锌铜铁钙镁钾钠含量测定及其高血压合并高血脂症关系的研究

目的:探讨高血压合并高血脂症患者血清锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、钾(K)、钠(Na)含量变化及其临床意义。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度计、全自动生化分析仪和试剂盒分别检测了44例高血压合并高血脂症患者、42例单纯高血压病患者血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na及胆固醇(Ch)、甘油三脂(TG)、载脂蛋白A-I(Apo A-I)、载脂蛋白B(Apo B),并与30例正常对照组进行比较分析。结果:高血压合并高血脂症患者的血清Zn、Fe、Mg、Na、Na/K、Zn/Cu及Ch、TG、Apo B均明显高于单纯高血压组和对照组,血清Cu、Ca、K、Ca/Mg及Apo A-I、Apo A-I/Apo B则低于单纯高血压组及对照组,血清Cu、Ca、K、Ca/Mg及Apo A-I、Apo A-I/Apo B比值与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)呈负相关,而Zn、Mg、Na、Na/K和Zn/Cu则呈显著正相关;Cu、K、Ca、Ca/Mg与Ch和TG均呈显著负相关,而Zn、Fe、Mg、Na、Na/K、Zn/Cu与Ch、TG、Apo B均呈显著正相关;SBP和DBP与Ch和TG均呈显著正相关。结论:血清中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Na含量的变化与高血压合并高血脂症的发生发展有密切的关系。     

微量、宏量元素与高血压——我国四个地区、六个人群、三个民族的对比分析

以等离子发射光谱仪测血清Fe、Mo、Ni、Pb、Si、Sn、Sr、V、Ca、Mg、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Zn,以F-78型脉冲极谱仪测Se,观察我国四个地区、六个人群(三个民族)共325名男性(40～59岁)的元素—血压(BP)关系,发现元素水平有地区、民族差别;血清Pb、Ni、Si、Sn、V、Cd、Cr间相关系数大,而Sr则具相对独立性;从多因子逐步回归和判别分析,Sr无论在正常血压、高血压和总合并组,恒定与血压正性联系;在部分组Ca(Ca/Mg)、Fe、Co与血压正性联系,血Cr、Sn与血压负性联系;有害元素Cd在血压水平较高的人群水平反低,与血压反而呈负性联系,可能系元素在体内组织和血中分布不一致的缘故。研究并提示,在高血压组必需元素Ni、V、Co、Cr水平较低;血Ca与尿Ca水平不并行,前者不能完全反映Ca摄入量。     

高血压病低发区彝、汉族农民饮食调查及其血、尿生化指标研究

本文对高血压病低发区贵州威宁彝、汉族农民55人进行了饮食调查,并对173人作了有关营养的血、尿生化指标测定和分析。结果表明蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物等三大主要营养素与血压的关系尚不能找到一致规律,高钾低钠饮食可能与本组高血压低发有关,特别是摄入的和尿中Na/K比值与血压关系更为密切。钙与血压的关系比较复杂,若钙镁摄入量比例适度对高血压的防治具有意义。脂类代谢与血压可能存在一定内在联系,而吸烟程度与血压有较肯定的关系。     

干热环境人群血、尿中8种元素水平的研究

[目的]研究干热环境对人群体内元素水平的影响.[方法]采用法国产JY-70型电感耦合等离子体光源光量计(ICP)测定抽样人群血、尿、中8种元素水平.[结果]抽样人群夏季血清中Fe、Zn、Se、Ca夏季含量明显降低(P＜0.05),农民夏季血清中Fe和Li的含量明显低于对照人群;农民和对照组人群夏季尿中K、Na、Ca、Li明显高于冬季节(P＜0.05),抽样人群夏季尿中Na、Ca、Mg、Li明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]干热环境可导致人群体内一些元素水平的下降.     

女性血压与尿中钠、钾浓度的关系

作者为了解血压和Na、K的摄入量关系,对罔山县西南部脑卒中死亡率较低的510名(40～69岁)女性居民调查其血压与尿中Na、K浓度间的关系。 在室温(>20℃)中采尿后随即测血压,同时测定尿比重,部分尿送实验室以柯勒曼51型、51Ca型荧光光度计测定Na、K浓度(以1.024尿比重校正之)。 调查对象的高血压程度: Sp/Dp在>160/95mmHg者占11.8％,年龄45岁的占4.8％,50岁的占10.7％,60岁的占20％;均值:Sp及K浓度的均值随年龄的增加而有升高的倾向,Na/K比呈下降倾向;与血压的关系:Na浓度与血压呈正相关但无显著意义,除40岁     

妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇产后遗留高血压者的影响因素研究

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇产后遗留高血压者的可能影响因素。方法:对该院妊娠期高血压疾病初产妇产后5~11年跟踪随访,关注其血压转归情况,根据现在随访血压情况,分为遗留高血压组(n=61例)和无遗留高血压组(n=164例),并随机选取该院同期无妊娠期高血压疾病的妇女,随访当时仍无高血压的妇女作为正常血压对照组(n=70例),研究对象填写调查问卷,并进行体检和实验室检查,测定其一般指标,如体重、身高、血糖、血脂等,其中肾功能包括血尿素氮、血肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、血尿β2-微球蛋白浓度。结果:与正常血压组和无遗留高血压组比较,遗留高血压组的高血压家族史、体重指数、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸均高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);尿微量白蛋白和血、尿β2-微球蛋白均增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:遗留高血压组的一般指标与原发性高血压有相同的心血管危险因素,遗留高血压组患者遗留早期肾损害。     

