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1.
Background
Speech development is frequently impaired in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Few and controversial data have been published on concepts regarding the influence of bilingual education.Aims
The objectives of the current study were to assess the influence of parental bilingualism on speech development and neurodevelopmental outcome in low risk VLBW infants.Study design
Monocentric prospective controlled cohort study with standardized follow-up.Subjects
We recruited 50 singleton VLBW infants each from monolingual and bilingual families as well as 90 term control infants. The infants were free of disease and congenital malformation.Outcome measures
Griffiths scales of infant development at the corrected ages of 6 and 12 months, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II) with 22 months.Results
In general, both bilingual and monolingual VLBW infants achieved age-specific milestones at the corrected age of 6, 12 and 22 months. However, bilingual VLBW infants achieved significantly lower scores than their monolingual peers in all cognitive subscales. The influence of maternal education on the neurodevelopmental outcome of the preterm infants was not significant; the subscales' correlation with socioeconomic or biological parameters was poor. However, a clear differentiation between social status and bilingual environment importance for speech development was not possible.Conclusions
In the setting of the present investigation, parental bilingualism is associated with slower neurodevelopment in VLBW infants during the first 2 years of life. 相似文献2.
Treyvaud K Doyle LW Lee KJ Roberts G Cheong JL Inder TE Anderson PJ 《Early human development》2011,87(6):427-431
Background
Examining rates of difficulties in family functioning following very preterm birth has been a relatively neglected area of research.Aims
To examine family functioning, burden and parenting stress in families with very preterm compared with term born children, and investigate influences of parental mental health problems and child neurodevelopmental disability on family outcomes in families with preterm children.Study design
Participants were 184 very preterm and 71 term children and their parents. Parents completed the Family Assessment Device, Parenting Stress Index and Impact on Family questionnaires when their children were 2 years old (corrected for prematurity). Parental mental health and social risk information were also collected. Children were assessed for neurodevelopmental disability.Results
Families with very preterm children reported poorer family functioning (p = .03) compared with families with term born children, with less evidence for differences between families with very preterm and term born children in parenting stress and family burden. Within very preterm families, parental mental health problems were associated with higher levels of parenting stress (p = .001), and parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disability were more likely to report higher family burden (p = .04).Conclusions
For families with very preterm children, parental mental health symptoms and child neurodevelopmental disability may identify families at risk of greater stress and burden who may benefit from additional support. 相似文献3.
N. Merchant A. Groves D.J. Larkman M.A. Thomson V. Doria T. Arichi D.J. Herlihy L. Srinivasan A. Foran A.D. Edwards J.P. Boardman 《Early human development》2009,85(12):779-783
Background
Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (weight < 1500 g) are increasingly cared for without prolonged periods of positive pressure ventilation (PPV).Aims
To develop a system for 3.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition from VLBW infants who are not receiving PPV, and to test the clinical stability of a consecutive cohort of such infants.Design
Seventy VLBW infants whose median weight at image acquisition was 940 g (590-1490) underwent brain MR imaging with the developed care system as participants in research. Twenty infants (29%) received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), 28 (40%) received supplemental oxygen by nasal cannulae, and 22 (31%) breathed spontaneously in air during the MR examination.Results
There were no significant adverse events. Seventy-six percent had none or transient self-correcting oxygen desaturations. Desaturations that required interruption of the scan for assessment were less common among infants receiving nCPAP (2/20) or breathing spontaneously in air (2/22), compared with those receiving nasal cannulae oxygen (13/28), p = 0.003. Sixty-four (91%) infants had an axillary temperature ≥ 36 °C at completion of the scan (lowest 35.7 °C), There was no relationship between weight (p = 0.167) or use of nCPAP (p = 0.453) and axillary temperature < 36 °C. No infant became hyperthermic.Conclusion
VLBW infants who do not require ventilation by endotracheal tube can be imaged successfully and safely at 3.0 T, including those receiving nCPAP from a customised system. 相似文献4.
