糖尿病和糖尿病肾病患者血清中糖基化终产物的检测

目的 :研究糖基化终产物 ( AGEs)与糖尿病及糖尿病肾病的关系。方法 :用竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定 ( ELISA)法测定糖尿病 ( DM)、糖尿病肾病 ( DN)和 DN并发慢性肾功能不全 ( CRF)患者治疗前后血清 AGEs水平 ,以正常人血清作对照。结果 :DM患者血清 AGEs水平 [( 2 1 .3±6.0 ) mg· L-1 ]明显高于正常人 [( 1 0 .6± 3.1 ) mg· L-1 ]( P<0 .0 1 ) ;DN患者血清 AGEs水平[( 33.1± 9.3) mg·L-1 ]明显高于 DM( P<0 .0 1 ) ;DN并发 CRF患者血液透析治疗后血清 AGEs水平 [( 2 1 .7± 9.8) mg· L-1 ]低于治疗前 [( 36.3± 1 4 .1 ) mg· L-1 ]( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :竞争性ELISA法可用来监测 DM和 DN的进展及评价疗效     

围手术期胃癌患者IL-12监测及其意义

目的　探讨将胃癌患者术前、术后血清 IL - 12水平作为机体自主免疫功能状态的监测指标的可行性 .方法　收集本院 2 0 0 0 - 10 / 2 0 0 1- 12确诊为胃癌的连续住院病例 72例 ,按术后静脉支持治疗方案不同分为两组 ,分别于术前 1d、术后8d采血 .另外取同期消化性溃疡住院患者血清作为对照 .采用双抗体夹心 EL ISA法测定 IL- 12水平 ,用 DKT系列 m Ab间接荧光法由流式细胞仪测定 T淋巴细胞亚群 .结果　胃癌患者术后 8d CD4 + T淋巴细胞亚群测定 ,应用全胃肠外营养(TPN)组为 36 .81± 5 .37,较术前值 32 .11± 6 .5 2明显升高(P<0 .0 5 ) .术前血清 IL - 12水平两组分别为 (44 .8± 2 1.3)pg· m L- 1和 (43.2± 17.9) pg· m L- 1 ,较正常对照组 (10 9.5± 6 2 .9) pg· m L- 1 明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,术后 8d两组血清IL - 12水平不同程度升高 ,应用 TPN组为 (73.4± 18.6 ) pg·m L- 1 较术前明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,较非 TPN组水平 (5 2 .4±2 2 .4 ) pg· m L- 1明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) .结论　胃癌患者血清IL - 12水平较正常人低 ,术后随着机体免疫功能的恢复 ,血清IL - 12水平有所上升 .应用 TPN支持治疗有利于术后机体免疫功能恢复 ,IL- 12水平上升更明显 .血清 IL- 12水平可以作为胃癌术后机体免疫功能     

术后感染患者血清可溶性CD14和E-选择素的变化意义

目的　探讨术后并发严重感染患者血清 E-选择素(E- SL T)和 s CD14的变化情况及其与病情预后的关系 .方法　采用 EL ISA于术前和术后测定 37例手术和 30例健康志愿者血清 E- SL T、s CD14及 TNF- α的浓度 .结果　 E- SL T水平在未并发感染组于术后 1d开始增高 ,术后 3d达高峰 (15 1± 12 )μg· L- 1 ,4d后开始下降 ,至 2 5 d接近正常水平 (4 0±10 ) μg· L- 1 ;在并发严重感染组 E- SL T水平于术后 1d开始增高 (6 8± 9)μg· L- 1 ,至术后 2 5 d时仍处于高水平状态 (32 8± 5 4) μg· L- 1 .s CD14水平在未并发感染组于术后 1d开始增高 ,4d后开始下降 ,至 2 5 d接近正常水平 (1.0 3± 0 .16 )mg· L- 1 ;在并发严重感染组 s CD14水平于术后 1d开始增高 ,至术后 2 5 d仍处于高水平状态 (2 .6 3± 0 .82 ) mg· L- 1 .s CD14与 TNF- α者间的相关系数为 r=0 .896 ,P<0 .0 5 .结论　 s CD14和 TNF-α在术后并发严重感染的早期病理过程中起着重要的作用 ,s CD14与早期感染密切相关 ;E-选择素可能在感染病理变化过程的后期起着重要的作用 ,与感染严重程度相关 . E- SL T和 s CD14是反映术后并发感染病情变化和预后的可靠指标     

