急性白血病红细胞免疫功能的研究

目的 研究红细胞免疫与小儿急性白血病的关系。方法 对13例小儿急性白血病并与20例健康同龄儿童作对照,对其进行红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC－C3bRR)及免疫复合物（RBC－ICR）和红细胞免疫调节因子进行测定。结果 急性白血病患儿RBC－C3bRR和红细胞免疫调节因子促进因子（RFER）与正常对照组比较P均＜0．01,而红细胞免疫复合物和其免疫调节抑制因子与正常对照组比较P均＜0．05。结论 小儿急性白血病患儿红细胞免疫功能低下。     

急性白血病患儿血浆内皮素的变化及其临床意义

内皮素（ＥＴ）被发现迄今不足１０年,但已证明它具有很多重要的生理作用。近年发现,ＥＴ对血小板功能、纤维蛋白溶解、凝血系统都有一定影响。我们检测４５例急性白血病（ＡＬ）患儿的血浆ＥＴ浓度,探讨其在ＡＬ患儿中的变化及其临床意义。研究对象：１ＡＬ组：系１...     

小儿急性白血病治疗前后机体细胞免疫的变化

白血病是造血细胞在某一分化、发育阶段呈恶性克隆的增殖性疾病,这种分化障碍和恶性增殖与机体免疫监视功能降低有关,其中细胞免疫在机体的免疫调节和抗肿瘤免疫中具有十分重要的作用.     

急性白血病患儿血浆总胆固醇变化的临床意义

为探讨急性白血病患儿血浆总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）变化的临床意义,测定急性白血病患儿初发９２例、完全缓解５６例血浆Ｔｃｈ水平,与正常对照组６０例比较;对４４例急性白血病患儿,完全缓解前后血浆Ｔｃｈ变化进行比较。结果：初发期较正常对照Ｔｃｈ明显偏低,比完全缓解组亦偏低;而完全缓解组与正常对照组血浆Ｔｃｈ无差异;完全缓解后Ｔｃｈ较缓解前明显上升。结果表明,血浆Ｔｃｈ水平在急性白血病患儿诊断、疗效判断及病情监测均有重要临床意义。     

急性白血病患儿血清铁指标的变化

目的 探讨白血患儿血清铁指标变化，了解白血病患儿铁代谢状况。方法 血清铁蛋白（SF）测定采用化学发光法；转铁蛋白（Tf）测定采用比浊法；血清铁（SI）测定采用火焰法。结果 1．SF在急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、急性髓性白血病（AML）初治组显著地正常对照组（P＜0．01）；经4周化疗完全缓解组ALL、AML与初治组无显著差异（P＞0．05）；ALL长期缓解组接受正常（P＞0．05），AML缓解前后SF高于ALL（P＜0．05）。2．ALL、AML初始组Tf显著低于正常对照组（P＜0．01），ALL与AML间无显著差异（P＞0．05），经4周化疗完全缓解组ALL、AML与初治组无显著差异（P＞0．05）；ALL长期缓解与正常对照组无差别（P＞0．05）。3．ALL、AML及缓解前后SI均无明显变化。4．上述各项指标与患者血红蛋白之间无显著相关关系。结论 白血病患儿存在体铁代谢紊乱，而不存在铁缺乏。     

急性白血病患儿血浆内皮素变化及其临床意义的探讨

目的　 探讨AL患儿血浆ET变化的临床意义。方法 　采用放射免疫法检测2 0例健康儿童和 41例急性白血病 (AL)患儿血浆内皮素 (ET)水平。结果 　急性白血病发病组血浆ET平均值为 95 .15ng/L ,明显高于健康儿童对照组 3 9.95ng/L(P <0 .0 1)。经化疗缓解后血浆ET平均值降至正常水平 (3 8.3 0g/L) ,明显低于未缓解组血浆ET平均值 95 .15ng/L(P <0 .0 1)。AL患儿血浆ET值与骨髓白血病细胞数量呈正相关 (r=0 .93 89,P <0 .0 1) ,结论 　动态观察患儿血浆ET水平对判断急性白血病的病情与预后有重要意义。     

