中国西部5省农村婴儿纯母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的:了解中国西部农村婴儿的母乳喂养现状,探讨影响4个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养的相关因素。方法:利用"2006年中国十省农村7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"资料,选取西部5省的农村婴儿作为研究对象。结果:西部5省农村婴儿母乳喂养率为71.97%;4个月内纯母乳喂养率为52.02%。单因素分析结果显示,影响婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的因素包括婴儿性别、胎数、出生体重、患病情况,父母亲年龄、母亲文化水平和职业、家庭年收入;多因素分析结果显示,双胎、有疾病史、出生体重低、母亲年龄大、母亲文化水平高、家庭年收入高是婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养的危险因素。结论:中国西部5省农村婴儿4个月内纯母乳喂养率较低,受婴儿自身因素、母亲因素和家庭经济因素的影响,应加强孕期保健服务,积极宣传和普及科学喂养知识,提高母亲母乳喂养意识。     

吉安市862例4个月婴儿母乳喂养状况调查分析

目的:了解吉安市4个月婴儿母乳喂养状况。方法:用自制的调查问卷调查862例在吉安市医院儿科住院的患儿。通过母亲或者其他家属的回顾,调查4个月婴儿母乳喂养情况。结果:吉安市4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率、混合喂养率、人工喂养率分别为60.21%、13.80%、25.99%。产妇的常住地、产妇有无产假、母亲主观原因是影响吉安市母乳喂养率的主要因素。结论:4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率较低,应该积极倡导母乳喂养,促进婴儿健康成长。     

贵港市6月龄内婴儿纯母乳喂养现状及影响因素分析

目的了解贵港市6月龄内婴儿的纯母乳喂养现状及影响因素,为提高母乳喂养率提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,以社区为调查地点,对6个月内婴儿母乳喂养现状进行一对一面对面调查方式,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果调查的1 694名婴儿中,纯母乳喂养满6个月的婴儿占8.62%(146名)。纯母乳喂养满4个月不足6个月的婴儿占32.88%(48/146),4个月的婴儿占67.12%(98/146)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,开奶时间24h(OR=3.56,95%CI:2.07～6.12)、无带薪产假(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.01～2.65)、住院期间哺乳有困难(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.02～2.18)是影响婴儿纯母乳喂养的危险因素(P 0.05或0.01)。结论贵港市0～6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率低。     

重庆城区0～4个月婴儿母乳喂养相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响0~4个月婴儿喂养方式及辅食添加的相关因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,对375名儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果:4个月时婴儿纯母乳喂养率为42.1%;影响婴儿母乳喂养的因素包括:父母受教育程度、家庭收入等;健康教育对促进母乳喂养有明显帮助。结论:系统的喂养指导和健康教育是提高母乳喂养率的保证。     

影响母亲持续母乳喂养的因素分析

目的了解0～4个月婴儿母乳喂养的需求和影响母乳喂养的因素。方法应用Logistic回归对429例0～4个月婴儿母乳喂养的相关因素进行分析。结果0～4个月婴儿母乳喂养率为73.20％,其中纯母乳喂养率为35.20％。影响母亲出产院后持续母乳喂养的因素中,坚持按需哺乳呈正相关(P＜0.01),而出产院后给婴儿用过奶瓶、过早给婴儿添加辅食及家庭经济收入呈负相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。结论妇幼保健医生可将按需哺乳、不使用奶瓶、不给0～4个月婴儿过早添加辅食作为社区促进母乳喂养的重点服务内容,使母亲出产院后能够继续获得母乳喂养的有效帮助。     

影响母乳喂养的因素分析

母乳是 4～ 6个月婴儿的最佳食品 ,具有该期间婴儿所需要的全部营养成份。母乳喂养本属于传统的育儿方法 ,但现实中母乳喂养的成功与否常受到多方面因素的影响。为更好地促进母乳喂养工作的开展 ,我们于 1999年～ 2 0 0 0年对六合县 736个婴儿的母乳喂养状况和影响母乳喂养的因素进行了调查 ,现将结果分析如下 :1　资料与方法1.1　对象　随机抽取本县 9个乡镇内所有出生不满 6个月的婴儿。1.2　内容　调查包括一般情况、城乡、不同文化程度、分娩方式、母乳喂养状况以及家庭和社会对母乳喂养的支持情况等。　　喂养方式 :纯母乳喂养指婴儿只…     