营养、代谢与高血压、卒中

蛋白质据报道,素食者血压随年龄上升较缓,血胆固醇浓度较低;动物蛋白摄入量与冠心病死亡率正相关。高动物蛋白摄入在动物可引起升压。作者在国内通过对4个地区8个人群、4个民族的研究,发现反映蛋白摄入量的血清总蛋白、白蛋白与血压值正相关;且在高血压患者其水平也较高。这不但在以摄入动物蛋白为主的人如此,而且在以摄入植物蛋白为主的人群也显示出这种关系。因此,高蛋白摄入似能升压,这在居民膳食中蛋白成分比例日渐升高的今天,从预防高血压发生     

2型糖尿病患者高尿酸血症与血管并发症相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者的高尿酸血症与血管并发症的相关性.方法 对468例2型楮尿病患者的血尿酸及血管病变的相关性进行分析,根据血尿酸水平分为高尿酸水平组和正常尿酸水平组,分析两组患者的大血管和微血管病变发生率的差别.结果 高尿酸组的体重指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、尿微量白蛋白,以及高血压、冠心病、糖尿病肾病合并率均高于尿酸正常组;而高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)低于尿酸正常组,差异均有统计学意义.血尿酸水平与BMI、BUN、HDL、TG、空腹血稽(FPG)密切相关.结论 2型糖尿病患者的血尿酸水平与高血压、冠心病合并率密切相关,与肥胖、脂代谢紊乱、肾功能等危险因素密切相关.预防糖尿病的慢性并发症不仅要生活方式干预,控制体重、血糖、血压、血脂,还应密切注意尿酸代谢.     

新发2型糖尿病患者尿蛋白与代谢综合征相关性观察

目的分析新发2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白增高与血压、血脂及体重指数的相关性。方法筛选41例新发2型糖尿病患者,根据24h尿微量白蛋白定量分为两组,A组尿微量蛋白≥30mg,24例;B组尿微量蛋白30mg,17例,对比两组血压、血脂、体重指数情况,进行统计学分析。结果新发2型糖尿病24h尿微量白蛋白增高组患者的血压(BP)、体重指数(IBM)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均高于24h尿微量白蛋白正常组。结论长期未接受治疗的代谢综合征促使肾脏损伤进行性发展,导致2型糖尿病患者发病初期即出现尿微量白蛋白超标。     

人体某些元素含量和三磷酸腺苷酶活性与血糖关系的研究

目的探讨人体Al、Pb、Cr含量、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性与血糖之间的相关性.方法分别检测32例铝作业工人、42例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者及37例健康人群的血清Al、Pb、Cr含量、红细胞膜Na+*K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase活性水平及空腹血糖,分析其相关性.结果铝作业工人血Al、Pb、Cr含量及血糖水平明显高于健康对照组,糖尿病患者Al、Pb含量较高,Cr含量偏低,而红细胞膜Na+*K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase铝作业工人、糖尿病患者均低于健康人群.结论铝作业工人可能因Al、Pb含量增加引起葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)活性降低诱发血糖升高,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者ATPase活性降低可能与Cr、Pb、Al含量有关.     

不同性别人群血压与血清7种元素相关性逐步回归分析

通过对中国脑中风高发区、低发区１５个省、市、自治区的流行病学调查监测，分性别对血清中常量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ的含量与血压进行了逐步回归分析，探讨了脑中风主要危险因素高血压与血清中７种金属元素含量的相关性，结果发现男性血压与血清中Ｎａ（收缩压）、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ和Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比（舒张压）呈正相关，与Ｃａ／Ｍｇ比负相关；女性血压与Ｋ、Ｃａ（收缩压）、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ含量和Ｎａ／Ｋ比、Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比呈正相关。     

吸烟对微量元素的影响及与血压和血脂的关系

为了探讨７种元素与血压和血脂的关系，采用原子吸收和火焰光谱分析法，检测了吸烟者和不吸烟者血清微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和常量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的含量，经统计学处理结果发现，吸烟者血清Ｎａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ及Ｎａ／Ｋ、Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ明显高于不吸烟者，而Ｃａ／Ｍｇ则明显低于不吸烟者。提示吸烟者血压、ＨＣＴ、Ｃｈ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ、ＶＬＤＬ－ｃｈ、ＡｐｏＢ升高，而ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ降低与７种元素含量变化有密切的关系。     

A functional biological marker is needed for diagnosing magnesium deficiency

Functional biological markers or biomarkers are now available for many nutrients which are used as nutritional status markers. Most sources of these biomarkers are products or precursors of enzymatic processes that can be measured in serum and plasma. At this time measurements of total or ionized magnesium (Mg) in serum, plasma, cellular components, urine or Mg retention from a load test are performed, but they may not always reflect Mg nutritional status. Biomarkers for Mg are needed which would reflect changes in biochemical processes where Mg is involved. Biomarkers for Mg need to be identified and evaluated in both animals and humans, with a determination of possible factors that may affect the reaction and biomarker concentrations. Some possible biomarkers for Mg include the following: Na/K ATPase, thromboxane B2, C-reactive protein, and endothelin-1. Other possible biomarkers for Mg need to be identified.     