Background
Animal studies have shown that postnatal rearing style can modify the association between prenatal stress exposure and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, little is known about how parenting quality impacts the association between maternal prenatal anxiety and development in human infants.Aim
This prospective study examined the impact of maternal prenatal anxiety disorder and maternal caregiving sensitivity on cognitive and psychomotor development in healthy, full-term, 7-month-old infants.Measures
Women completed a clinical interview during the third trimester of pregnancy to assess anxiety symptoms meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. At infant age 7 months, maternal sensitivity to infant distress and non-distress were observed and coded during the still-face procedure. Maternal postnatal (concurrent) anxiety and depression were also assessed at this time. Infant mental and psychomotor development was assessed at infant age 7 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II.Results
Analyses were based on 77 mother-infant dyads. Maternal sensitivity to infant distress moderated the association between maternal prenatal anxiety disorder and infant mental development, F (1, 77) = 5.70, p = .02. Whereas there was a significant positive association between sensitivity and mental development among infants whose mothers were anxious during pregnancy, sensitivity had little impact on mental development among infants of control (non-anxious) women. Results were independent of prenatal depression and postnatal anxiety and depression. A caregiving moderation effect was not found for infant psychomotor development, p > .10.Conclusions
These findings are consistent with a cumulative risk model suggesting that maternal prenatal anxiety and quality of maternal care act in concert to shape infant outcomes. 相似文献5.
Yuge M Marschik PB Nakajima Y Yamori Y Kanda T Hirota H Yoshida N Einspieler C 《Early human development》2011,87(3):231-237
Background
The quality of spontaneous general movements (GMs), assessed in the individual infant, has emerged as one of the most reliable and valid predictors especially of severe neurological impairments.Aims
To implement a more detailed assessment of GMs and co-existing movements and postural patterns in a rehabilitation clinic, and to examine to what extend is the optimality of movements and postures of infants aged 3 to 5 months related to perinatal events and the neurological outcome.Study design
Prospective study of 41 infants (15 boys and 26 girls; 11 infants born preterm) admitted to the Department of Paediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation of the St. Joseph's Hospital in Kyoto (Japan).Outcome measures
Clinical, neurological and psychological status at age 5.Results
Motor optimality at age 3 to 5 months correlated positively with neonatal optimality (r = 0.48, p < 0.01), especially regarding factors associated with hypoxic events. A non-optimal motor performance (lowest possible scores) predicted cerebral palsy with 100% accuracy. Other adverse outcomes such as developmental delays, developmental coordination disorders, pervasive developmental disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder turned out not to be associated with early motor performance. In 13% of cases absence of fidgety movements proved to be false positives, but their normal appearance along with a smooth concurrent motor performance was solely found in infants with a normal neurological development.Conclusion
Assessing the quality of motor performance at age 3 to 5 months considerably improves our ability to identify infants at risk for maldevelopment. 相似文献6.
Josanne Munsters Linda WallströmJohan Ågren Torgny NorstedRichard Sindelar 《Early human development》2012,88(1):21-26
Background
To assess pain or stress in newborn infants submitted to intensive care is important but difficult, as different observational pain scales are not always reliable in premature infants. As an indicator of pain, skin conductance (SC) measurements have detected increased sweating in newborn infants > 28 gestational age (GA) submitted to heel lancing.Objective
To measure SC during heel lancing and routine care in newborn infants, born at 22 to 27 GA, with special relation to postnatal age (PNA).Methods
In six infants < 28 + 0 GA and 4 infants ≥ 28 + 0 GA spontaneous SC activity and behavioural state (Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS)) was measured before, during and after each intervention. Measurements were repeated in each patient at different PNA.Results
Baseline SC prior to intervention took longer time to stabilise and was higher in < 28 than in ≥ 28 + 0 PNA. The combination of heel lancing and squeezing gave an increased SC in < 28 PNA, whereas heel lancing alone gave the same SC response in ≥ 28 + 0 PNA. A possibly continued immature response in SC measurements was not observed. Oral glucose admission prior to heel lancing increased SC. Routine care did not give any changes in SC. Except during orogastric tube placement no signs of discomfort or pain could be detected by the neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale (N-PASS) in < 28 PNA.Conclusion
Changes in SC could be detected in infants at < 28 + 0 PNA and related to the combination of heel lancing and squeezing. A maturational development of the SC was observed in infants born < 28 GA. SC seems to be able to differentiate between pain and discomfort. 相似文献7.