影响4个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养的因素分析及护理

目的:探讨影响4个月内婴儿纯母乳喂养的因素及护理措施。方法:对368例婴儿的母乳喂养情况进行调查分析。结果:不论何种分娩方式,产妇接受系统的母乳喂养宣教,综合的护理措施能大大提高母乳喂养成功率。结论:开展系统的宣教,采取正确的护理措施是提高母乳喂养成功率的保证。     

甘肃省农村地区婴儿母乳喂养及其影响因素的调查研究

目的:了解甘肃省农村地区1岁以下儿童4个月以内喂养方式及其影响因素,为改善该地区儿童的喂养现状提供科学依据。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取甘肃省4市县农村地区1岁以下9个年龄组2 691例儿童及其主要抚养人进行喂养方式的问卷调查;用二分类Logistic多元回归筛选儿童喂养方式的影响因素。结果:胎次增加、母亲文化程度较低是4个月内纯母乳喂养的危险因素,产次是纯母乳喂养的保护因素;胎次增加、母亲年龄增加是婴儿母乳喂养的危险因素,产次增加、父母亲职业为农民是母乳喂养的保护因素。部分母乳喂养的4月龄婴儿的低体重率高于完全母乳喂养的婴儿(P=0.003)。结论:母乳喂养受家庭、社会等多方面因素的影响,应有针对性地加强我省农村地区科学喂养方式的健康教育。     

连云港市4个月婴儿喂养现状

目的了解连云港市4个月婴儿纯母乳喂养情况及不能坚持纯母乳喂养的原因。方法选择在院出生的508名婴儿进行调查。结果4个月纯母乳喂养率为44.9%。结论影响纯母乳喂养的最重要因素为产后奶量不足,加强有关母乳喂养的知识教育可大大提高母乳喂养率。     

上海市黄浦区半凇地区婴儿母乳喂养现状调查分析

目的了解目前城市社区婴儿母乳喂养现状及不同喂养方式对婴儿生长发育的影响，更好地宣传母乳喂养。方法对上海市黄浦区半凇地区的436例6个月龄的婴儿喂养状况、生长发育状况、健康状况进行比较，同时对影响乳母泌乳量的可能因素及影响母乳喂养率的因素进行分析。结果本结果显示，本组母乳喂养率为95．6％，但4个月母乳喂养率为77．7％，6个月为47．2％；纯母乳喂养率4个月为32．1％，6个月为22．5％。婴儿的平均断乳时间为（6．37±3．44）个月。3个月后，人工喂养婴儿的患病率增加，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论母乳内含有婴儿所需的各种营养，是婴儿最理想的食物；母乳喂养能促进母婴感情深化，降低婴儿的患病几率。因此，要积极倡导母乳喂养，提高城市社区婴儿母乳喂养率，改善婴儿营养和健康状况，促进儿童的身心发展。     

The role of knowledge about breast-feeding and infant nutrition in selecting the method of feeding

Attitudes and believes towards primipara breast-feeding in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters were examined with a questionnaire survey in 91 cases. The questionnaire included 60 true and false statements about breast-feeding which were placed on a 5-grade Likert scale by the respondents based on to what extent they agreed with the particular statement. Significant differences could be detected in the evaluation of statements between women who stopped breast-feeding before the 6th month and those who did not, according to the appraisal of the next items: 1. If a baby is breast-fed too long it will find it difficult later to detach from its mother and will be less independent. 2. The same kind of relationship can be created with the baby during feeding it from a feeding bottle as during breast-feeding. 3. The baby has to be prevented from falling asleep during breast-feeding and has to be made active again with gentle pinches. 4. If the baby falls asleep during breast-feeding, it will suckle poorly. 5. The baby can be easily made give up crying at night, if it does not get used to being taken into its mother's arms. 6. The father is excluded from the intimate relationship formed during breast-feeding. The correction of these false beliefs can extend the time of breast-feeding.     

