糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF药物治疗的不同反应与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的相关性

目的：通过观察糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)患者对于玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗的不同反应和糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的不同程度之间的相关性,进一步阐释糖尿病黄伴水肿的发病机制和治疗策略。

方法：选择非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)伴发DME的患者27例33眼,增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)伴发DME的患者32例34眼。均给予玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药雷珠单抗,观察两组患者对该药的不同反应,并进行统计学比较。

结果：分别把患者治疗3、6mo时的最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)和黄斑中心视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)和治疗前的BCVA、CMT作比较,NPDR组有统计学差异(P<0.05),PDR组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。NPDR组和PDR组比较,3、6mo时的BCVR和CMT均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病视网膜病变的不同程度影响着糖尿病黄斑水肿对抗VEGF治疗的反应。     

Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes

Purpose. To investigate the changes in macular choroidal thickness in eyes with various stages of diabetic retinopathy, using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT). Methods. Sixty-three consecutive diabetic patients-who presented without diabetic retinopathy (NDR); with diabetic retinopathy (nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR]) and no clinically significant macular edema (CSME-); or with NDPR and clinically significant macular edema (CSME+)-underwent EDI OCT. Twenty-one age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (21 eyes) also underwent EDI OCT. Results. A total of 63 eyes of 63 consecutive diabetic patients (26 female [41.2%]; mean age 65 ± 9 years, range 48-83 years) were included in the analysis. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.25 LogMAR (range 0-1). Mean CMT was 272.5 ± 16.2 μm in 21 NDR eyes, 294.5 ± 23.5 μm in 21 NPDR/CSME- eyes, and 385.6 ± 75.1 μm in 21 NPDR/CSME+ eyes. There was no difference in mean subfoveal choroidal thickness among each diabetic group (238.4 ± 47.9 μm [NDR], 207.0 ± 55.9 μm [NPDR/CSME-], 190.8 ± 48.4 μm [NPDR/CSME+]; P = 0.23). The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly reduced in each diabetic group compared with the control group (309.8 ± 58.5 μm, P < 0.001). Conclusions. In diabetic eyes, there is an overall thinning of the choroid on EDI OCT. A decreased choroidal thickness may lead to tissue hypoxia and consequently increase the level of VEGF, resulting in the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and development of macular edema.     

玻璃体切割术联合或不联合内界膜剥除治疗严重PDR伴黄斑皱褶移位

目的:观察性研究25G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除治疗严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)伴黄斑皱褶移位的临床疗效。方法:收集2016-01/2017-12在江苏省人民医院眼科病房接受玻璃体切割手术的严重PDR伴黄斑皱褶移位的患者36例36眼的临床资料,其中2016-01/12入院的患者18例18眼纳入对照组,行25G微创玻璃体切割术,2017-01/12入院的患者18例18眼纳入联合组,行25G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术。观察术前,术后7d,1、3、6mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心区厚度(CMT)、眼压及并发症。结果:术后6mo,两组患者BCVA较术前显著提高(均P<0.05);联合组CMT小于对照组(P<0.001)。术后6mo内,联合组中2眼(11%)高眼压、1眼(6%)黄斑水肿;对照组1眼(6%)高眼压,1眼(6%)黄斑前膜,1眼(6%)玻璃体积血,两组并发症发生率无差异(均P=1.000)。结论:采用25G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗严重PDR伴黄斑皱褶移位能安全有效地提高患者视力及降低黄斑中心区厚度。     

Comparison of mean macular thickness using optical coherence tomography and visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively assess the mean macular thickness in diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography and its correlation with visual acuity. METHODS: A prospective case series study was undertaken of consecutive diabetic patients referred to a tertiary eye care centre for an eye check up from January 2003 to June 2003. One hundred and five eyes from 55 patients with varying degree of diabetes underwent optical coherence tomography examination. The study patients were divided into four groups: group I, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR); group II, NPDR with clinically significant macular oedema (CSME); group III, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR); and group IV, PDR with CSME. RESULTS: The mean macular thickness of the entire group was 256.0 +/- 129.7 microm. A positive correlation (r = 0.424, P < 0.0001) was evident between mean macular thickness and visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography is a useful tool for objectively monitoring macular thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Mean macular thickness correlates with visual acuity.     