Objective
Adrenal crisis from salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) typically occurs in the first 2 weeks of life. We evaluated 3 infants with adrenal crisis who presented at 6 to 8 months of age with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Subjects
Three 46,XY phenotypic female infants presented near death at 6 to 8 months of age with adrenal crisis and unmeasurable steroid hormones consistent with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH).Methods
We sequenced genes potentially causing this phenotype: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin, and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1). Site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays were performed for the missense mutation.Results
Hormonal values showed complete absence of adrenal and gonadal steroids. Patient 1 was a compound heterozygote for missense mutation R140P and an mRNA splice donor site mutation in the StAR gene. The R140P mutation was wholly inactive in vitro. Patient 2 was homozygous for a 7 base pair StAR deletion causing a frameshift. No mutations were found in Patient 3, suggesting a novel disease.Conclusions
Although genetic disorders of steroidogenesis typically present in the first month of life, some defects, especially those in StAR, can present in mid-infancy, when adrenal hyperplasias are rarely considered. Adrenal insufficiency is a subtle disorder that may cause cardiovascular collapse, causing unexplained infant death that resembles SIDS. 相似文献8.
Cavalier A Picot MC Artiaga C Mazurier E Amilhau MO Froye E Captier G Picaud JC 《Early human development》2011,87(8):537-543
Background
Since the early 90s a striking rise in deformational plagiocephaly (DP) has been reported, and a causal link between the “back to sleep” position recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Recent data suggested that supine position is a risk factor only when combined with other environmental factorsObjective
To evaluate the impact of early intervention in the newborn environment on the prevalence of DP at 4 months of life.Methods
A multicentric, prospective, controlled study in healthy term neonates. Within 72 h of birth, all parents received the usual recommendations for positioning their infants to prevent sudden infant death syndrome. In the Intervention group, recommendations were also given to encourage spontaneous and unhindered physical movement. At 1, 2 and 4 months, we looked for plagiocephaly and collected information on the infants' environment.Results
The environment of the Intervention group (n = 88) was significantly more favorable to unhindered movement than in the control group (n = 51) (lower immobility score, p < 0.01). The prevalence of DP was significantly lower in the Intervention group than in the control group (13% vs. 31%, p < 0.001). For each supplementary hour of immobility during the third and fourth months of life, the risk of DP at four months doubled (OR:2.1[1.4-3.2]).Conclusion
Early postnatal intervention on the maternity ward reduces the prevalence of DP. The recent rise in the incidence of DP could be related to a lack of stimulation and encouragement to physical movement rather than to supine positioning proposed for prevention of sudden infant death syndrome. 相似文献9.
Background
Infants exposed to opioides in-utero frequently demonstrate withdrawal symptoms in the neonatal period and have difficulties with state regulation.Aim
This study examines sleep-wakefulness-distress patterns as indicators of regulatory mechanisms at 3 months of age.Participants
A national infant cohort (N = 35) born to women in high-dose maintenance treatment during pregnancy and a comparison group (N = 36) of low-risk infants born in the same period.Outcome measures
Distributions and frequencies of sleep, wakefulness and distress measured in hours and episodes on sleep charts recorded by the mothers in the two groups.Results
Women in maintenance treatment were monitored closely during pregnancy to avoid illicit drug use and to be prepared for motherhood. They were also offered residential treatment before pregnancy and after the child was born. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in any of the 10 measures reflecting diurnal and nocturnal rhythmicity at 3 months despite of neonatal abstinence syndrome in 47% of the exposed infants and significant differences in infant characteristics with respect to birth weight, gestational age and maternal characteristics.Conclusions
Follow-up procedures combining drug monitoring and counseling during pregnancy and in the first months after birth enhance the development of state regulation in terms of sleep-wakefulness patterns. 相似文献10.
A.M. Piteo R.M. Roberts T. Nettelbeck N. Burns K. Lushington A.J. Martin J.D. Kennedy 《Early human development》2013
Background
Previous research has linked family sleep disruption and dysfunction in children; however, the mechanism is unknown.Aims
This study examined whether maternal sleep and postnatal depression (PND) mediate the relationship between infant sleep disruption and family dysfunction.Study design and participants
Mothers of infants aged 12 months old (N = 111; 48% male) completed infant and parent sleep surveys, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Family Assessment Device.Results
Poor infant sleep was related to poor maternal sleep, which was associated with higher PND and higher level of family dysfunction.Conclusions
Results are consistent with the proposition that identification of both infant and maternal sleep problems during infancy can be relevant to reduction of PND and improved family functioning. 相似文献11.
