住院医师导师考核评价量表的信度与效度研究△

目的：测评住院医师导师考核评价量表的信度和效度。方法：量表信度采用内部信度Cronbachα系数进行测量;效度检验采用内容效度进行测量。结果：信度分析三级指标的Cronbach系数均在0.6~0.8之间,内部信度较好;内容效度系数为 0.822。结论：住院医师导师考核评价量表具有良好的信度与效度,是研究住院医师导师遴选、培训、考核评价的重要工具。     

医院组织文化与医院变革态度量表效度与信度测评

目的:对组织文化量表和组织变革态度量表进行效度和信度测评。方法:以上海市某医院行政部门员工为研究对象,进行问卷调查。运用因子分析、信度分析对量表进行效度和信度测评。结果:组织文化量表经因子分析后抽得三个因子,分别是科层型文化、支持型文化和创新型文化;组织变革态度量表经因子分析后抽得五个因子,分别是变革参与及配合、竞争力与管理运作效率、变革适应顾虑、政策沟通顾虑和权益保障顾虑,量表的结构效度与理论模式基本吻合;总量表及各分量表的内部一致性系数均在0.7以上。结论:组织文化和组织变革态度量表的效度与信度良好,可以作为相关领域研究的测量工具。     

新型农村合作医疗满意度测评量表研究

目的为考核地方各级部门管理绩效提供明确的指标与有效测量工具。方法自行编制满意度测评量表,并用Cronbach’s alpha系数和因子分析对量表进行信度和效度检验。结果量表各向度、信度均属于中度或高度,总条目的Cronbach’s alpha系数为0.7348;因子分析表明调查量表包括6个领域,与专业理论大体一致;应用AMOS8.0软件对调查数据进行拟合,验证量表量的结构效度,分析结果显示拟合效果良好。结论该量表具有较好的信度和效度,可用做新型农村合作医疗满意度测量工具,应用于新型农村合作医疗的绩效评价研究。     

学习障碍筛查量表的修订与评价

目的 对国外“学习障碍筛查量表(PRS)”进行了翻译和修订,旨在为我国学习障碍儿童的筛查提供简便的工具.方法 对原量表进行了翻译修改,并对不同版本作了项目检验,以整群抽样方式测评了1047名小学生,其后进行了信度和效度检验.结果 该量表各项目得分呈常态,与原量表结构相符,其信度和效度在可接受范围内.因素分析后从量表中抽出三个主因素,即言语因素、操作因素和社会适应因素,其权重项目数同于原版量表.广州市区学习障碍儿童筛出率为8.3%,男高于女.结论　PRS量表过价较理想,适于国内团体测评,适于筛查和教育评价使用.     

《大学生预防艾滋病知识与能力》调查问卷信度与效度分析

目的评价自行设计《大学生预防艾滋病知识与能力》调查问卷的信度和效度。方法随机选择天津外国语学院205名大学生作为调查对象,并对同一人群进行2次问卷调查,计算该问卷的内部一致性、重测信度和结构效度。结果该问卷的6个模块中,大部分模块Cronbach’s系数>0.6,70%的题目重测一致率在0.7或Spearman等级相关系数>0.4。结构效度较好,11个公因子可解释问卷全部内容的60%。结论该问卷的信度和效度较好,可用于评价大学生预防艾滋病知识与能力水平。     

中国公共卫生专业学生伤害预防核心能力问卷信效度分析

分析中国公共卫生专业学生伤害预防核心能力指标问卷的信、效度,为中国公共卫生专业学生提供可靠的伤害预防能力评价工具.方法 方便抽取中国华北、东北及中南地区8 所高校公共卫生学院的毕业班本科生及一至三年级硕士生共1 183 名作为调查对象.信效度分析共分为项目分析、信度检验及效度检验3 个方面.其中项目分析采用同质性检验及决断值检验; 信度检验采用Cronbach α 系数及重测信度检验; 效度检验采用验证性因子分析进行结构效度检验.结果 项目分析结果中同质性检验的相关系数在0.58~ 0.82 之间,31 个题项决断值检验的高分与低分差异均有统计学意义(P 值均<0.01); 信度检验中问卷的整体Cronbach α 系数为0.98,各个维度的Cronbach α 系数区间为0.91 ~ 0.94,各个维度的重测相关系数得分在0.71~ 0.77 之间,且均有统计学意义(P 值均<0.01); 结构效度检验的验证性因子结果为: χ2 /df = 3.89,良适性适配指标为0.92,调整后良适性适配指标为0.89,渐进残差均方和平方根为0.05,比较适配指标为 0.97,临界样本数为339.结论 中国公共卫生专业学生伤害预防核心能力指标问卷具有良好的信效度,可以用于公共卫生专业学生的伤害预防能力评估.     