黄斑区格栅样光凝单独或联合雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

目的:探讨黄斑区格栅样光凝单独或联合雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿效果的临床研究.方法:自2012-12/2015-06于广宁人民医院眼科门诊就诊及住院患者中,筛选出非增殖期合并具有临床意义的黄斑水肿78例78眼,随机分为联合组及单独治疗组,联合组(n=41)行玻璃体腔雷珠单抗0.02mL注射后lOd行黄斑区格栅样光凝治疗;单独组(n=37)仅行黄斑区格栅样光凝治疗.对两组患者治疗后6mo内最佳矫正视力、黄斑区中心凹厚度进行观察随访及比较.结果:两组患者在随访结束时,联合组患者治疗有效率明显高于激光组,行秩和检验后得出差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后6mo联合组与单独组黄斑中心视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)均较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);两组间对比,在术后1、3、6mo有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05).黄斑区格栅样光凝单独或联合雷珠单抗玻璃体腔内注射治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿均能提高视力及改善黄斑水肿情况.但联合治疗效果明显优于单纯激光治疗.结论:在未来的临床工作中,黄斑区格栅样光凝联合雷珠单抗治疗可作为基层医院糖尿病性黄斑水肿的首选治疗方法.     

芪明颗粒联合格栅样激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变合并黄斑水肿

目的：研究芪明颗粒联合格栅样激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)合并黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)的临床疗效。

方法：本研究对象为2014-03/2017-03于我院治疗的50例98眼DR合并DME患者,按照治疗方式不同分为两组,对照组患者25例48眼采用格栅样激光光凝治疗,观察组患者25例50眼在此基础上联合芪明颗粒治疗。光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)及眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)评价两组患者DME消退情况并比较治疗前、治疗7d,1、3mo黄斑中心凹厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)和最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)。

结果：观察组总有效47眼,总有效率为94%,对照组治疗总有效40眼,总有效率为83%,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后BCVA均显著改善,观察组治疗7d,1、3mo均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后CMT均显著降低,观察组治疗7d,1、3mo均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组分别出现高眼压2例2眼和1例1眼,给予降眼压药物后迅速缓解,其余无明显不良反应出现。

结论：芪明颗粒联合格栅样激光光凝治疗能显著改善DR合并DME症状,降低CMT,改善视力。     

糖尿病视网膜病变患者脉络膜厚度和血流动力学参数的变化及其影响因素

目的：：研究糖尿病视网膜病变患者脉络膜厚度和血流动力学参数的变化及其影响因素。方法：选取2013-01/2015-01在我院诊断为2型糖尿病的患者100例100眼,将患者分为3组：无糖尿病视网膜病变( non-diabetic retinopathy,NDR)组患者34例,非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变( non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR)组36例,增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)组30例。再根据OCT的视网膜黄斑区扫描结果,将糖尿病视网膜病变患者分成两组：糖尿病黄斑水肿( diabetic macular edema,DME)组28例,无糖尿病黄斑水肿组38例。选择同期在我院接受体检的35例正常人群作为对照组。比较各组患者距黄斑中心凹不同距离的脉络膜厚度和鼻侧睫状后动脉的血流动力学参数及其影响因素。结果：随着患者糖尿病视网膜病变的加重,距黄斑中心凹不同距离的脉络膜厚度均呈下降趋势,NPDR和PDR组患者距黄斑中心凹不同距离的脉络膜厚度薄于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),NDR组患者距黄斑中心凹不同距离的脉络膜厚度与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。糖尿病视网膜病变合并DME患者和非DME患者距黄斑中心凹不同距离的脉络膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 Pearson相关性分析显示,糖尿病视网膜病变患者脉络膜厚度与糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、HbA1 c、眼轴长度、收缩压及舒张压均无显著相关性(P>0.05),而与logMAR BCVA之间有相关性( P<0.01)。 NDR组和NPDR组患者的PSV和EDV明显低于对照组, RI高于对照组, PDR组患者的PSV和EDV明显低于其他三组,RI高于其他三组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：随着2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变程度的加重,脉络膜厚度呈下降的趋势,脉络膜厚度监测有利于全面分析2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者的病情。     

