放入第二根0.36 mm(0.014 in)的冠状动脉导丝,这样能稳定指引导管,帮助球囊和支架通过病变[1].分叉病变PCI过程中,为了保护冠状动脉分支血管,在分支血管放置一根冠状动脉导丝,支架释放后.     

多普勒导丝技术评价缺血预处理对短期冬眠心肌动物模型相关冠状动脉流速模式的影响

目的闭胸法建立短期冬眠心肌(SHM)动物模型,评价缺血预处理(IPC)对模型相关冠状动脉流速模式的影响.方法将12只中国小型家猪建立SHM模型,随机分为2组(n=6):①对照组(CON组),只进行SHM模型的制备;②IPC组,模型制备前给予缺血5min,复灌5min,重复2次行IPC.应用冠状动脉内多普勒导丝观察基础状态及冠状动脉狭窄后10min、30min、60min、120min时相关冠状动脉平均峰值流速(APV)、舒张期与收缩期流速比值(DSVR)的变化情况.结果SHM模型相关冠状动脉狭窄远端的APV、DSVR均明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),IPC对模型相关冠状动脉狭窄远端的APV、DSVR无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论SHM模型相关冠状动脉的流速模式明显不同于正常状态,IPC对其无明显影响.     

血流储备分数在冠心病介入治疗中的指导作用

冠状动脉压力决定了心肌的灌注,新型压力导丝的出现,使冠状动脉压力的测量变得简单易行.血流储备分数能较好的反映冠状动脉的血流动力学特点.在评价冠脉病变对心肌灌注影响的时候,不论是单支病变,多支病变,还是临界性狭窄,弥漫性狭窄,血流储备分数都能较准确的反映病变对冠状动脉血流动力学的影响,从而对我们在冠心病介入治疗中的临床决策起到一定的指导作用.     

血管内超声显像指标对冠状动脉中度狭窄病变功能意义的判断价值

目的:评估血管内超声显像(intravascularultrasound,IVUS)测定的指标对冠状动脉中度狭窄病变功能意义的判断价值。方法:46支冠状动脉造影(coronaryarteryangiography,CAG)显示中度狭窄(直径狭窄率40%～60%)的冠状动脉,压力导丝测定心肌血流储备分数(myocardialfractionalflowreserve,FFRmyo),IVUS测定面积狭窄率及最小管腔面积。以FFRmyo<0.75为界限值,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiveroperatingcharacteristic,ROC)选择IVUS测量的每个指标的截断点。结果:46支血管病变的直径狭窄率(49±11)%,FFRmyo为(0.83±0.15),显著低于正常组(FFRmyo为0.97±0.02)。14处(30%)病变低于界限值(FFRmyo<0.75)。IVUS面积狭窄率与FFRmyo呈负相关(r=-0.68,P<0.001)。以FFRmyo<0.75为界限值,根据ROC分析,面积狭窄率≥65%为截断点,灵敏度=100%,特异性=72%。最小管腔面积与FFRmyo呈正相关(r=0.63,P<0.001),以最小管腔面积≤4mm2为截断点,灵敏度=93%,特异性=77%。结论:IVUS测定的面积狭窄率≥65%、最小管腔面积≤4mm2,能较准确地判断中度狭窄病变的功能意义。     

心肌血流储备分数在冠心病诊断及介入治疗中的应用研究进展

冠状动脉造影（CAG）是目前诊断冠心病最常用和最重要的手段,是进一步行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）或冠脉搭桥术（CABG）的金标准。但是随着对冠脉血流动力学及病理学研究的不断深入,单纯冠脉造影提供的形态学已不能满足临床对狭窄病变解剖特征和生理功能评价的需要。     

Coronary pressure measurement based decision making for percutaneous coronary intervention

The fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a simple, reliable, and reproducible physiologic index of lesion severity. In patients with intermediate stenosis, FFR≥0.75 can be used to safely defer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and patients with FFR≥0.75 have a very low cardiac event rate. Coronary pressure measurement can determine which lesion should be treated with PCI in patients with tandem lesions, and PCI on the basis of FFR has been demonstrated to result in an acceptably low repeat PCI rate. FFR can identify patients with equivocal left main coronary artery disease who benefit from coronary bypass surgery. Coronary pressure measurement distinguishes patients with an abrupt pressure drop pattern from those with a gradual pressure drop pattern, and the former group of patients benefit from PCI. Coronary pressure measurement is clinically useful in evaluating sufficient recruitable coronary collateral blood flow for prevention of ischemia, which affects future cardiac events. FFR is useful for the prediction of restenosis after PCI. As an end-point of PCI, FFR ≥0.95 and ≥0.90 would be appropriate for coronary stenting and coronary angioplasty, respectively. In summary, if you encounter a coronary stenosis in doubt you should measure pressure rather than dilate it.     