简体中文版皮肤病生活质量指标信度和效度初探

目的 评价简体中文版皮肤病生活质量指标(DLQI)量表的信度和效度。方法 对就诊皮肤科门诊的236例患者进行DLQI量表的测量,并计算其分值,用可靠性分析和因子分析进行评估。结果 DLQI量表克伦巴赫系数为0.87,折半信度为0.85,各维度之间相关性较高为0.4024～0.6569,因子分析发现单因素能够代表DLQI量表的大多数因子。结论 DLQI量表为简单有效的皮肤病生活质量测评工具,且具有较好的信度和效度。     

基于经典测量理论和概化理论的口腔癌生存质量量表的研制与测评

目的研制口腔癌患者生命质量量表,并应用经典测量理论和概化理论对其进行考评。方法对268例符合纳入标准的口腔癌患者进行问卷调查,采用相关分析、因素分析及G研究和D研究(概化理论分析)对量表的信度和效度进行测评。结果相关分析及探索性因子分析显示该量表具有良好的结构效度,该量表总分的重测信度为0. 853,克朗巴赫系数为0. 942,Spearman-Brown系数为0. 900,Guttman分半信度系数为0. 857,以UWQOL为效标,两量表总分之间的Spearman-Brown系数为0. 732(P 0. 05),概化系数(Eρ~2)和可靠性指数(Φ)根据方差分量估计进一步证实了该量表的信度。结论该口腔癌生存质量量表具有良好的信度、效度,可以作为口腔癌患者生存质量的测评工具,并且该量表有进一步改进的空间。     

与作息安排相结合的青少年3日体力活动记录工具效度研究

采用体力活动客观测量工具加速度计作为效标,研制适合中国青少年的三日体力活动记录工具,并进行信效度研究,为有效调查中国青少年体力活动提供参考.方法 抽取北京市某校初高中148名12~17岁青少年(男生70名,女生78名).记录工具与ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计一同发放,1周后统一回收加速度计和记录工具.再次发放记录工具填写进行信度检验.通过分析记录工具和加速度计体力活动水平的Spearman相关系数和Bland-Altman图来评价效度,通过组内相关系数评价信度.结果 记录工具结果同加速度计测量值之间的Spearman系数处于0.246~0.557之间(P<0.05).Bland-Altman的一致性分析显示中强度、高强度、中高强度体力活动结果的一致性分别为94.59%,95.27%,93.24%,具有较高的效度.2次测量的平均每天代谢当量总分的组内相关系数系数均大于0.7,表明该记录工具的信度较好.结论 3d体力活动记录工具具有较好的可靠性和有效性,可用于青少年的日常体力活动大样本调查.     

学习障碍筛查量表的修订与评价

目的 对国外“学习障碍筛查量表（ＰＲＳ）”进行了翻译和修订，旨在为我国学习障碍儿童的筛查提供了简便的工具。方法 对原量表进行了翻译修改，并对不同版本作了项目检验，以整群抽样方式测评了１０４７名小学生，其后进行了信度和效度检验。结果 该量表各项目得分呈常态，与原量表结构相符，其信度和效度在可接受范围内，因素分析后从量表中抽出三个主要因素，即言语因素、操作因素和社会适应因素，其权重项目数同于原版量表。     

Public health preparedness and response capacity inventory validity study.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Practice Program Office has issued a Public Health Preparedness and Response Capacity Inventory to help state and local public health systems assess their progress towards achievement of the critical capacities and benchmarks specified in the federal Supplemental Funds for Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism. The criterion validity of the capacity inventory was assessed by comparing selected state and local agency responses with documentation provided by the agencies to corroborate their answers. Content validity assessment took the form of a mailed survey that also identified the most important questions from the perspective of a separate set of state and local officials. Responses generally upheld the validity of the capacity inventory, although circumstantial threats to validity were identified in the testing process. The instrument's use has been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by approximately half the states and over 800 local public health entities. An interactive electronic version includes a scoring mechanism that allows agencies to judge progress towards the critical capacities and benchmarks over time.     