非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿对脉络膜横断面面积的影响

目的　通过光学相干断层成像（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）分析非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿对脉络膜横断面面积的影响。方法　收集２０１２年３月至２０１４年２月于我院眼科门诊就诊的非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者４７例（５７眼）,分为非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变不伴临床显著性黄斑水肿组（ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ－组）和伴临床显著性黄斑水肿组（ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ＋组）。采用Ｔｏｐｃｏｎ３ＤＯＣＴ１０００脉络膜模式扫描黄斑区,比较２组之间脉络膜横断面面积差异,分析２组脉络膜横断面面积与黄斑中心凹厚度（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｍａｃｕｌａｒｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＣＭＴ）、最佳矫正视力的相关性。结果　ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ－组与ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ＋组性别、年龄和屈光度差异均无统计学意义（Ｐ＝０．５５０、０．７９０、０．０７０）。ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ＋组脉络膜横断面面积（１１４１７５４．４７±３３７７６２．０５）μｍ２较ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ－组（１３７８１２８．４５±３９５７２８．６６）μｍ２变小（Ｐ＝０．０１９）。ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ－组脉络膜横断面面积与ＣＭＴ（中位数２２６．５０μｍ）之间无相关性（ｒ＝－０．１３０,Ｐ＝０．４９４）;ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ＋组脉络膜横断面面积与ＣＭＴ（中位数３１７．００μｍ）之间也无相关性（ｒ＝－０．２１８,Ｐ＝０．２７４）。ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ－组脉络膜横断面面积与最佳矫正最小分辨角对数视力（ＢＣｌｏｇＭＡＲ）（中位数０．０９７）之间无相关性（ｒ＝０．３２１,Ｐ＝０．０８０）;ＮＰＤＲＣＳＭＥ＋组脉络膜横断面面积与ＢＣｌｏｇＭＡＲ（中位数０．６９９）之间亦无相关性（ｒ＝－０．０７０,Ｐ＝０．７００）。结论　非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者发生黄斑水肿者较未发生黄斑水肿者脉络膜横断面面积变小。脉络膜横断面面积与ＣＭＴ、最佳矫正视力均不相关。     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿的FFA与OCT的应用对比

目的:探讨糖尿病性黄斑水肿FFA与OCT的应用及其相互关系。方法:对70例135眼糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者行中心视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压、直接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜联合+90D前置镜散瞳眼底检查、散瞳眼底彩色照相、相干光断层扫描(OCT)、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,并将相干光断层扫描和荧光素眼底血管造影结果比较分析。结果:轻度水肿时,FFA表现异常56眼,OCT表现异常68眼(P=0.0009);FFA表现正常12眼中,其OCT检查有10眼为海绵样改变;FFA表现为囊样型的,其OCT表现为囊样型占46.7%。结论:FFA,OCT联合应用于诊断糖尿病性黄斑水肿,而OCT作为临床随访DME是必不可少的检查手段,早期应用有优势。     

糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度与角膜上皮基底神经丛变化间的相关性

目的：探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)严重程度与角膜上皮基底神经丛(SNP)变化间的相关性。

方法：研究纳入我院2018-01/2021-05收治2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者132例132眼和年龄相关性白内障患者80例80眼,其中T2DM患者中包括非DR(NDR)患者52例52眼,非增生性DR(NPDR)患者40例40眼及增生性DR(PDR)患者40例40眼,分析一般资料和角膜激光扫描共焦显微镜检查资料,采用Spearman秩相关分析评价DR临床分期与神经纤维长度间相关性。

结果：四组性别和年龄比较均无差异(P>0.05); PDR组糖尿病病程显著长于NPDR组、NDR组(P<0.05); NPDR组糖尿病病程显著长于NDR组(P<0.05); 年龄相关性白内障组空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平均显著低于其他三组(P<0.05); PDR组最佳矫正视力显著低于NPDR组、NDR组(均P<0.05); NPDR组最佳矫正视力显著低于NDR组(P<0.05); 年龄相关性白内障组神经纤维长度值均显著大于NDR组、NPDR组及PDR组(P<0.05); PDR组神经纤维长度值显著小于NPDR组(P<0.05); Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,DR分期与神经纤维长度间呈负相关(r_s=-0.347,P<0.001)。

结论：DR病情严重程度与角膜上皮基底神经丛变化间具有相关性,PDR患者神经纤维长度较NPDR显著缩短; PDR和NPDR均存在神经结构缺失,T2DM眼底病变治疗时注意对眼表病变情况评估及处理。     