Tamaru S Kikuchi A Takagi K Wakamatsu M Ono K Horikoshi T Kihara H Nakamura T 《Early human development》2011,87(1):55-59
Background
Very premature infants occasionally have neurodevelopmental disabilities. However, there have been quite limited data on prenatal risk factors associated with their neurodevelopmental outcomes.Aim
To clarify the relationship between prenatal risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very premature infants.Study design
The study design is a retrospective review.Subjects
One hundred seventy Japanese women with a singleton pregnancy and their infants whose birth weight being less than 1500 g were included. We classified those infants into 118 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 52 small for gestational age (SGA) infants.Outcome measures
Infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of corrected age were evaluated by the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (KSPD). We analyzed and compared the infants' outcomes and prenatal risk factors between two groups.Results
Mortality and rate of infants unevaluable by KSPD because of severe impairment were not significantly different between those groups. However, the developmental quotient score of the cognitive-adaptive area in SGA infants born between 25 and 31 weeks of gestation was significantly lower than that in AGA infants randomly selected as gestation-matched controls. More advanced gestational age and heavier birth weight protected against adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in both groups. Moreover, male infants were related to the excess risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the SGA group.Conclusion
In view of the neurodevelopment of the infants, it seems that the most efficient obstetric strategy for improving prognosis of premature infants should be targeted to prolong the pregnancy period as long as the reassuring fetal status and maternal stable health condition are being confirmed. 相似文献12.
C. Rheinlaender 《Early human development》2010,86(2):87-92
Aim
To compare neurodevelopmental results in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants two years after successful or failed cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment with either indomethacin or ibuprofen for a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).Methods
We retrospectively evaluated closure rates and outcome parameters of VLBW infants with hsPDA 89 of whom were treated with indomethacin and 93 with ibuprofen.Results
Indomethacin and ibuprofen therapy groups did not differ in their baseline clinical profile (median gestational age 26.0 and 26.2 wks d) in early (median CRIB 6 and 5, respiratory distress > 2° in 36 and 34 infants) and late morbidities (intraventricular hemorrhage > 2° in 9 and 10 infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 31 and 27 infants, 80 and 85 survivors), PDA closure rates (63 and 58%) or neurodevelopmental outcome. The therapy failure group (54 infants) was characterized by lower median gestational age (25.0 wks d) and higher mortality (17%). No differences were found in the neurodevelopmental outcome of the surviving infants with ligation as compared to the survivors with successful pharmacological closure of the PDA at 24 months corrected age.Conclusion
Use of either ibuprofen or indomethacin for closure of a hsPDA did not influence two year neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants. 相似文献13.
Nonparental care and infant health: do number of hours and number of concurrent arrangements matter?
Objectives
Previous research found that centre-based childcare is related to more illnesses early in life. The goal of this longitudinal study is to determine whether infant health in the first year of life is also related to the amount of time spent in non-parental care and the number of concurrent non-parental care arrangements.Methods
Information on infant health and non-parental care was obtained through monthly maternal interviews across the first year of life. The occurences of respiratory, digestive, general, and skin illnesses and complaints were used as dependent variables, while the number of hours and the number of arrangements per week were used as predictors. Analyses were done separately in infants for whom centre-based childcare is included in their arrangements (n = 107), and for those which it is not (n = 61).Results
Infants spending more hours in non-parental care had more respiratory and general illnesses. Infants who were cared for in more concurrent arrangements had fewer respiratory and general, but more skin illnesses. These results only applied to infants that included centre-based childcare in their arrangements. In the group of infants that did not attend centre-based childcare, health was not related to either the number of hours or the number of arrangements.Conclusions
Number of hours and number of arrangements do matter in relation to infant health early in life, but only for infants who attend centre-based childcare. While more hours were related to more illnesses, more arrangements were related to both fewer and more illnesses, depending on the type of illnesses. 相似文献14.