糖尿病和贫血患者血浆中乳酸质量浓度的测定

目的　探讨糖尿病和贫血患者血浆中乳酸质量浓度与正常人和献血员间的关系 .方法　利用气相色谱对血浆乳酸值进行外标法测定 .实验分 4组 :A组 :糖尿病患者 7例 (男4,女 3,年龄 30～ 6 0岁 ) ,B组 :贫血患者 9例 (男 6 ,女 3,年龄2 0～ 6 0岁 ) ,C组 :正常人 15例 (男 9,女 6 ,年龄 2 0～ 5 0岁 ) ,D组 :献血员 2 8例 (男 19,女 9,年龄 2 0～ 30岁 ) .结果　糖尿病和贫血患者、正常人和献血员血浆中乳酸质量浓度分别为(4 72± 2 15 ) mg· L- 1 ,(340± 12 5 ) mg· L- 1 ,(130± 31) mg·L- 1 和 (147± 46 ) mg· L- 1 .糖尿病和贫血患者血浆乳酸质量浓度明显高于正常人和献血员 (P<0 .0 1) .结论　我们测定的乳酸值可作为糖尿病和贫血患者临床诊断指标之一 .     

早产儿脐血前白蛋白、白蛋白和总蛋白水平检测

目的 :探讨前白蛋白作为新生儿营养指标的价值。方法 :采用单向免疫扩散法测定 1 4 8例足月儿和 4 0例早产儿脐血血清前白蛋白、总蛋白和白蛋白的水平。结果 :足月儿 3项蛋白 (前白蛋白 :(1 6 6 .39± 38.5 9)mg·L-1 ;总蛋白 :(6 7.87± 1 1 .37)mg·L-1 ;白蛋白 :(36 .6 6± 6 .76 )mg·L-1 )均高于早产儿 (分别为 (1 2 0 .1 3± 4 6 .74 )mg·L-1 ;(5 4 .2 9± 1 0 .30 )mg·L-1 ;(31 .6 5± 7.1 8)mg·L-1 ) ,且差异有统计学意义 ,P分别 <0 .0 0 1 ;0 .0 0 1 ;0 .0 1。结论 :前白蛋白为新生儿更准确更敏感的营养指标 ,可依据脐血前白蛋白对新生儿进行宫内营养评价     

电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜血流及血浆ET，NO，CGRP的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜血流量与血浆内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的影响及其相互关系 .方法　将 32只 SD大鼠平均分为空白对照组、应激组、电针后应激组和应激后电针组 ,每组 8只 .利用激光多普勒血流仪测定胃粘膜血流量 ,用放免分析法和生化法测定各组大鼠血浆 ET,CGRP和 NO水平的变化并计算各组溃疡指数 (UI) .结果　应激组较对照组比较胃粘膜血流量相对数值下降 (6 9.0± 10 .6 ) m V→ (5 1.5± 5 .1) m V,P<0 .0 1. UI增加 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.血浆 NO水平下降 ,(2 2 .7± 3.8) μmol· L- 1 → (18.8± 5 .2 ) μmol·L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 . ET水平上升 (140± 17) ng· L- 1 → (177± 2 3)ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .在电针后应激组和应激后电针组 ,与应激组比较 ,胃粘膜血流量上升 (5 1.5± 5 .1) m V→ (6 6 .5± 7.4) m V,(6 4.9± 5 .8) m V,P<0 .0 1,UI减少 ;(2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,(19.4± 2 .8) ,P<0 .0 1.血浆 NO水平上升 ,(18.8± 5 .2 )μmol· L- 1 → (2 3.3± 4.1)μmol· L- 1 ,(2 2 .9± 4.1) μmol· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;CGRP水平上升 ,(145± 6 ) ng· L- 1→ (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;ET水平下降 ,(177±2 3) ng     

电针对应激大鼠血浆EGF和CGRP及胃粘膜损伤的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及对血浆表皮生长因子 (EGF)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)水平的影响 .方法　将 72只大鼠平均分为空白对照组、应激组和电针组 ,每组再按实验时间 1,3和 5 d平均分为 3小组 (n= 8) ,利用放免分析法测定各组大鼠血浆 EGF,CGRP含量并计算各组溃疡计数 (UI)水平的变化 ,以分析其相互关系 .结果　应激组较空白对照组大鼠血浆 EGF明显下降 (0 .44±0 .16 ) μg· L- 1 → (0 .2 3± 0 .0 1) μg· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;UI明显上升 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组较应激组比较血浆 EGF水平明显上升 (0 .2 3± 0 .0 1)μg· L- 1 → (0 .42± 0 .0 9) μg· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;血浆 CGRP水平明显上升 (145± 6 ) ng· L- 1 → (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ;UI明显下降(2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组中血浆 CGRP实验 5 d组较实验 1d组明显上升 (184± 2 2 ) ng· L- 1→ (2 32± 35 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 1.结论　电针对胃粘膜的损伤有保护作用 ,血浆 EGF,CGRP参与了电针对胃粘膜的保护作用机制 .电针调节 CGRP与针刺时间有关     

