胸腔镜辅助心脏手术352例

目的 总结胸腔镜辅助心脏手术352例的疗效。方法 先天性心脏病和风湿心脏病采用周围体外循环技术,全胸腔镜辅助下行房间隔缺损修补术155例,室间隔缺损修补术85例;胸腔镜辅助小切口行先天性心脏病矫治23例,二尖瓣置换81例。冠心病组采用胸腔镜辅助下取左乳内动脉行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术8例。结果 无死亡病例。先天性心脏病、风湿心脏病组体外循环时间、升主动脉阻闭时间较传统手术方式略长,但全部患者术后呼吸机辅助时间短,术后胸腔引流量少,术后住院时间短。结论 胸腔镜心脏手术创伤小,恢复快,效果好。     

电视胸腔镜心脏手术微创体外循环中并发症的预防及处理方法

目的 :探讨电视胸腔镜微创体外循环心内直视术治疗先天性心脏病手术过程中并发症的预防及处理方法。方法 :2 0例房间隔缺损和 4例室间隔缺损的先心病患者应用双腔气管插管机械辅助呼吸 ,采用股动脉、股静脉和上腔静脉插管建立体外循环 ,通过胸壁打孔借助电视胸腔镜进行房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损修补。结果 :2 4例患者中第 1例患者因血氧饱和度低而延长切口进行探查 ,1例患者因主动脉壁损伤而被迫再次建立体外循环进行修补 ,2例患者体外循环转流中出现血红蛋白尿 ,3例患者在单肺通气时因血氧饱和度低而应用高频通气进行辅助 ,1例室间隔隔瓣下缺损患者心脏复跳后发现有残余漏。结论 :电视胸腔镜微创体外循环下心内直视术中以单肺通气时血氧饱和度低、转流中血红蛋白尿最为常见 ;以操作不慎引起大血管损伤最为严重。创伤小 ,恢复快 ,安全可行。只要熟练电视胸腔镜下手术器械的操作方法和技巧可以减少或避免并发症的发生。     

电视胸腔镜室间隔缺损修补术67例报告

目的 :报告电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补术 6 7例的结果。方法 :2 0 0 0年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,行右侧胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补手术 6 7例 ,其中男性 36例 ,女性 31例 ,年龄 3～ 39岁 ,体重 13～ 6 8kg。室缺直接缝合 6 2例 ,涤纶补片修补 5例 ,同时行三尖瓣成形 5例。结果 :术中扩大切口 2例 ,室缺残余漏 1例 ,二次开胸止血 1例 ,手术时间 3 0～ 5 6h ,平均 3 1h。体外循环时间 6 2～ 15 2min ,平均 98min ;升主动脉阻闭时间 16～ 5 2min ,平均 2 8min。术后患者恢复顺利 ,治疗效果满意。结论 :电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补术是可行的 ,安全的。     

胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补2例

20世纪 90年代初 ,随着内镜外科的发展 ,电视胸腔镜技术逐渐应用到心血管外科领域 ,如动脉导管未闭结扎术 ,心包开窗引流术等不需要体外循环的手术。 90年代中期 ,随着不开胸的体外循环及心肌保护技术的发展 ,电视胸腔镜辅助 ,胸壁小切口 ,房室缺修补 ,瓣膜替换等心内手术得以开展 ,而完全在电视胸腔镜下 ,经胸壁打孔修补室间隔缺损 ,尚未见文献报道。 2 0 0 0 - 0 9我科在成功完成 7例右侧胸壁打孔 ,电视胸腔镜下房缺修补术的基础上 ,又成功实施室缺修补术2例 ,现报道如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　例 1:女 ,2 2岁 ,体重 4 6kg,发现心脏杂…     

完全胸腔镜下手术治疗先天性室间隔缺损50例的体会

目的 总结50例完全胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补手术的临床疗效.方法 选取50例先天性室间隔缺损患者,应用股、动静脉建立体外循环,右侧胸壁打“3孔”,在完全胸腔镜下行室间隔缺损修补术,观察手术效果.结果 50例先天性室间隔缺损患者均在完全胸腔镜下顺利完成室间隔缺损的修复,手术时间3.0～5.8（3.5± 1.3）h,体外循环时间60～152（110±25）min,升主动脉阻断时间25～98（55±15）min,术后呼吸机辅助时间3.0～6.5（3.0±1.6）h,监护室停留时间14～36（15.0±8.5）h,术后胸液引流量58～230（65± 19）ml,术后自行下床时间15～30（20.0±7.5）h,术后住院4～10（5.0± 1.5）d.术后1周和3个月复查心电图均为窦性心律,无传导阻滞出现;心脏彩超示室间隔未见残余分流,心功能正常;胸部X线片示右侧肺部、胸廓未见明显异常.结论 完全胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补手术是安全有效的,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优点.     