25G玻璃体切除联合DEX治疗PDR继发玻璃体积血伴DME

目的：评价25G玻璃体切除(PPV)联合地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂(DEX)治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)继发玻璃体积血伴糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的临床效果。

方法：前瞻性临床病例研究。选取2020-07/2022-01天津市眼科医院收治的PDR继发玻璃体积血伴DME的患者40例40眼,所有患者均行玻璃体切除和白内障超声乳化手术,随机分为PPV组(20眼)和PPV+DEX组(20眼)。比较两组患者术前,术后1、3、6mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压及黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)。

结果：所有患者均完成术后6mo随访。术后1、3、6mo PPV+DEX组患者BCVA均优于PPV组(P<0.05)。术后1mo,PPV+DEX组CMT低于PPV组(P<0.05)。随访6mo,PPV组术后出现视网膜新生血管或CMT消退小于5%者8眼行补充抗VEGF治疗,PPV+DEX组仅有1眼(P<0.05)。

结论：玻璃体切除手术联合应用地塞米松植入剂可以产生协同效应,为PDR继发玻璃体积血伴DME的患者提供更优的治疗效果。     

短脉冲模式扫描激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的 观察短脉冲模式扫描激光（PASCAL）系统全视网膜激光光凝（PRP）（PASCAL-PRP）治疗糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的疗效。方法 临床检查确诊的DR患者43例70只眼纳入研究。其中,男性19例32只眼,女性24例38只眼;年龄45～77岁。视力≥0.1者62只眼,＜0.1者8只眼;伴黄斑水肿者18只眼。严重非增生型DR（NPDR）28只眼,增生型DR（PDR）42只眼。所有患眼均行1次PASCAL-PRP治疗。伴黄斑水肿者应用PASCAL单点模式和黄斑模式(MAC A+MAC B)。观察治疗后1年患眼视力、视网膜新生血管、黄斑水肿改善情况。结果 70只眼中,视力提高、稳定、下降者分别为10、53、7只眼;黄斑水肿改善、加重、稳定者分别为38、12、20只眼。PDR 42只眼中,视网膜新生血管消退20只眼;视网膜新生血管病灶稳定11只眼;视网膜新生血管病灶活动11只眼。视网膜新生血管病灶活动者,随访期间给予1～2次补充激光光凝治疗。其中因玻璃体积血、出现增生牵拉行玻璃体切割手术治疗3只眼。结论 PASCAL可以选择多种模式治疗DR安全有效。     

频域光学相干断层扫描对糖尿病患者黄斑部视网膜厚度分区测定的研究

目的应用频域OCT分区测量正常人及各期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑部视网膜厚度、黄斑部视网膜的平均厚度及黄斑部的总体积,探讨2型糖尿病患者黄斑部视网膜厚度及体积的特点以及与正常人之间的相关性。方法 2010年1月至2011年9月在我院确诊的2型糖尿病患者185例(317眼),通过常规散瞳眼底检查、眼底照相及FFA检查并依据2002年糖尿病视网膜病变国际临床分型标准将这317眼2型糖尿病患者分为3组:糖尿病正常视网膜(NDR组)患者50例(89眼)、非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR组)患者73例(126眼)、增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR组)患者62例(102眼),第4组为正常组52例(98眼)。用频域OCT对上述4组进行黄斑部的扫描,并用分析软件进行九分区的自动分析,记录各区视网膜厚度数据和黄斑区视网膜平均厚度及黄斑区总的体积。结果黄斑区以中心凹1mm为直径视网膜厚度正常组、NDR组、NPDR组、PDR组分别为(246.37±17.50)μm、(252.13±16.24)μm、(316.28±56.99)μm、(407.90±214.89)μm。4组黄斑区平均视网膜厚度分别为(285.07±10.42)μm、(289.45±11.19)μm、(332.31±39.71)μm、(390.20±64.17)μm;总体积分别为(10.22±0.39)mm3、(10.12±1.03)mm3、(11.99±3.29)mm3、(13.87±5.13)mm3。与正常组相比,NPDR、PDR组黄斑部A1-A9区视网膜厚度、黄斑部平均视网膜厚度、黄斑部总体积差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);NDR组与正常组相比,A1-A9区视网膜厚度、黄斑部平均视网膜厚度、黄斑部总体积差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);NDR、NPDR、PDR3组间以上各指标两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论黄斑区视网膜厚度及体积与DR程度相关。频域OCT能定量定性地观察糖尿病患者黄斑区的细微变化,为糖尿病患者黄斑病变早期诊断及治疗提供可靠的检测手段。     