Claas MJ de Vries LS Koopman C Uniken Venema MM Eijsermans MJ Bruinse HW Verrijn Stuart AA 《Early human development》2011,87(7):495-507
Background
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at risk of impaired postnatal growth. Impaired postnatal growth has been reported to be associated with delayed cognitive and motor development.Aims
To describe postnatal growth patterns of appropriate and small for gestational age (AGA and SGA) ELBW children in relation to their cognitive and motor outcome at age 5.5.Study design
Retrospective cohort study.Subjects
One hundred one children with a BW ≤ 750 g, born between 1996 and 2005 in the University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.Outcome measures
Height (Ht), weight (Wt), occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) at birth, 15 months and 2 years corrected age and 3.5 and 5.5 years.Cognitive and motor outcome at 5.5 years of age, classified as normal (Z-score ≥−1), mildly delayed (−2 ≤ Z-score <−1) or severely delayed (Z-score <−2). AGA (Ht, Wt or OFC at birth ≥−2 SDS) infants were compared with SGA (Ht, Wt or OFC at birth <−2 SDS) infants.Results
Between birth and 5.5 years catch-up growth in Ht, weight for height (Wt/Ht), Wt and OFC was seen in 72.2%, 55.2%, 28.6% and 68.9% respectively of the SGA infants. For AGA infants we found substantial catch-down growth in Ht (15.4%) and Wt (33.8%). Cognitive and motor outcome was normal in 76.2% and 41.6% of the 101 children. A significantly higher percentage of normal cognitive outcome was found in AGA infants with Wt growth remaining at ≥−2 SDS compared to AGA infants with catch-down growth (83% vs 63%). Next, SGA infants who caught-up in OFC had a higher prevalence of normal cognitive outcome compared to SGA infants who did not catch-up in OFC. Furthermore, a higher percentage of severely delayed motor outcome was found in SGA infants without catch-up growth in Wt compared to SGA infants who caught-up in Wt (61.5% vs 32.2%).Conclusions
Catch-up growth in Ht, Wt/Ht and OFC occurred in the majority of the SGA infants with a BW ≤ 750 g, but was less common in Wt. AGA children who remained their Wt at ≥−2 SDS have a better cognitive and motor developmental outcome at 5.5 years of age. Catch-up growth in OFC was associated with a better cognitive outcome at 5.5 years of age. 相似文献15.
van Imhoff DE Dijk PH Hulzebos CV;BARTrial study group Netherlands Neonatal Research Network 《Early human development》2011,87(8):521-525
Background
To prevent severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin neurotoxicity, the American Academy of Pediatrics' management guideline for hyperbilirubinemia in near term infants is used worldwide. A leading guideline for jaundiced preterm infants is lacking whereas the risk on severe hyperbilirubinemia is high in these infants. Our aim was to define uniform treatment thresholds for jaundiced preterm infants. In this article we present the history and a synopsis of this novel national guideline.Study Design
A survey on guidelines for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants was sent to all Dutch Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). After comparison with international guidelines, a new consensus-based guideline was developed.Results
Treatment thresholds of all 10 NICUs were based on Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) and related to birth weight (n = 9) and gestational age (n = 1). NICUs used age-specific (n = 6) or fixed (n = 4) TSB-thresholds resulting in a large range of thresholds (maximal 170 μmol/L for phototherapy and 125 μmol/L for exchange transfusion). Acidosis, asphyxia, sepsis, active hemolysis and intraventricular hemorrhage were the most frequently used risk factors. Consensus was agreed upon TSB-based treatment thresholds, categorized in 5 birth weight groups and divided in high and low risk infants.Conclusion
There was no standardized care for jaundiced preterm infants in the Netherlands. In addition to the internationally used guideline for (near) term infants, a novel “consensus based” guideline for preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks has been developed and implemented in the Netherlands. This guideline is approved and recommended by the Dutch Society of Pediatrics. 相似文献16.
Vitamin D intake during pregnancy: Association with maternal characteristics and infant birth weight
Background
Vitamin D insufficiency is beginning to be recognized as a public health problem. It is plausible that some portion of the lower Vitamin D levels which characterize minority populations is related to diet.Aims
We examined and described total Vitamin D intake during pregnancy from the mean of three 24-hour recalls plus use of dietary supplements.Study design
Prospective cohort.Subjects
2251 low income, minority gravidae from Camden, New Jersey, USA.Outcome measures
Differences in total Vitamin D intake by maternal ethnicity. BMI and other factors (age, parity) and associations of total Vitamin D intake with gestation duration and birth weight adjusted for gestation.Results and conclusions
Total Vitamin D intake was significantly lower for minority gravidae (African American, and Hispanic, mainly Puerto Rican), for parous women, and for women with pregravid BMIs consistent with obesity or being overweight. After control for energy, other nutrients, and other potential confounding variables, total intake of Vitamin D was associated with increased infant birth weight; gravidae below the current adequate intake (< 5 μg/day or 200 IU) had infants with significantly lower birth weights (p < 0.05). Additional intake of Vitamin D may be of importance since higher intake is associated with increased birth weight in a population at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献17.