Regional myocardial perfusion reserve determined using myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging showed a direct correlation with coronary flow velocity reserve by Doppler flow wire

Aims: Quantitative analysis of rest–stress myocardial perfusionmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide assessments ofregional myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR). The purpose ofthis study was to compare regional MPR determined by myocardialperfusion MRI with coronary flow reserve (CFR) by intracoronaryDoppler flow wire. Methods and results: Twenty patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD)were studied. Average peak velocity was measured by Dopplerflow wire in the resting state and during adenosine triphosphate(ATP) stress in 36 coronary arteries. CFR measurements for eachpatient were performed in the culprit and one non-culprit non-stenoticartery. First-pass, contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRimages were obtained in the resting state and during ATP stresswithin the week before the Doppler wire procedure. Regionalmyocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified in 16 myocardialsegments by analysing arterial input and myocardial output usinga Patlak plot method. MPR was calculated as stress MBF dividedby rest MBF. CFR measured by Doppler flow wire was comparedwith MPR in the myocardial segments corresponding to vesselterritories. The average MPR measured by perfusion MRI was 1.77± 0.62 for the culprit arteries and 3.45 ± 0.78for the non-culprit arteries, respectively (P < 0.001). Theaveraged CFR by Doppler flow wire was 1.72 ± 0.44 inthe culprit arteries and 3.14 ± 0.74 in the non-culpritarteries, respectively (P < 0.001). For both culprit andnon-culprit vessel groups, significant direct correlations wereobserved between MR assessments of MPR and Doppler assessmentsof CFR (culprit artery: R = 0.87, Non-culprit artery: R = 0.86)On Bland–Altman analysis, the mean differences betweenMPR determined by myocardial perfusion MRI and CFR measuredby Doppler wire were 0.05 in culprit arteries (95% limit ofagreement; –0.65 to 0.56) and 0.36 in non-culprit arteries(95% limit of agreement; –1.24 to 0.44). The sensitivityand specificity of MR measurement of MPR for predicting physiologicallysignificant reduction of Doppler CFR (<2) was 88% (95% CI61.7–98.5) and 90% (95% CI 68.3–98.8), respectively. Conclusion: The current results using Doppler flow wire as a reference methoddemonstrated that quantitative analysis of stress–restmyocardial perfusion MRI can provide a non-invasive assessmentof reduced MPR in patients with CAD.     

Thinking outside the box: Use of the pressure wire to assess intracranial large artery stenoses

• A novel study investigating the utility of the 0.014″ diameter pressure wire to assess the hemodynamic significance of intermediate intracranial stenosis.
• Technical aspects of pressure wire positioning across intracranial arteries are described.
• Further research is required to clarify the assessment of pressure gradients in the cerebral circulation and to define the optimal threshold for intervention.

     

血流储备分数在指导冠状动脉多支病变治疗策略中的作用

目的评估冠状动脉造影筛选的冠状动脉多支病变与心肌缺血的关系,阐明血流储备分数（FFR）在指导冠状动脉多支病变治疗策略中的作用。方法纳入96例患者218处冠状动脉病变,根据FFR值分为两组,FFR〉0．80组（113处）及FFR≤0．80组（105处）。结果FFR≤0．80组冠状动脉直径狭窄程度更高[（66．2±10．5）％比（59．1±13．8）％,P〈0．001]、面积狭窄百分比更大[（87．3±7．7）％比（81．44-10．9）％,P〈0．001]、最小管腔直径更小[（0．86±0．36）mm比（1．18±0．49）mm,P〈0．001],上述指标与FFR值无明确相关（相关系数分别为r=-0．286,P〈0．001;r=-0．282,P〈0．001）。冠状动脉最小管腔直径与FFR值呈正相关（r=0．364,P〈0．001）。冠状动脉造影筛选的96例患者中,26例为三支病变,70例为双支病变;经FFR测量后,缺血相关的三支病变10例,两支病变29例,单支病变17例。QCA冠状动脉造影直径狭窄i〉70％,FFR〉0．80的病变为21处（9．6％）;QCA冠状动脉造影直径狭窄〈70％,FFR≤0．80的病变为53处（24．3％）。QCA冠状动脉造影直径狭窄1〉70％,FFR~〈0．80的病变为52处（23．9％）（Matches）;QCA冠状动脉造影直径狭窄〈70％,FFR〉0．80的病变为92处（42．2％）（Matches）。QCA冠状动脉造影面积狭窄I〉70％,FFR〉0．80的病变为89处（40．8％）（Mismatches）;QCA冠状动脉造影面积狭窄≥70％,FFR≤0．80的病变为105处（48．2％）（Matches）;QCA冠状动脉造影面积狭窄〈70％,FFR〉0．80的病变为24处（11．0％）（Matches）。结论FFR在指导冠状动脉多支病变治疗策略中具有重要意义,可显著降低缺血相关靶病变个数。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗老年冠心病

目的　 评价冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病的临床应用价值。　 方法　对 112例 16 8支冠状动脉病变内植入 193只支架。植入左前降支 82只 ,右冠状动脉 6 8只 ,左回旋支 43只。　 结果　支架植入后经冠状动脉造影证实狭窄消失 ,效果良好 ,其中 3 5例急性心肌梗死患者由于急诊植入支架后 ,病情转危为安。 112例患者全部植入成功 ,无 1例发生重要的并发症。　 结论 　冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗冠心病是安全可靠、效果好的介入性治疗技术 ,有良好的应用价值。