OCTA在DR患者黄斑血流密度观察中的应用

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)观察糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者黄斑血流密度的改变和临床意义.方法:收集28例47眼DR患者纳入研究组(DR组),依据DR国际临床分期标准将DR患眼分为两组,其中非增殖组(NPDR组)19例30眼和增殖组(PDR组)11例17眼.取年龄相匹配的27例46眼健康眼作为对照组.所有入选受试者均应用OCTA对黄斑区视网膜行3mm×3mm范围模式扫描,获得4个层面黄斑血流密度图,同时测量3个层面黄斑血流密度,包括表层视网膜层、深层视网膜层和脉络膜毛细血管层.结果:DR组表层视网膜、深层视网膜及脉络膜层毛细血管层黄斑血流密度分别为0.4963±0.0840、0.4798±0.0801、0.5290±0.0528;其中NPDR组分别为0.5064±0.0843、0.4983±0.0766、0.5345±0.0529,而PDR组分别为0.4786±0.0830、0.4473±0.0778、0.5192±0.0526;正常对照组分别为0.5919±0.0704、0.6301±0.0527、0.5691±0.0169.对照组分别和NPDR组、PDR组、DR组表层视网膜、深层视网膜、脉络膜毛细血管层的黄斑血流密度比较,差异有显著统计学差异(P<0.001).NPDR组和PDR组之间黄斑血流密度在深层视网膜比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.029),但在表层视网膜、脉络膜毛细血管层比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.236、0.268).结论:DR患者黄斑血流密度在表层视网膜、深层视网膜和脉络膜毛细血管层均较正常对照组下降,提示黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜均存在缺血现象.OCTA可以量化黄斑血流变化的情况,为早期监测糖尿病的进展、发现DR提供有效手段.     

玻璃体切除术同期联合白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗PDR

目的：探究玻璃体切除术同期联合白内障超声乳化吸除术对PDR患者视力、眼压、CMT及术后并发症的影响。

方法：将2015-02/2017-02我院收治的PDR患者90例98眼根据自愿原则分为：A组(玻璃体切除术同期联合晶状体切除术,45例50眼),B组(玻璃体切除术同期联合白内障超声乳化吸除术,45例48眼)。术后随访6mo,比较两组视力改善情况、手术前后眼压、CMT及术后并发症发生率。

结果：术后B组视力改善情况显著优于A组,视力提高率显著高于A组(P<0.05); 两组术前、术后眼压均无差异(P>0.05); 术后两组CMT均有显著降低,两组CMT无差异(P>0.05); B组INV、囊膜混浊、角膜水肿、瞳孔挟持、硬性渗出术后并发症发生率均显著低于A组(P<0.05)。

结论：玻璃体切除术同期联合白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗PDR疗效明显,可促进患者术后视力恢复,降低CMT,且并发症风险较低。     

糖尿病黄斑水肿相关因素分析

目的:探讨糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)与糖尿病病程和视力之间的关系。方法: 回顾性分析40例40眼荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescence fundus angiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)确诊的DME患者的检查结果、糖尿病病程和视力等临床资料。分析各种类型DME与以上相关因素的关系。结果: DME患者40例40眼中,局限型DME14眼(35%),弥漫型20眼(50%),囊样水肿6眼(15%)。患者的视力与DME的类型具有显著相关性(r=-0.835,P=0.000),黄斑囊样水肿较局限型水肿对视力的损害更严重。糖尿病病程与DME的类型具有显著相关性(r=0.472,P=0.002)。结论: DME与糖尿病病程、视力均存在显著相关性。     

