Effect of berberine on proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis in HeLa and L1210 cells

Previous studies on the anticancer activity of protoberberine alkaloids against a variety of cancer cell lines were extended to human tumour HeLa and murine leukemia L1210 cell lines. An attempt was also made to investigate the relationship between the cytotoxic activity of berberine and its molecular mechanism of action. Cytotoxicity was measured in-vitro using a primary biochemical screening according to Oyama and Eagle, and the growth inhibition assay. The in-vitro cytotoxic techniques were complemented by cell cycle analysis and determination of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in L1210 cells. Berberine acted cytotoxically on both tumour cell lines. The sensitivity of leukemia L1210 cells to the berberine was higher than that of HeLa cells. The IC(100) was below 100 microg mL(-1) for HeLa cells and approached a 10 microg mL(-1) limit for the leukemia L1210 cells. For both cell lines the IC(50) was found to be less than 4 microg mL(-1), a limit put forward by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for classification of the compound as a potential anticancer drug. In L1210 cells treated with 10-50 microg mL(-1) berberine, G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest was observed. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent decrease of cells in S phase and increase in G(2)/M phase was detected. In addition, apoptosis detected as sub-G(0) cell population in cell cycle measurement was proved in 25-100 microg mL(-1) berberine-treated cells by monitoring the apoptotic DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) using agarose gel electrophoresis.     

Effect of mitoxantrone on DNA polymerase of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.

AIM: To study the effect of mitoxantrone (Mit) on DNA polymerases of tumor cells. METHODS: DNA polymerases of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were isolated by phosphocellulose column chromatography. The effects of Mit on DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma were detected by method of K Ono. RESULTS: Mit inhibited DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma, IC50 values were 11.9, 6.5, and 11.9 mumol.L-1, and Ki 1.86, 2.22, and 2.05 mumol.L-1, respectively. The inhibitory mode of Mit on DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma was competitive. CONCLUSION: Mit is a strong inhibitor on DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma. The inhibitory mode was competition with respect to template DNA.     

Effect of mitoxantrone on DNA polymerase of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells

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Induction of DNA damage in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells by exposure to eupatoriopicrin

The sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin (EUP) from Eupatorium cannabinum L. has been shown to be cytotoxic in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent way. In order to assess possible DNA damage as a cause for cell death, the study reported was initiated. After 2 hr incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells with EUP, the DNA damage, determined by the use of an alkaline DNA unwinding method, followed by hydroxylapatite column chromatography of degraded DNA, was observed at concentrations only slightly higher than those causing cell death in a clonogenic assay. The amount of EUP, requested to demonstrate DNA damage after a 24-hr post-incubation period lay within the concentration range that was effective in the clonogenic assay (1-10 micrograms/ml). Glutathione (GSH) depletion of the cells to about 99%, by use of buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), enhanced the extent of DNA damage. It is concluded that EUP-induced DNA damage may play a role in the observed cytotoxicity.     

Boric acid enhances in vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell proliferation in Swiss albino mice

The influence of boric acid, a boron carrier, on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-bearing mice was investigated in view of its importance in the boron neutron capture therapy and the influence of boron on proliferation and progression of cancer cells mediated by proteoglycans and collagen. The present study included the evaluation of boric acid for the effects on total count and viability of EAC cells in addition to their non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as parameters for conjugative detoxication potency and possible oxidative damage. The EAC cell-bearing animals were also observed for the effect on survival, body weight changes, and histopathological evaluation of the tumors grown at the site of inoculation. The treatment with boric acid significantly increased the total number of peritoneal EAC cells and their viability. A significant increase in the body weight was observed that dose-dependently reached plateau levels by 20 days of treatment. Conversely, a reduction in the duration of survival of these animals was evident with the same protocol. Boric acid treatment resulted in a decrease in NP-SH contents with a concomitant increase in MDA levels in EAC cells as revealed by the results of the biochemical analysis. These data are supported by our results on histopathological investigations, which apparently showed fast growth, in addition to several mitotic figures and mixed inflammatory reaction, after treatment with boric acid. It seems likely that a particular combination of properties of boric acid, rather than a single characteristic alone, will provide useful information on the use of this boron carrier in neutron capture therapy.     

DPF2基因RNA干扰对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的作用研究

目的已知DPF2参与白血病以及肿瘤的发生,但是DPF2是否参与胰腺癌发生和进展还不清楚,因此观察了DPF2基因RNA干扰对胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的影响。方法采用慢病毒介导的DPF2基因RNA干扰敲低PANC-1细胞的DPF2表达,通过克隆形成实验和MTT实验检测DPF2基因RNA干扰对PANC-1细胞增殖的作用,通过流式细胞术检测DPF2基因RNA干扰对PANC-1细胞凋亡和细胞周期的作用。结果慢病毒介导的DPF2基因RNA干扰中剂量和高剂量(2μL和4μL)使PANC-1细胞的DPF2表达明显降低。与阴性对照组比较,DPF2基因RNA干扰明显抑制PANC-1细胞活力和克隆形成,还促进PANC-1的凋亡。此外,DPF2基因RNA干扰引起细胞周期的S期阻滞,明显减少G2/M周期的细胞数量。结论 DPF2可能参与胰腺癌细胞PANC-1的增殖、凋亡过程和细胞周期的调控,通过慢病毒介导的DPF2基因RNA干扰敲低DPF2蛋白表达,可能为寻找潜在的抗胰腺癌的新方法提供实验依据。     