Attitudes of breast-feeding mothers: a survey of 649 mothers

A consecutive sample of 1525 mothers were interviewed in hospital after delivery and breast-feeders were interviewed again 12 months later at home. This paper examines the attitudes of mothers to their breast-feeding experience in terms of their enjoyment, satisfaction, embarrassment, how they would choose to feed their next baby should they have one and whether they would encourage their friends to breast-feed. Mothers' attitudes to breast-feeding were strongly associated with the number of children they had, how definite they had been during pregnancy about wanting to breast-feed, the problems they encountered whilst establishing breast-feeding and how embarrassing they found breast-feeding. The length of time mothers breast-fed was also closely associated with the views they expressed concerned breast-feeding.     

Do Italian university birthing centers promote starting breast-feeding?

This study reports the results of an Italian sampling survey carried out in 1999 on the evaluation of the support and the information activities offered to women who delivered with specific regard to breast-feeding. 1986 women have been interviewed. The response rate was 95%. Ninety-four percent of the sample reported a positive attitude among breast-feeding, but only 80% breastfed her baby during hospital stay. Moreover only 31% had the opportunity to start breast-feeding immediately after birth. Around 50% of women reported the quality of the hospital support as inadequate. The authors conclude that, even in the light of the present Italian law, much more could and should be done in order to promote and support women in breast-feeding.     

探讨COMBI模式在四川“5·12”地震极重灾区纯母乳喂养健康教育中的运用

目的探讨运用Communication-for-Behavioural-Impact(COMBI)方法对四川地震极重灾区孕产妇进行健康教育,观察其对提高0～6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率的影响。方法运用COMBI模式,促进灾区0～6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养项目的实施。结果实施COMBI开展健康教育后,地震极重灾区0～6月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率普遍提高,实现项目预期目标。结论应用COMBI模式开展健康教育取得显著成效,积累了有效经验。COMBI区别于传统健康教育模式,值得推广。     

Breast-feeding and weight change in newborns in Jamaica

This study was conducted to examine weight change of exclusively breast-fed infants during the first week and through the first 24 days of life, and to evaluate the effect of breast-feeding factors and maternal characteristics on early weight change in the infants. The weights of 21 infants were recorded on day 1 (day of birth), and on days 3, 7, 10, 17, and 24, and the data analysed to evaluate weight change over the period. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess whether birth weight as well as maternal and breast-feeding factors were significant predictors of weight on day 24. Nineteen of the 21 infants gained weight between days 1 and 3, and 20 infants gained weight between days 3 and 7. All infants gained weight over the 24-day period and their weights at day 7 and day 24 were significantly different (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) from their birth weights. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that significant (P < 0.01) predictors of weight gain by day 24 included birth weight, mother's educational level, whether the baby cried before feeding, and length of feeding time periods. This is the first study of weight change in the early days and weeks of life of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants in Jamaica. The infants showed significant weight gain during the study period and weight gain was affected by certain maternal and breast-feeding factors.     

Breast-feeding and infant illness: a dose-response relationship?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether breast-feeding has a dose-related protective effect against illness and whether it confers special health benefits to poor infants. METHODS: The association between breast-feeding dose and illnesses in the first 6 months of life was analyzed with generalized estimating equations regression for 7092 infants from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Breast-feeding dose (ratio of breast-feedings to other feedings) was categorized as full, most, equal, less, or no breast-feeding. RESULTS: Compared with no breast-feeding, full breast-feeding infants had lower odds ratios of diarrhea, cough or wheeze, and vomiting and lower mean ratios of illness months and sick baby medical visits. Most breast-feeding infants had lower odds ratios of diarrhea and cough or wheeze, and equal breast-feeding infants had lower odds ratios of cough or wheeze. Full, most, and equal breast-feeding infants without siblings had lower odds ratios of ear infections and certain other illnesses, but those with siblings did not. Less breast-feeding infants had no reduced odds ratios of illness. Findings did not vary by income. CONCLUSIONS: Full breast-feeding was associated with the lowest illness rates. Minimal (less) breast-feeding was not protective. Breast-feeding conferred similar health benefits in all economic groups.     