Reliability of occupational therapists in determining safe, maximal lifting capacity

Determination of an individual's lifting capacity is an important component in Functional Capacity Evaluation, which is widely used to delineate potential for work. Despite a recent surge in the number and types of Functional Capacity Evaluations, and therefore in approaches to determining lifting capacity, there has been limited research to support the reliability and validity of their use. This study evaluated the inter-rater reliability of five occupational therapists in determining safe maximal lifting capacity using a biomechanical approach. In addition, the use of an operational definition of a safe lift was examined to determine its effect on therapists' decision-making process and therefore the reliability of their ratings. The use of an operational definition was found to significantly affect therapists' decision-making process in differentiating safe from unsafe lifts, with all raters showing highly significant improvements in their ability to determine the safety of lifts from pre- to postdefinition ratings, according to McNemar's χ ² statistic. The provision of a definition also enhanced therapists' reliability of ratings, with kappa values that ranged from 0.47 to 0.74 predefinition changing to 0.56–0.82 postdefinition. Possible explanations for the change in decision-making are discussed and the need for ongoing evaluation of procedures used in Functional Capacity Evaluation, particularly with regard to the determination of lifting capacity, are highlighted.     

The Comprehensive Prevention Knowledge and Applications Survey Instrument: its validity and reliability

Because the instruments used to measure current practices among primary care physicians in a broad range of prevention activities are limited, we developed a study to test a tool that would evaluate current prevention knowledge and applications, including items regarding activities to prevent AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The Comprehensive Prevention Knowledge and Applications Survey Instrument measures knowledge, counseling capabilities, and use of recommended applications in preventive medicine. We designed and tested a 74-item instrument. Four recognized experts in preventive medicine and public health determined its content validity. We then proceeded with reliability testing with a random sample of 315 family physicians and replicated it with an additional 432 physicians for stability reliability. Internal consistency reliability and stability reliability have both been demonstrated for this instrument.     

Country watch: The Philippines

This article describes the efforts of local Philippine HIV/AIDS programs to widen their reach and sustain their efforts. The model assumes that the engagement of an ever larger number of institutions that understand HIV/AIDS issues and are committed to prevention and care will help foster safer sexual behavior. The Philippines HIV/AIDS Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Support Program (PHANSuP), with the support of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, developed skills and strategies workshop sessions. This pilot training program builds and strengthens local NGO capacity and partnerships between sectors. The Alliance in 1993 raised funds for PHANSuP, and PHANSuP supported local NGOs, including the Olangapo City AIDS Foundation (OCAFI). OCAFI was forced to stretch the new funding over a longer period and agreed to be a resource for a wide variety of local institutions rather than a single AIDS project. In this way, resources were complementary and more broadly distributed. OCAFI built partnerships with a variety of institutions ranging from the local Rotary Club to the casino. The result was wider financial, political, and practical support in Olangapo City, and improved access to vulnerable groups. The pilot program proved that local NGOs could reduce their dependency on PHANSuP financial support. The links between NGOs and government health services have led to a wider reach of the education programs and the use of mass media. PHANSuP has developed several initiatives to promote the view that partnerships between different sectors are possible and that sustainability is possible. Programs must sell themselves to the local community, which in turn will support the programs.     

医护学生艾滋相关歧视量表的初步编制与评价

目的初步编制医护学生艾滋相关歧视量表,并评价其信度和效度。方法通过查阅文献,在医务人员艾滋相关歧视量表基础上编制医护学生艾滋相关歧视量表。并用初步编制的量表调查449名南通大学医护学生。采用应答率分析、临界比检验、相关分析及因子分析法删除条目。克朗巴赫仅（Cronbach’s α）系数和哥德曼分半信度（GuttmanSplit—Half）系数评价量表信度。因子分析和相关分析评价量表效度。结果通过条目删除后终量表保留19个条目,共5个因子综合反映回避、泄密、污名和恐惧4个维度,累计贡献率为62．21％。各条目与其所在维度的斯皮尔曼（Spearman）相关系数均〉0．5。各维度与总分的Spearman相关系数介于0．489～0．743之间。量表Cronbach’s α系数为0．849,GuttmanSplit—Half系数为0．906。各个维度的Cronbach’s仪介于0．769～0．899之间。结论医护学生艾滋相关歧视量表具有较好的信度和效度,可作为今后研究医护学生艾滋相关歧视的测量工具。     