Effect of active fraction of Eriocaulon sieboldianum on human leukemia K562 cells via proliferation inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction

Eriocaulon sieboldianum (Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.), a genus of Eriocaulon in the Eriocaulaceae family, is an edible and medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. It was processed into healthcare beverages for expelling wind-heat, protecting eyes, and reducing blood fat. Also, it has been used with other herbs as Traditional Chinese herbal compound to treat cancer as adjuvants in tumor therapy in China. However, the active fractions and precise cellular mechanisms of E. sieboldianum extract remain to be illustrated. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the active fraction of E. sieboldianum on the growth of K562 cells and understand the possible mechanisms of its action. Our findings suggested that the fraction E3 of E. sieboldianum could effectively inhibit the activity of Aurora kinase and induce apoptosis via blocking cell cycle, up-regulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins including p53 and Bax and reducing the expression of Bcl-2. The levels of Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were also found to be increased after treatment with fraction E3 of E. sieboldianum.This study could improve the development of E. sieboldianum and raise its application value in cancer adjuvant therapy. Considering it is both a dietary supplement and a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which exhibits anticancer activities, it can be developed into functional food.     

金雀异黄素和槲皮素对人类乳腺癌细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的探讨金雀异黄素(genistein,Gen)和槲皮素(quercetin,Que)对人类乳腺癌细胞株增殖的影响。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定槲皮素对雌激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、T47D和非雌激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB231的细胞增殖作用,并以雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182780为工具药来评价金雀异黄素、槲皮素发挥雌激素样作用与雌激素受体的关系,流式细胞术对MCF-7细胞的增殖情况进行分析。结果Gen和Que在一定剂量范围内能促进T47D和MCF-7细胞的增殖,而对雌激素受体阴性MDA-MB231细胞未见增殖作用,并将MCF-7细胞周期由G1期向S期推进,促进DNA合成,提高细胞分裂增殖指数,且Gen和Que促进MCF-7细胞增殖作用被雌激素受体拮抗剂所拮抗。结论金雀异黄素和槲皮素具有雌激素活性,此作用可能是通过雌激素受体(ER)介导的。     

环阿尔廷烷型四环三萜化合物对HCT116细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响

目的探讨升麻中分离的环阿尔廷烷型四环三萜化合物(KY17)对人结肠癌HCT116(p53WT)细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞周期的影响。方法MTT法测定KY17对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)和HCT116细胞株增殖的影响;检测KY17对HCT116细胞周期的影响;荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡情况;Western blot法检测KY17对细胞凋亡蛋白PARP表达的影响;q PCR法检测miRNA-34a的表达情况。结果KY17处理MEF细胞的IC₅₀值为27.28μmol·L^-1。KY17处理HCT116细胞的IC₅₀值为9.31μmol·L^-1,细胞周期阻滞在G_2/M期,且凋亡蛋白PARP有切割;同时,miRNA-34a上调,p53蛋白表达量增加。结论KY17对HCT116细胞的增殖具有抑制作用,使细胞周期停滞于G_2/M期,最终诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,其作用机制与miRNA-34a上调、p53基因激活有关。     

Growth inhibition and apoptosis of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by the methanol extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Context: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) is a tall evergreen tree found commonly in Bangladesh. Its use in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of various health complications are well known.

Objective: To explore the in vivo antitumor effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis stem bark methanol extract (ME) against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.

Materials and methods: The antitumor activity of ME was studied by determining viable tumor cell count, recording tumor weight and survival time, observing morphological changes and nuclear damage of EAC cells, and estimating hematological as well as biochemical parameters of experimental mice (25, 50 and 100?mg/kg/day for 5?d, i.p.).

Results: ME showed 96% (p?p?p?50 value (1120?mg/kg) of ME indicated its low host toxic effects. ME-treated EAC cells showed membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (apoptotic features) in Hoechst 33342 staining under fluorescence microscope. The DNA profile in agarose gel (1.5%) electrophoresis also confirmed that ME caused EAC cell death by apoptosis.

Discussion and conclusion: Results showed that ME exhibits strong anticancer activity through apoptosis and stimulation of host immunity. Thus, E. camaldulensis may be considered as a promising resource in cancer chemotherapy.     

Synthesis and retention of methotrexate polyglutamates in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells

The formation of methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma parental and 5-fluorodeoxy-uridine (FdUrd)-resistant cells was examined. The prolonged retention of methotrexate in noneffluxable-polyglutamate form and the pharmacological application of this process is discussed.     