Sthella Zanchetta Luiz Antônio de L. Resende Lígia M. Rugulo 《Early human development》2010,86(6):385-389
Aims
To determine the occurrence of isolated and recurrent episodes of conductive hearing loss (CHL) during the first two years of life in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).Study design, subjects and outcome measures
In a longitudinal clinical study, 187 children were evaluated at 6, 9, 12, 15 18 and 24 months of age by visual reinforcement audiometry, tympanometry and auditory brain response system.Results
Of the children with BPD, 54.5% presented with episodes of CHL, as opposed to 34.7% of the children without BPD. This difference was found to be statistically significant. The recurrent or persistent episodes were more frequent among children with BPD (25.7%) than among those without BPD (8.3%). The independent variables that contributed to this finding were small for gestational age and a 5 min Apgar score.Conclusions
Recurrent CHL episodes are more frequent among VLBW infants with BPD than among VLBW infants without BPD. 相似文献18.
Bruggink JL Einspieler C Butcher PR Stremmelaar EF Prechtl HF Bos AF 《Early human development》2009,85(1):25-36
Background
Qualitative aspects of the motor repertoire, at 11-16 weeks post-term are predictive for minor neurological dysfunction (MND) at 7 to 11 years of age. Predictive value of quantitative aspects is unknown so far.Aim
To investigate whether quantitative aspects of the motor repertoire between 6 and 24 weeks post-term also have predictive value for neurological outcome at 7 to 11 years of age.Study design
Prospective cohort study.Subjects
Preterm infants from whom several quantitative aspects of the motor repertoire were assessed between 6 and 24 weeks post-term.Outcome measures
Neurological outcome at 7-11 years of age was assessed according to Touwens' neurological examination. Children were classified as neurologically normal, or as having complex MND or cerebral palsy (CP).Results
Eighty-two children were included. At 7 to 11 years of age 15 children (18%) had developed CP, 49 (60%) were neurologically normal, and 18 (22%) had MND. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, when the qualitative aspects of the motor repertoire known to predict neurological outcome were taken into account, only the asymmetric tonic neck (ATN) posture provided additional predictive value. In case of normal fidgety movements (FMs) accompanied by an abnormal concurrent motor repertoire, the presence of an obligatory ATN increased the risk for developing complex MND to 75%; absence of an obligatory ATN reduced the risk to 15% (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Quantitative aspects of the motor repertoire at 11-16 weeks post-term, in particular the presence of an obligatory ATN posture, contribute to the prediction of neurological outcome at 7 to 11 years of age. 相似文献19.
Background
Parental distress following the birth of a premature infant diminishes the parent's ability to be sensitive to the infant's cues, and this may affect infant developmental outcomes.Aims
The present study examined the effects of maternal anxiety during infant hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) on the interactive behavior of mothers with their very low birthweight (VLBW) children in toddlerhood.Subjects
A sample of 56 mothers and their VLBW infants were recruited in the NICU.Study design
During the infant's NICU stay, mothers completed a self-report measure of trait anxiety. These mothers and their infants were followed when the infants were 24 months corrected age, when mothers and their children were videotaped during free play at home. These videotapes were then coded using the Emotional Availability Scales.Results
Maternal anxiety was not found to be related to severity of neonatal illness. Maternal anxiety in the NICU was associated with less sensitivity and less structure in interaction with their toddlers at 24 months corrected age, even controlling for maternal education and child birthweight. Children of mothers with higher anxiety scores in the NICU were less likely to involve their mothers in their play at 24 months corrected age.Conclusions
Maternal anxiety in the NICU predicted adverse interactive behaviors when the children were 24 months corrected age. Early identification of anxious mothers in the NICU is needed in order to initiate preventive intervention to support the mother-infant relationship. 相似文献20.
Tania Siahanidou Alexandra Margeli Filia Apostolakou Eleftheria Roma George Chrousos 《Early human development》2010,86(4):197-201