《大众预防艾滋病相关知识态度行为调查问卷》信度、效度分析

目的评价通过Delphi法形成的《大众预防艾滋病相关知识态度行为调查问卷》的信度、效度。方法将研制的《大众预防艾滋病相关知识态度行为调查问卷》，应用于人群调查，通过问卷调查结果，分析问卷的信度、效度。结果共选出19个指标，用于评价大众艾滋病相关知识的掌握情况及其对艾滋病感染者的正确态度持有情况。19个指标的相关系数在0．370-0．809之间，其中15个指标的Spearman相关系数均大于0．5，P值均小于0．01。问卷各部分及问卷总体Cronbacha系数、分半信度在0．387-0．620之间。对19个指标进行因子分析，产生7个公共因子，它们总共能够解释总体方差的69．30％。19个指标因子负荷在0．450-0．899之间，均大于0．40的基本要求。结论本问卷信度、效度符合要求，问卷具有较好的稳定性和内在一致性。     

湖北省民间组织参与艾滋病防治工作能力提高模式探索

目的探索湖北省民间组织（简称NGO）参与艾滋病防治工作的策略与方法，提出在当前形势下加快NGO参与艾滋病防治工作能力提高的模式。方法湖北省预防医学会发放统一问卷，组织相关NGO填报；个别访谈NGO负责人或艾滋病防治专家，并开展培训活动；根据NGO的不同优势筛选有潜力、有牵头示范作用的12个NGO，分成A、B两组以两种不同策略参与项目的初步实践进行试点对比试验，选择最佳模式。结果全省56个相关NGO主要分布在武汉、襄樊、宜昌、孝感、黄冈、咸宁等地；A、B两组试点分别采取策略1与策略2后，工作能力均有提高，其中试点A更为显著。结论NGO通过“培训与教育——交流与访问——指导与教练——自我学习与自我评价——评估与反馈——员工参与——寻求外部建议——建立学习型组织”的基本方式，按照“基线调查→深入访谈→广泛培训→筛选性参与实践→小额资助→监督指导→总结评估→交流研讨”的策略途径，作为当前NGO能力提高的最佳模式。     

中文版艾滋病歧视量表在流动人口中的应用

目的测试中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表的性能,了解流动人口对艾滋病相关知识、歧视态度情况,为进一步开展艾滋病反歧视干预工作提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,抽样调查浙江省绍兴县18岁及以上、非本地户口、在绍兴县居留或工作3个月及以上的流动人口。采用中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表测量流动人口艾滋病歧视的现状。采用Cronbach’s α系数和因子分析评价中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表的信度和效度。结果现场面对面调查了250名流动人口,回收有效问卷244份,有效率为97．6％。流动人口平均年龄（29．9±8．2）岁,男性165人（67．6％）,女性79人（32．4％）。艾滋病歧视量表四个维度的Cronbach’s α系数均不低于0．7,也大于其他领域的相关系数,说明量表的内部一致性良好;提取的5个公因子共解释了58．75％的总方差,除条目13外,其余条目组成的4个公因子与原量表的结构完全一致。流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓率为61．1％,艾滋病相关知识水平与歧视程度呈明显负相关。结论中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表在流动人口中具有良好的信度和效度,可通过普及艾滋病相关知识降低甚至消除歧视,减缓艾滋病的流行。     

Can Communities Assess Support for Preventing Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use? Reliability and Validity of a Community Assessment Inventory*

This study examines the reliability and validity of the Youth Support Inventory, a tool designed for community coalitions to assess the availability of local resources and supports that previous research indicates are important for preventing adolescent alcohol and other drug use. Citizen members in 17 community coalitions completed the inventory. In tests of validity, a higher score (i.e., more community support) was associated with less adolescent alcohol use. In tests of reliability, the inventory was reduced from 55 to 40 items (α= .71 ). Of the prevention strategies identified by the coalition, 94% addressed resources the local assessment indicated were not extensively available in the community.