急性粒细胞白血病患儿免疫表型及其临床意义

目的探讨儿童急性粒细胞白血病（AML）免疫分型及其临床意义。方法总结81例儿童AML的免疫表型与FAB分类、1个月骨髓缓解（CR）率及3年无病生存（EFS）率的关系。结果AML儿童1个月CR率为71.6%,3年EFS率为50.8%。HLA-DR缺失,CD34缺失主要见于急性早幼粒细胞白血病（M3）型,阴性患儿CR、EFS率明显高于阳性患儿。CD13阳性患儿的CR明显高于缺失患儿。CD33缺失在M2型中多见,特别是ETO阳性患儿。除外M3病例后分析,CD33缺失患儿的CR率明显高于阳性患者。淋系抗原表达率占34.6%,其中CD7阳性者CR率、EFS率均低于对照组,但无统计学差异。CD56与FAB分型中M2型有显著相关性,其CR率、EFS率均低于对照组。结论HLA-DR、CD34缺失主要见于M3型,是预后良好的指标。CD33缺失多见于M2型中ETO阳性患儿,预后好。淋系抗原、CD56表达多见于M2型,可能是预后差的指标。     

128例急性白血病患儿输血治疗与复发的关系

输血是小儿白血病的重要支持治疗手段。随着输血医学及免疫学的发展,输血与肿瘤预后的关系受到人们越来越多的关注。现就我科１９８８～１９９４年间收治的１２８例急性白血病患儿的资料进行回顾性总结,探讨输注异体全血（简称输血）与白血病首次复发之间的关系。临床资料：１－病例：１２８例白血病均经骨髓细胞学及组织化学染色,部分病例进行免疫学和染色体检查,根据１９８６年和１９９３年全国小儿急性白血病诊疗建议制定的标准确诊为急性白血病。其中急性淋巴细胞白血病（简称急淋,ＡＬＬ）１０８例,高危急淋（ＨＲＡＬＬ）４９…     

急性白血病患儿血清白细胞介素—3的变化

目的　探讨急性白血病 (AL)血清白细胞介素 3(IL 3)的变化及意义。方法　采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL 3。结果　急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)初治组为 195 .83± 10 8.2 5 pg/ml,急性髓性白血病 (AML)初治组 5 0 3.18± 193.0 1pg/ml,正常对照组 192 .5± 93.2 5pg/ml。ALL初治组与正常对照组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,AML初治组显著高于正常组 (P <0 .0 1)和ALL初治组 (P <0 .0 1) ;4周化疗完全缓解(CR)组ALL为 184.6 4± 75 .92 pg/ml,与初治组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。CR组AML为 393.0 0± 117.77pg/ml,与初治组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;ALL长期缓解组为 175 .77± 91.5 6pg/ml,与 4周缓解组及正常对照组比较均无差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　血清IL 3可能与ALL的发病无明显相关 ,而参与了AML的病理生理及疾病过程     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿血清唾液酸变化的探讨

唾液酸（sialic acid,SA)是9碳糖神经氨酸衍生物的总称，它位于糖蛋白，糖脂结构的未端，是细胞膜的重要成分，参与细胞表面的多种生理功能，研究表明，细胞膜糖蛋白和糖脂的改与肿瘤的侵入和破坏行为有关。唾液酸对于维护细胞表面的功能起着决定性的作用，地多种疾病的诊断，疗效观察及预后具有重要意义，为探讨急性淋巴细胞性白血清唾液酸的变化，本文做了如下一组报告并与正常对照组比较，现将结果报告如下。     

急性白血病患儿血清转铁蛋白受体检测及意义

目的　探讨急性白血病患儿血清转铁蛋白受体 (sTfR)的变化及其临床意义。方法　采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定sTfR。结果　急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)初治组 (2 4例 ) 2 4 .73± 1 2 .38nmol/L ,急性髓性白血病 (AML)初治组 (1 1例 ) 2 7.0 9± 1 9.37nmol/L ,正常对照组 (2 0例 ) 30 .49± 9.78nmol/L。三者无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;经 4周化疗ALL完全缓解组 (1 4例 )为 55 .41± 2 2 .0 1nmol/L ,AML(5例 )为 50 .71± 2 0 .99nmol/L ,显著高于初治组及正常组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;第 8周末ALL(1 0例 )为 33 .0 7± 1 4 .2 7nmol/L ,AML(5例 )为30 .99± 1 2 .90nmol/L ,接近正常水平 (P >0 .0 5) ;ALL长期缓解组 (1 3例 )为 33 .0 7± 1 6 .1 1nmol/L ,与正常对照组无差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　sTfR在小儿急性白血病治疗前后有显著变化 ,对诊断及治疗效果的评价有一定参考意义。     