胸腔镜心脏手术微创体外循环的建立方法

目的 :介绍电视胸腔镜实施心脏手术时微创体外循环的建立方法。方法 :3例先天性心脏病房间隔缺损患者采用股动脉、股静脉插管和经第四肋间插入上腔静脉插管建立的微创体外循环 ,借助电视胸腔镜修补房间隔缺损。结果 :3例患者体外循环转流时间分别为 72min、74min、83min ,主动脉阻断时间为 34min、32min、35min ,平均灌注压 (桡动脉压 )维持在 6 8～ 80mgHg ,动脉线压力 180～ 2 18mmHg ,转流中尿量为 75 0ml、15 0 0ml、85 0ml;灌注流量在 2 0～ 2 3L·m-2 ·min-1。 3例患者体外循环过程平稳均顺利停机。结论 :经股动脉、股静脉和上腔静脉插管建立微创体外循环可以满足电视胸腔镜心脏手术操作过程中的灌注要求 ,其方法安全可行。     

全胸腔镜心脏手术的并发症及防治分析

目的分析探讨154例全胸腔镜心脏手术并发症。方法在周围体外循环下采用电视胸腔镜完成心脏手术154例,其中房间隔缺损修补术64例,室间隔缺损修补术77例,二尖瓣置换术13例。结果房、室间隔缺损修补术时间为28～132min;二尖瓣置换术为96～157min;整个手术时间为2.6～5.6h,平均为3.6h。术中术后有并发症20例(12.98%),术中扩大切口6例(3.90%),其中横断胸骨3例;术中右室破裂1例,术后二次止血4例(2.60%),肝破裂1例,右小腿骨筋膜室综合征2例,肺部感染2例;室缺残余漏2例,术口逾期愈合2例,全组死亡1例(O.69%)。结论电视胸腔镜下行简单心脏病手术创伤小、手术效果较好,但要求操作医师操作技术熟练。否则在不熟练下操作会增加并发症发生率。     

胸腔镜室间隔缺损修补术初步经验

目的 总结胸腔镜室间隔缺损修补术的经验。方法 采用右侧胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜行室间隔缺损修补手术71例，其中男性38例，女性33例，年龄3-39岁，体重13-68kg。室缺直接缝合66例,涤纶补片修补5例，同时行三尖辨成形5例。结果 术中扩大切口2例，室缺残余漏1例，二次开胸止血1例，手术时间2．5-5．6h，平均3．6h。体外循环时间62-152min，平均是97min；升主动脉阻闭时间16-52min，平均28min。术后患恢复顺利，治疗效果满意。结论 经过一定时间的训练学习，完全镜视下室间隔缺损修补术是可行的。     

胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术8例

目的 研究胸腔镜辅助下经胸壁小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用及效果。方法 8例患者在胸腔镜电视系统监测下经第4肋间前外侧小切口采集乳内动脉。并经此小切口直视下切开心包,显露左前降支,进行非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植。结果 第2肋间至第6肋间节段的乳内动脉可顺利游离,时间平均为38min,吻合完成后检测旁路血管流量满意,无围术期心肌梗死及手术死亡。患者均于术后9～12d出院。随访3～23个月所有患者均无心绞痛症状。结论 胸腔镜电视系统监视提供了良好的视野,明显降低了经第4肋间小切口游离第2、6肋间乳内动脉的难度,可以获取足够长度的血管,通过小切口即可完成旁路移植。手术近期效果良好。     

房间隔缺损全胸腔镜下修补和常规修补手术对比观察

目的探讨先天性心脏病房间隔缺损全胸腔镜下手术与常规开胸手术方法对患者血清细胞黏附分子（ICAM-I）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）变化的影响。方法全组20例,年龄932（17±12）岁,随机分成两组。右侧胸壁打孔（12 cm）,体外循环,电视胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术（胸腔镜手术组）10例;常规开胸、体外循环、心脏停跳房间隔缺损修补术（常规手术组）10例。结果全组无死亡。在术后12 h内,胸腔镜手术组各项指标峰值明显高于常规手术组。术后12 h以后胸腔镜手术组患者各项指标峰值下降幅度较大,而常规手术组则持续处于相对较高水平。结论胸腔镜手术患者在术后较早时间内全身炎症反应要重于常规手术患者;随后,胸腔镜手术患者此类指标恢复较常规手术患者更早、更快。     