血液和尿液中化学元素与尿石症发病关系的研究

目的：探讨血、尿化学元素及尿石症发病的关系。方法：基于医院病例对照研究设计，按1：1配对选取尿石症新发病人和对照60对，收集空腹血清和尿液，ICP－AES法测定血清和尿液中钙、镁、钾、钠和微量元素，离子分析仪检测尿液中草酸、柠檬酸和尿酸，自由溶液毛细管电泳测定尿肌酐。结果：血和尿液中钾、钠、钙、镁含量在病例和对照组差异无显著性意义，而尿钙／镁比值尿石症病例高于对照组；血12种微量元素中，除钴和锶，其余两组差异无显著性意义；尿液中经肌酐调整的锂和钼病例组高于对照组，而锌含量病例组较低，其余10种微量元素两组间差异无显著性意义，尿液中枸缘酸对照组高于尿石症病例组。结论：血钴、锶和尿锂、钼、锌含量与尿石症发病有关，尿枸缘酸可能是尿结石的抑制因子。     

孕妇营养状况与胎儿生长发育关系的探讨——Ⅱ.孕期母血中某些生化指标的改变与脐血中相应指标以及某些膳食因素的关系

作者测定了101名正常孕妇不同孕期血中及胎儿脐血中血清总蛋白、白蛋白、运铁蛋白、血红蛋白、钙、铁、锌,铜的含量,并在采血的同时作了膳食调查。结果提示,随着妊娠的进展,母体血清总蛋白、血清铁、锌和血红蛋白含量下降。如将母血中上述指标与胎儿脐血中相应指标的含量作单相关分析,可见孕后期母血中铁、钙和锌与脐血中含量呈正相关。用逐步回归分析,与母血总蛋白关系最密切的膳食因素为总热量;与血钙、血锌、血铁关系最密切的膳食因素分别为总钙摄入;动物性食品量;肉、鱼类食品与维生素C摄入量,血红蛋白则与食物中总热能和血清铁关系最大。单相关分析指出血清钙与膳食中总蛋白质摄入,动物性钙,乳类食品摄入量也呈正相关。     

Magnesium and hypertension.

Essential hypertension (EHT) is one of the most common risk factors for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which in turn are among the most common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Drug treatment of EHT has proven effective in lessening the risk of CVD, but has attendant risk of side effects, some of which are of risk to the CV system. Thus, increasing attention is being paid to non-drug treatment of EHT, which includes changing the daily intake of such electrolytes as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Decreasing Na intake to control blood pressure (BP) is well established. On the basis of epidemiologic and experimental studies, increasing K and/or Mg intakes, and increasing of decreasing Ca intakes, have each been proposed to have beneficial effects of BP. Presented here is a review of the background data supporting the rationale for adding Mg to the anti-hypertensive regimen. There is evidence that Mg can exert a favorable effect in EHT, particularly when used in combination with K during diuretic therapy.     

Magnesium and hypertension

Essential hypertension (EHT) is one of the most common risk factors for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which in turn are among the most common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Drug treatment of EHT has proven effective in lessening the risk of CVD, but has attendant risk of side effects, some of which are of risk to the CV system. Thus, increasing attention is being paid to non-drug treatment of EHT, which includes changing the daily intake of such electrolytes as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Decreasing Na intake to control blood pressure (BP) is well established. On the basis of epidemiologic and experimental studies, increasing K and/or Mg intakes, and increasing of decreasing Ca intakes, have each been proposed to have beneficial effects of BP. Presented here is a review of the background data supporting the rationale for adding Mg to the anti-hypertensive regimen. There is evidence that Mg can exert a favorable effect in EHT, particularly when used in combination with K during diuretic therapy.     

Nutritional factors in stroke

Observational studies support the role of modifying lifestyle-related risk factors such as diet, physical activity and alcohol use in stroke prevention. For example, increased Na intake is associated with hypertension, and reduction in salt consumption may significantly lower blood pressure and may reduce stroke mortality. Moderately elevated homocysteine levels may be associated with stroke and are associated with deficiency of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. Consumption of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, folate, K, Ca, Mg, dietary fibre, fish and milk may protect against stroke. Regular physical activity may also protect against stroke through its role in controlling various risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The role of fat intake as a risk factor for stroke remains uncertain, whereas the association between stroke and cholesterol has more convincingly been demonstrated by the recent intervention trials using statins. There is also evidence that a low serum albumin may be causally linked to stroke risk and outcome and that a significant number of stroke patients are undernourished on admission and their nutritional status deteriorates further whilst in hospital. Undernutrition is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and nutritional supplements may have some beneficial effect on some outcome measures.