原发性青光眼患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅰ，Ⅱ、醛固酮及心钠素含量的测定

目的　探讨原发性青光眼患者血浆中血管紧张素 , 、醛固酮及心钠素的含量 .方法　采用放射免疫分析法检测了 2 8例原发性青光眼 (急性闭角型、慢性闭角型、慢性单纯型 )患者血浆血管紧张素 , 、醛固酮及心钠素的含量 ,并与 10例非青光眼者作对照 .结果　青光眼组患者血浆心钠素水平明显高于对照组 ,对照组为 (2 38.0 0± 186 .7)μg·L- 1 ,急闭青 (发作期 )、慢闭青和慢开青分别为 (5 2 7.5 6±2 17.17) μg· L- 1 、 (4 13.6 2± 2 0 9.94) μg· L- 1 和 (4 0 4.0 0±196 .5 3) μg· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;急性闭角型青光眼患者血浆血管紧张素 含量明显低于对照组 ,对照组为 (2 .39± 1.0 5 )μg· L- 1 ,急闭青 (发作期 )为 (1.19± 1.0 2 )μg· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) .其他组与对照组相比无明显改变 .结论　提示血浆心钠素水平的改变与青光眼存在密切关系 ;血浆肾素 -血管紧张素与青光眼是否存在某种联系有待进一步探讨     

两类心绞痛患者胰岛素抵抗和纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1的比较

目的　两种不同类型心绞痛胰岛素抵抗和纤溶功能的比较 .方法　狭窄性心绞痛 (AP)组 2 7例 ;微血管性心绞痛(MV)组 17例 ;对照组 13例 .分别测量患者身高 ,体质量和血压 .冠状动脉造影前 ,空腹 12 h抽取静脉血 ,测定血脂 ,空腹血糖 ,胰岛素 (Ins) ,C-肽 (C- P)和纤溶酶原激活抑制物 - 1(PAI- 1) .结果　 AP和 MV组血清 Ins分别为 (2 3± 8)m IU· L- 1 和 (2 5± 6 ) m IU· L- 1 ,均明显高于对照组 (15± 5 )m IU· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;C- P分别为 (2 .7± 0 .9) μg· L- 1和 (3.1± 0 .8)μg· L - 1 均明显高于对照组 (2 .0± 0 .9)μg· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,AP和 MV组胰岛素敏感性指数 (Ins I)均明显低于对照组 0 .0 1± 0 .0 1vs 0 .0 2± 0 .0 1(P<0 .0 5 ) ,以上各指标在AP和 MV组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .AP组血浆 PAI- 1为(3.2± 0 .9) AU· m L- 1 ,明显高于 MV组 (2 .5± 0 .6 ) AU·m L- 1和对照组 (2 .5± 0 .4) AU·m L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,MV组和对照组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) . AP患者血浆 PAI- 1分别与血清Ins(r=0 .484,P<0 .0 5 )和 C- P(r=0 .5 2 1,P<0 .0 5 )正相关 .AP和 MV组 TG,TC明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,此两组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　 AP和 MV患者都存在胰岛素抵抗 ,     

电针在应激大鼠胃粘膜保护作用中对氧自由基和前列腺素的影响

目的　观察电针对应激大鼠血浆超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)和前列腺素 E2 (PGE2 )的影响 ,以探讨电针对胃粘膜保护作用的机制 .方法　将 72只大鼠平均分为空白对照组 ,应激组和电针组 ,每组再按实验时间 1,3和 5d平均分为 3小组 (每小组 8只 ) .利用生化法和放免分析法测定各组大鼠血浆 SOD,MDA和 PGE2 含量并计算各组溃疡指数 (UI) .结果　应激组较空白对照组大鼠血浆 SOD明显下降 (17.0± 2 .9)μmol· L- 1 → (11.9± 3.4)μmol· L- 1 ,MDA明显上升 (4 .85± 2 .38) μmol· L- 1→ (7.5 6± 2 .48)μmol· L- 1 ,PGE2 明显下降 (2 .74± 0 .77) ng· L- 1 → (1.5 4± 0 .2 5 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .UI明显上升 (1.1± 0 .4)→ (2 8.0± 4.1) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组较应激组血浆 SOD明显上升 (11.9± 3.4) μmol· L- 1→ (17.7± 4.8) μm ol· L- 1 ,MDA明显下降 (7.5 6± 2 .48) μmol· L- 1→ (4 .14± 1.78) μm ol· L- 1 ;PGE2 明显上升 (1.5 4± 0 .2 5 ) ng· L- 1 → (3.2 1± 0 .38) ng·L- 1 ;UI明显下降 (2 8.0± 4.1)→ (19.0± 2 .3) ,P<0 .0 1.电针组 PGE2 实验 5 d组较实验 1d组明显上升 (3.2 1± 0 .38) ng· L- 1 → (4 .5 2± 1.0 6 ) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 .结论　电针对     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.