Isolated cerebral and myocardial perfusion during aortic arch repair in neonates

OBJECTIVES: To prevent possible neurologic injury after hypothermic circulatory arrest, aortic arch obstruction with cardiac defects is repaired in one stage using isolated cerebral and myocardial perfusion (ICMP). This study investigated serum S-100 protein(S-100) levels in neonates undergoing ICMP. METHODS: Between February 2000 and January 2001, 19 neonate patients underwent repair of critical congenital heart defects. Seven of these patients with aortic coarctation(n = 3) or interrupted aortic arch (n = 4) with ventricular septal defect(ICMP group) underwent primary total repair. An arterial cannula was inserted either into the ascending aorta or into a polytetrafluoroethylene graft which was anastomosed to the innominate artery. During arch repair, a cross-clamp was placed between the innominate and left carotid arteries, and an end-to-end arch anastomosis was performed with cerebral perfusion and heart beating. During ICMP the flow was reduced to maintain a radial artery pressure of 30-45 mmHg. The remaining 12 patients underwent complete transposition of great arteries(n = 9) or total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(n = 3) using a cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) with flow of 150-180 ml/kg/min(control group). Sequential blood samples for S-100 determinations were taken after induction of anesthesia, 30 min after aortic declamping(post-ACC), 30 min after CPB, and 24 hr after CPB. RESULTS: There were no early and late deaths. Neurologic symptoms were not observed in any patients. Mean ICMP time in ICMP group was 17 +/- 4 min. In all patients, S-100 showed the highest value post-ACC and then declined with time. There were no differences in S-100 between the groups at any other time point. CONCLUSIONS: Selective cerebral perfusion through the innominate artery may be able to maintain brain circulation.     

微创心脏手术中周围体外循环120例总结

目的 :总结分析不开胸的体外循环及心肌保护 12 0例。方法 :对 12 0例胸腔镜心脏手术所采用的不开胸体外循环及心肌保护技术进行回顾分析。全组均采用股动、静脉或加上腔静脉插管建立体外循环 ,右侧胸壁打孔胸腔镜下长阻闭钳阻闭升主动脉 ,冷晶体停跳液顺行灌注保护心肌。结果 :全组无手术死亡病例。术中泵压偏高 8例 ,灌注流量不足 3例 ,术后血红蛋白尿 13例 ,肝功能损害 7例 ,术后右下肢轻度肿胀 3例 ,右下肢局部麻木、疼痛 4例 ,右股动脉处可闻及杂音 3例。结论 :周围体外循环及心肌保护安全、可行。并发症以血红蛋白尿 ,肝功能损害 ,股动、静脉损伤为常见。     

心内直视下镶嵌治疗肌部室间隔缺损

目的 探讨心内直视下镶嵌治疗肌部室间隔缺损（mVSD）的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 2008年1月至2013年7月,在体外循环心内直视下镶嵌治疗肌部室间隔缺损29例,男19例,女10例,年龄2个月～7岁;其中单个肌部室间隔缺损7例,多发室间隔缺损22例.合并法洛四联症5例,完全性大血管转位1例,肺动脉瓣狭窄3例,房间隔缺损6例,主动脉缩窄3例.合并心脏畸形均同期手术纠治.结果 死亡2例,死亡率6.9％.术后随访3个月～3年,无远期死亡,封堵器边缘少量残余分流3例,无封堵器偏移、二尖瓣反流、主动脉瓣反流、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞.结论 心内直视下镶嵌治疗肌部室间隔缺损是一种安全、简便、有效的方法.     

新鲜自体心包在心脏手术中应用的经验

目的介绍新鲜自体心包在心脏手术中应用的经验。 方法我院在321例心脏手术中应用了未经戊二醛处理的新鲜自体心包作为修复材料,应用范围广泛,包括先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏病和心脏肿瘤。 结果术后早期死亡20例,手术死亡率6.1%。并发症1例法乐四联症根治术后室间隔缺损残余漏,经二次手术修补治愈出院。3例室间隔缺损修补术后少量残余漏,随诊观察。全组75.7%的病人获得随诊,无术后溶血、栓塞、感染性心内膜炎、补片钙化及心包片瘤样膨出等并发症。 结论新鲜自体心包是心脏手术的优良修复材料。     