慢病毒载体介导的长链非编码 RNA Rpph1沉默对胆囊癌 GBC-SD细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响

目的 研究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)Rpph1对胆囊癌细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响和潜在机制.方法 以人胆囊上皮细胞HGBEC为对照,实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD、SGC-996和NOZ中ln?cRNA Rpph1的表达.将GBC-SD细胞分为对照组、si-con组、si-lnc Rpph1组.蛋白质印迹法检测周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(CDK2)、Ki-67、剪切型胱天蛋白酶3(Cleaved caspase-3)、剪切型胱天蛋白酶9(Cleaved caspase-9)、β连环素(β-catenin)和c-Myc蛋白表达水平,细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法和流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡率.结果 与对照相比,胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD、SGC-996和NOZ组细胞中lncRNA Rpph1含量[(4.89±0.31)、(3.42±0.42)、(3.96±0.45)比(1.07±0.13)]显著升高(P<0.05);与si-con组比较,si-lnc Rpph1组GBC-SD细胞活力[(0.78±0.08)比(1.17±0.13)]降低,凋亡率[(12.89±1.96)％比(4.26±0.65)％]、G0～G1期细胞比例[(63.67±2.62)％比(52.57±1.32)％]升高,CDK2[(0.22±0.04)比(0.41±0.05)]、Ki-67[(0.31±0.04)比(0.62±0.04)]、β-catenin[(0.32±0.05)比(0.63±0.05)]和[c-Myc(0.21±0.04)比(0.41±0.06)]蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),Cleaved caspase-3[(0.44±0.05)比(0.14±0.04)]和Cleaved caspase-9[(0.54±0.05)比(0.17±0.03)]蛋白表达增加(P<0.05).结论 慢病毒载体沉默lncRNA Rpph1可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞增殖,诱导细胞周期停滞和促进细胞凋亡.lncRNA Rpph1是胆囊癌的潜在分子靶点.     

Induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by berberine in bladder cancer cells

The dried root of Saussurea lappa Clarke (Compositae) has been used as a traditional medicine. Dehydrocostus lactone is one of the main bioactive constituents of this medicinal plant. In the present study, the protective effect of dehydrocostus lactone against antimycin A (an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III)-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Pre-treatment with dehydrocostus lactone prior to antimycin A exposure significantly prevented mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, cytochrome c release, intracellular calcium elevation and potassium loss, and reactive oxygen species production induced by antimycin A. These results suggest that dehydrocostus lactone protects osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells from antimycin A-induced cell damage through the improved mitochondrial function.     

蜂斗菜素对宫颈癌细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响

目的 研究蜂斗菜素对宫颈癌细胞增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响及潜在机制.方法 以蜂斗菜素0μmol/L为对照,用5、15、45μmol/L的蜂斗菜素处理宫颈癌SiHa细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)检测细胞在24、48和72 h的增殖活性,蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测SiHa细胞中细胞周期蛋白D...     

小檗碱对人胃癌MGC-803细胞生长抑制及诱导凋亡的作用

目的　研究小檗碱对胃癌细胞株生长抑制、诱导凋亡作用 ,及其作用浓度、时间与细胞数目、凋亡程度的关系。方法　苔盼蓝细胞计数 ,MTT染色 ,甲基绿 派诺宁染色观察凋亡特征及计数 ,流式细胞仪技术 ,琼脂糖电泳技术分析药物对DNA作用。结果　小檗碱能抑制胃癌细胞MGC 80 3的生长。 8mg·L-1、4mg·L-1、2mg·L-1、1mg·L-1小檗碱 72h的抑制率分别为 10 0 %、80 4%、5 1 5 %、8 5 %。小檗碱作用细胞后 ,细胞表现出较为典型的细胞凋亡形态 :细胞核固缩 ,染色质凝集断裂 ,颗粒含量增加等 ;72h死亡的细胞中抗拒苔盼蓝染色者 ,仍高达 6 0 %～ 82 % ,胞膜完整 ;流式细胞仪DNA直方图上出现典型亚二倍体峰 ;琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析表明 :小檗碱可使染色质断裂 ,且发生于细胞膜结构被破坏之前 ,DNA形成大片段 ,但不形成小片段。结论　小檗碱体外能抑制胃癌MGC 80 3细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡 ,其细胞毒性 (致细胞坏死作用 )较弱     

Silencing livin gene by siRNA leads to apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation inhibition in malignant melanoma LiBr cells

Aim： The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of silencing the livin gene by small interfering RNA （siRNA） on the expression of livin and the effects on apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation in human malignant melanoma LiBr cells. Methods： Three chemically-synthetic siRNA duplexes targeting livin were transiently transfected into the LiBr cells, and the effects on livin expression were detected both at the mRNA level by real-time RT-PCR and at the protein level by Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling assay, flow cytometric analysis, and the expression of procaspase-3 and activated caspase-3 analysis by Western blotting. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Results： One of the 3 designed siRNA could effectively knock down the livin expression both at the mRNA and protein levels in dose- and time-dependent manners; 100 nmol/L with maximum downregulation on mRNA at 48 h, and on the protein at 72 h after transfection. Silencing livin could significantly induce apoptosis, arrest cell cycle at the Go/G1 phase, and inhibit proliferation in LiBr cells. Meanwhile, caspase-3 was activated. Conclusion： The livin gene could serve as a potential molecular target for gene therapy by siRNA for malignant melanoma.