Preventive health behaviours among parents of infants aged four months

Abstract: Six preventive health behaviours have been frequently identified as having the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity during infancy: breast-feeding until the age of six months; no solid food until after four months of age; immunisation against whooping cough, diphtheria, poliomyelitis and tetanus; the use of a baby capsule to restrain the infant when travelling in a motor vehicle; regular attendance at a health care provider for preventive health checks; and no maternal smoking. This study surveyed 191 primiparous women four months after the birth of their babies to explore the proportion of parents who perform the recommended preventive health behaviours and the association among the behaviours. Thirty-nine per cent of the women reported that they were no longer breast-feeding by the time their infant was four months old; 35 per cent had introduced solids before 16 weeks of age; 35 per cent did not always use a baby capsule when travelling with their baby in their car; 25 per cent did not regularly attend the early childhood health centres and 22 per cent smoked. Forty-eight per cent of the sample were performing four or fewer of the six preventive health behaviours and 21 per cent were performing three or fewer. The relationship between performing each preventive health behaviour and a range of demographic variables was investigated. A logistic regression indicated that performing three or fewer of the health behaviours was associated with lower levels of education, having public health insurance and being born in a country other than Australia.     

母婴同室婴儿状况调查与分析(附508例报告)

本文总结了1994年7月4日～10月4日在我院产科分娩的508例活产新生儿与母同室,除1例患先天性食道闭锁外其余全部实行母乳喂养,其中纯母乳喂养506例,中比例母乳喂养1例,象征性母乳喂养0例;住院期间体重都有不同程度增加.与1993年同期住院新生儿(母婴分室)患病情况进行了比较有明显下降。因此必须大力提倡母婴同室,母乳喂养。     

Counseling and motivational videotapes increase duration of breast-feeding in African-American WIC participants who initiate breast-feeding

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative effects introducing motivational videotapes and/or peer counseling in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics serving African-American women have on breast-feeding duration. DESIGN: Experimental intervention study. Pregnant women were enrolled at or before 24 weeks gestation and were followed up until postpartum week 16. Women were interviewed at enrollment, 7 to 10 days, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks postpartum. SUNJECTS/SETTING: One hundred fifteen African-American WIC participants who initiated breast-feeding and who had been enrolled in 1 of 4 clinics. INTERVENTION: Two-by-two factorial design, in which 4 clinics were randomly assigned to receive either no intervention, a motivational video package intervention, a peer-counseling intervention, or both interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Breast-feeding duration in weeks and relative risk ratios for breast-feeding cessation before 16 weeks postpartum. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Contingency table analysis, including chi2 tests and log-rank tests; multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: A higher proportion of women were breast-feeding at 8 and 16 weeks postpartum in the intervention clinics than in the control clinic. The proportion of women reporting breast-feeding declined at 8 and 16 weeks postpartum, but the rate of decline was slower in the 3 intervention clinics than in the control clinic. Being younger than 19 years of age or older than 25 years of age, having a male infant, and returning to work or school all negatively affected breastfeeding duration, whereas previous breast-feeding experience positively influenced breast-feeding duration. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: WIC-based peer counselor support and motivational videos can positively affect the duration of breast-feeding among African-American women. WIC nutritionists and other health professionals in contact with this population should expand their efforts toward promoting increased duration of breast-feeding.     

健康教育路径对术后母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的影响

目的:研究健康教育路径对术后母婴分离产妇母乳喂养的影响。方法:将160例剖宫产母婴分离产妇随机分为实验组和对照组各80例,对照组采用传统健康教育方式,实验组按照健康教育路径进行健康教育。观察两组产妇母乳喂养知识与技能掌握优秀率、泌乳始动率、泌乳量以及产后4个月纯母乳喂养率。结果:实验组产妇出院时母乳喂养知识与技能掌握优秀率增高、泌乳始动时间提前,泌乳量增多以及产后4个月纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:健康教育路径可以提高术后母婴分离产妇掌握母乳喂养知识与技能,促进母乳喂养成功。