主肺动脉窗及合并心脏畸形的外科手术治疗经验总结

目的:回顾分析主肺动脉窗及合并心脏畸形的临床特征,总结外科手术治疗的经验和效果.方法:自1997-01至2011-05,共有46例主肺动脉窗患者接受了外科手术治疗,平均年龄(3.2±2.5)岁(0.1～16)岁,平均体重(11.4±6.2)kg(4～47)kg.合并的心脏畸形包括右肺动脉起自升主动脉7例、二尖瓣关闭不全7例、主动脉瓣下隔膜5例、动脉导管未闭6例、主动脉弓中断5例、室间隔缺损4例、房间隔缺损4例、右室双出口3例、三尖瓣关闭不全2例、右冠状动脉起自肺动脉2例、法乐四联症1例.43例患者在体外循环下手术,其中23例经主动脉切口补片修补,12例经肺动脉切口修补,4例经主肺动脉窗修补,2例行切断缝合.其余3例患者在非体外循环下行主肺动脉窗缝扎(1例)或切断缝合(2例).合并心脏畸形同时矫治.结果:早期死亡3例,平均随访5年,1例患者术后一年死于肺动脉高压,其余患者无再次手术及残余分流,主动脉和肺动脉发育正常.结论:主肺动脉窗一经诊断,应尽早外科手术治疗,体外循环下经主动脉切口补片修补是首选的方法.     

Impact of intraoperative echocardiography on surgical management of congenital heart disease

Intraoperative echocardiography was performed by epicardial, 2-dimensional, low- and high-pulsed repetition frequency, continuous-wave Doppler and color flow mapping in 50 patients. Forty studies were performed before and 44 studies after cardiopulmonary bypass. Studies before cardiopulmonary bypass agreed with preoperative evaluation. After cardiopulmonary bypass, studies revealed that 11 of 25 patients who underwent repair of ventricular septal defects had residual ventricular septal defects, and 1 of 25 patients who underwent atrial septal repair had 1 residual atrial communication. One patient with a "Swiss cheese" ventricular septum underwent repeat cardiopulmonary bypass to close residual ventricular septal defects. The patient with a residual atrial communication required immediate reoperation because of a right to left shunt after a modified Fontan procedure. Eight of 10 remaining residual ventricular septal defects spontaneously closed 1 to 41 days after operation. Assessment of postcardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative valvular regurgitation in 21 valves revealed good correlation (p less than 0.01). However, 1 patient required reoperation for mitral valve replacement on the sixth postoperative day. The correlation was fair between postcardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative residual stenotic pressure gradients in 12 surgically repaired stenotic lesions. This study shows that little additional information is added to a comprehensive preoperative evaluation by precardiopulmonary bypass intraoperative echocardiography. Postcardiopulmonary bypass intraoperative echocardiography is useful in identifying residual shunts. Assessment of stenotic gradients and valvular regurgitation must be interpreted in light of a changing hemodynamic state.     

浅低温心脏跳动下房、室间隔缺损修补术56例临床分析

目的探讨浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下房、室间隔缺损修补术的应用前景.方法应用浅低温心脏跳动下心内直视手术方法,对先天性心脏病房间隔缺损15例及室间隔缺损(室缺)41例患者施行房、室间隔缺损修补术.结果全部患者手术过程顺利,术中未出现心室颤动,术后胸腔引流量少,未发生严重心律失常、低心排血量综合征、空气栓塞等并发症.结论本方法避免了主动脉阻断所引起的心肌缺血、缺氧和再灌注损伤以及心脏局部冰屑及冷停跳液所致的物理性损伤,是一种较接近生理状态的心肌保护法,能较好地保护心肌功能,手术操作简单,能清楚地发现隐匿及多发性室缺,降低残余漏;避免传导系统的损伤;在做好排气措施下,是一种安全可行的方法.     

Differential atrial filling after Mustard and Senning repairs. Detection by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound.

The dominance of Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries has been challenged by the recent revival of Senning's repair because it promises better long-term results in terms of venous obstruction and atrial haemodynamics. These hypotheses were tested by recording jugular venous flow waveforms transcutaneously in 24 postoperative patients with simple complete transposition using a bidirectional Doppler blood velocimeter. Eight patients had undergone Mustard's operation and 16 the Senning alternative; all had previously had a postoperative cardiac catheterisation. Both groups of patients had similar left ventricular, pulmonary arterial, and systemic venous atrial pressures. No child showed any evidence at catheterisation of either mitral regurgitation or of superior vena caval pathway obstruction. These two findings were endorsed by the transcutaneous Doppler recordings. Jugular venous flow in normal children exhibits two maxima, one of atrial filling during ventricular systole, the other of ventricular filling occurs once the tricuspid valve has opened. Both operative procedures diminished the size of the former phase, but the Mustard did so more. After Mustard's operation forward flow during the atrial filling phase was absent in approximately half the cardiac cycles recorded, and severely diminished in the rest. By contrast, there was approximately a 90 per cent appearance of atrial filling waves after Senning's operation which also provided significantly better atrial function than Mustard's procedure in terms of peak velocity of blood entering the atrium and total atrial filling. It is therefore concluded that both procedures compromise atrial volume and compliance but Senning's repair to a much lesser extent.