急性白血病患儿中性粒细胞减少合并感染诊治分析

中性粒细胞减少症合并感染是儿童急性白血病(A L)化疗的主要并发症之一,尽管有效的抗感染药物、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G C SF)及其他支持疗法,大大降低了死亡率,但仍严重危害患儿的生命犤1～2犦。临床上大约30%的患儿可发现明确的病原体,主要是细菌、真菌和病毒。但大部分患儿找不到病原体,因此以经验用药为主。现对我院小儿血液科急性白血病(A L)患儿中,发生中性粒细胞减少合并感染353例次的诊治问题进行分析探讨如下。1对象及方法1.1对象自2003年1月～2004年12月共收治A L105例,其中急性淋巴细胞性白血病(A LL)82例,急性非淋巴细胞性…     

Transient hyperglycemia in Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BACKGROUND: Transient hyperglycemia occurs commonly during the treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of and risk factors for transient hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy in Hispanic pediatric patients diagnosed with B-Precursor ALL. PROCEDURE: The study cohort consisted of 155 Hispanic pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL and treated at one of two South Texas pediatric oncology centers between 1993 and 2002. Hyperglycemia was defined as > or = 2 glucose determinations of > or = 200 mg/dl during the first 28 days of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall, 11.0% of the study cohort developed transient hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy. Age and body mass index (BMI) were both positively associated with the risk of hyperglycemia. Females exhibited a substantially higher risk of hyperglycemia than males, but this association did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for other covariates. Among patients who developed hyperglycemia, 100% of those who required insulin were in the 13-18-year age group and reported a family history of diabetes. Hyperglycemic patients classified as obese (BMI > or = 95 centile) were more than twice as likely to have required insulin therapy compared to overweight patients (BMI 85-<95 centile) and three times as likely to have required insulin compared to normal weight (BMI < 85 centile) patients. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of chemotherapy-induced transient hyperglycemia in the present study cohort is comparable to that reported in previous pediatric ALL patients. This finding is interesting in view of the elevated prevalence of obesity and the underlying dietary behaviors in this Hispanic study cohort.     

小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病中枢神经系统白血病诊治现状

中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)的防治是小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗的一部分。诊断时高白细胞计数、T细胞型及分子遗传学为t(4;11)和Ph 是CNS复发的危险因素,脑脊液不同检查结果的预后价值有待明确。头颅放疗已不用于标危ALL患儿,头颅放疗的预防剂量已减为12Gy,鞘内及全身化疗对CNSL的治疗有重要作用。部分小儿CNS复发经挽救治疗可以长期存活,早期CNS复发的患儿应在第2次CR期进行异基因骨髓移植。     

Relapsed acute leukemia in children: Oman experience

Acute leukemia (AL) is the most common malignancy in children in Oman. It accounts for over one-third of all childhood cancers, most of which (∼75%) are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Over a decade, a total of 128 cases of childhood acute leukemia have been diagnosed and managed at Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Unit, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, which is the national referral center of pediatric leukemia cases. A retrospective review of case notes was used to study all children with a diagnosis of acute leukemia from January 1993 to January 2003. All the cases were diagnosed using a bone marrow aspirate with morphological and immunophenotypic classification. Over this period, 24 cases relapsed. They were classified as per BFM group as “very early,” “early,” and “late” according to the time from diagnosis to first relapse and were divided into isolated bone marrow (BM), extramedullary site, and combined relapse. Sixteen percent of ALL cases and 58.6% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases so far relapsed. Most of the AML cases relapsed very early on in treatment. Eleven patients had combined relapse in BM and extramedullary site (9 in the central nervous system, 1 in the testicles, and 1 in the eye). The overall outcome of these patients is very poor, and only 6 patients out of 24 are still alive. In conclusion, the relapse rates of childhood AL are more or less similar to those of other reports but the overall outcome is very poor. A large majority of the patients in this study are either very early or early relapsers. Future studies including genetic and molecular analysis may be able to explain the difference in clinical outcome of these relapsed AL cases.