The correlation between fluorescein angiographic and optical coherence tomographic features in clinically significant diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between the features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography in clinically significant diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: This study involved 145 eyes (91 patients) with clinically significant diabetic macular edema. The fluorescein angiography features were categorized into focal leakage type, diffuse leakage type, and diffuse cystoid leakage type. The OCT features were categorized into four types: type 1, thickening with homogeneous optical reflectivity; type 2, thickening with markedly decreased optical reflectivity in the outer retinal layer; type 3A, foveolar detachment without traction; and type 3B, foveolar detachment with apparent vitreofoveal traction. The correlation between fluorescein angiography types and OCT types were analyzed, and their associations with visual acuity, central foveal thickness. and stages of diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of OCT type 1 was higher in the focal leakage type (73.0%) and in the diffuse leakage type (58.9%) than in the diffuse cystoid leakage type (3.8%) of fluorescein angiography (P <.0001). The prevalence of OCT type 2 and 3A was higher in the diffuse cystoid leakage type (57.7% and 34.6%, respectively) than in the focal leakage type (20.6% and 3.2%) or diffuse leakage type(28.6% and 10.7%; P <.0001). The stages of retinopathy correlated with fluorescein angiography types (P =.016). Optical coherence tomography type 1 and the focal leakage type of fluorescein angiography showed the least foveal thickness and the best visual acuity (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between the features of OCT and fluorescein angiography in clinically significant diabetic macular edema. The combined data from both OCT and fluorescein angiography may provide a clearer understanding of the anatomic and physiologic characteristics of clinically significant diabetic macular edema.     

Changes in the Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness and Central Macular Thickness after Argon Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) as measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) post-argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Methods: The medical records of 25 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) who underwent PRP, 29 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 29 patients with diabetes but without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were analyzed. The patients who received PRP were followed up for one year. The follow-up measurements were evaluated at baseline, and months 1, 6, and 12 post-argon laser PRP. The baseline values of CMT and GCC thickness were compared among the groups to assess changes with PRP therapy. Results: The CMT gradually increased in months 1 and 6 and then decreased; however, it was significantly higher than the baseline value at month 12 in the PDR group post-PRP. The GCC thickness also increased at months 1 and 6 in almost all segments of the macula, but at month 12 decreased to the baseline value. There was no correlation between the increasing thickness of the macula and change in the GCC thickness post-PRP period in the PDR group. In addition, no significant correlation was detected between the GCC thickness and best-corrected visual acuity during all follow-up visits. Conclusions: GCC thickness increased significantly until month 6 compared with baseline values in most of the macular segments post-PRP in the PDR group. The GCC thickness at month 12 was not different from the baseline thickness in any of the macular segments.     

无黄斑水肿的NPDR患者中心凹区mfERG与视网膜厚度的研究

目的：分析非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)无黄斑水肿的患者黄斑中心凹区视网膜功能及厚度间的关系。

方法：选取NPDR患者20例35眼患眼为糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)组,行多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electronic retinography, mfERG)及Spectralis 相干断层扫描(Spectralis optical coherence tomography,Spectralis OCT)检查。以15例20眼正常眼为OCT对照组,以19例20眼正常眼为mfERG对照组,OCT对照组做Spectralis OCT检查,mfERG对照组做mfERG检查。

结果：与对照组相比,DR组黄斑中心凹mfERG1环的P1波反应密度减小,P1波及N1波隐含期改变无统计学意义; DR组无水肿的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、神经上皮层厚度仍有显著增加。

结论：应用mfERG可以在视网膜无可见明显结构改变之前发现视网膜功能上的异常变化; Spectralis OCT可以测量视网膜各层厚度,反映视网膜精细结构变化,验证视网膜功能上的异常改变,二者联合应用为极早期发现糖尿病视网膜病变视功能改变提供有效的证据,并为及时治疗提供资料。     

Quantitative assessment of retinal thickness in diabetic patients with and without clinically significant macular edema using optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE: To assess patients with diabetic macular edema quantitatively using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: OCT was performed in 14 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmoscopic evidence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and in 19 diabetic eyes without CSME. Retinal thickness was computed from the tomograms at fovea and other 36 locations throughout the macula. RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation foveal thickness was 255.6 +/- 138.9 microm in eyes with CSME, and 174.6 +/- 38.2 microm in eyes without CSME (p = 0.051). Within 2000 microm of the center of the macula, eyes with CSME had significantly thicker retina in the inferior quadrant than those without CSME (p < 0.01). The foveal thickness was correlated with logMAR visual acuity (gamma = 0.68, p < 0.01). OCT identified sponge-like retinal swelling and/or cystoid macular edema in 11 (58%) eyes without CSME, and in 12 (86%) eyes with CSME. CONCLUSIONS: Criteria of CSME seem to be insufficient in really identifying macular edema. OCT may be more sensitive than a clinical examination in assessing diabetic macular edema and is a quantitative tool for documenting changes in macular thickening.