帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对肿瘤术后淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的研究帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对肿瘤术后淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法择期肿瘤外科手术患者40例,随机均分为2组:Ⅰ组麻醉诱导前30 min静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(稀释为2 mL);Ⅱ组给予生理盐水2 mL。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、术毕(T1)、术后24 h(T2)、术后48 h(T3)抽取外周静脉血2 mL,测定T细胞分化抗原(CD3+)、辅助性T细胞(CD4+)、抑制性T细胞(CD8+)的表达及NK细胞水平。结果两组患者的术后镇痛效果良好。与麻醉前比较,术毕2组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞水平均明显下降(P<0.05)。术后24 h,Ⅰ组CD3+、CD4+及NK明显高于Ⅱ组;术后48 h,Ⅰ组CD4+/CD8+明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论两组患者的细胞免疫功能在术后短期均受到不同程度的抑制,但帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对细胞免疫功能有一定的保护作用。     

复方苦参注射液对胃癌术后化疗患者免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨复方苦参注射液对胃癌术后化疗患者的免疫增强作用。方法：将40例胃癌术后化疗患者随机分成两组，对照组给予氟尿嘧啶＋亚叶酸钙＋奥沙利铂化疗，试验组所用化疗方案与对照组相同，同时在化疗的第1～5天给予复方苦参注射液20mL／d。所有患者均用流式细胞仪测定其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）数量，并进行对照分析。结呆：对照组化疗后外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋、NK细胞数量及CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞比值较化疗前显著下降（P〈0．05），CD8^＋细胞水平显著升高（P〈0．05）；试验组化疗后外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋、NK细胞数量及CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞比值较化疗前无显著差异（P〉0．05）。化疗后试验组外周血CD3^＋、CD4^＋、NK细胞数量及CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞比值均较对照组显著升高（P〈0．05），CD8^＋细胞水平与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：复方苦参注射液能有效增强胃癌术后化疗患者的免疫功能。     

腹腔镜和开腹修补术对老年上消化道溃疡穿孔患者PCT 及细胞免疫影响的比较

摘要： 目的 探讨老年上消化道溃疡穿孔腹腔镜修补手术的效果, 及手术前后降钙素原（PCT）及细胞免疫功能的变化特点。方法 选取 44 例老年上消化道溃疡穿孔行修补手术患者, 其中腹腔镜组 20 例, 开腹组 24 例, 分别于术前 0.5 h 和术后 24 h、 48 h、 第 7 天抽取患者空腹静脉血, 采用胶体免疫结合法测定 PCT, 流式细胞仪测定 T 淋巴细胞亚群 （CD3+、 CD4+、 CD8+） 及自然杀伤 （NK） 细胞水平。观察 2 组手术并发症、 术后住院时间。结果 术前腹腔镜组与开腹组血清 PCT 差异无统计学意义; 2 组患者术前 0.5 h CD3+、 CD4+、 CD8+水平和 NK 细胞活性差异均无统计学意义; 术后 24 h、 48 h 腹腔镜组 PCT 水平均低于开腹组 （P＜0.05）; 腹腔镜组与开腹组 CD3+、 CD4+、 CD8+、 NK 细胞随时间变化差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）; 术后 24 h 2 组 CD3+、 CD4+、 CD8+较术前均明显降低, 且除 CD8+外, 开腹组均低于腹腔镜组, 差异均有统计学意义; 术后 48 h 腹腔镜组 CD3+、 CD4+、 CD8+恢复至术前水平, 而开腹组患者 CD3+术后第 7 天仍未恢复至术前水平; 术后 24 h 2 组 NK 细胞较术前降低, 2 组间比较差异无统计学意义; 术后 48 h 腹腔镜组 NK 细胞恢复至术前水平, 开腹组 NK 细胞与术前相比差异亦无统计学意义; 与开腹组相比, 腹腔镜组术后并发症少, 术后住院时间短。结论 腹腔镜上消化道溃疡穿孔修补手术对老年患者机体应激反应及免疫功能影响较小, 在免疫功能保护上具有优势。     

Effect of hyperthermic water bath on parameters of cellular immunity

Effects of hyperthermic water bath on selected immune parameters (lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cell counts and their activity) were studied in a group of 10 volunteers. Application of hyperthermic water bath (both topical and whole-body) was followed by a significant reduction of relative B lymphocyte counts. Whole-body hyperthermic water bath reduced relative total T lymphocyte counts, increased relative CD8+ T lymphocyte and NK cell counts and increased NK activity. Whole-body hyperthermic bath increased somatotropic hormone (STH) activity in eight out of 10 volunteers; higher relative counts of CD8+ lymphocytes and NK cells were observed compared with the group of volunteers not responding to hyperthermic water bath by STH secretion. In five volunteers STH was released in response to local hyperthermic water bath and the NK activity of lymphocytes also increased but their relative counts did not. The results suggest that these increases in CD8+ lymphocyte and NK cell counts are probably dependent on increased STH production.     

The Interaction of Maintenance Interferon with Cytolytic Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Responded to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Study Objective . To determine the long-term effects of maintenance interferon on CD56+ and CD3+ cell activity. Design . Prospective phase II trial. Setting . Tertiary medical center and level 2 Veterans Administration hospital. Patients . Seven patients (age 45–74 yrs) with multiple myeloma who had reached the plateau phase from cytotoxic chemotherapy, and seven age- and sex-matched controls. Interventions . All patients were given interferon-α2b 3 × 10⁶ U/m² 3 times/week. Measurements and Main Results . The CD56+, CD3+, and CD16+ counts were determined by flow cytometry in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. Natural killer (NK) cell functional activity was determined by a ⁵¹chromium release assay. Monocyte cell numbers were determined from the white blood cell count with differential. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the 24-week study, the peripheral blood CD3+ and monocyte counts in patients with myeloma remained constant (p>0.39) but their absolute CD56+ counts decreased significantly (p=0.05). In peripheral blood, CD56+, CD16-, CD3- was the predominant phenotype in patients. The predominant phenotype in bone marrow was CD56+, CD16-, CD3+ at baseline but changed to CD56+, CD16-, CD3- by week 24. The cytolytic activity of NK cells significantly increased in bone marrow (p=0.05) whereas it remained stable in the peripheral blood (p=0.55), but only half that of the controls. Concentrations of IL-6 did not increase significantly during the study. Conclusion . In peripheral blood, NK cell activity remained stable in patients but was significantly lower than that in controls, probably secondary to the predominance of the CD56+, CD16-, CD3- phenotype in the patients. In contrast, NK cell activity increased significantly in bone marrow despite the predominance of the CD56+, CD16-, CD3- phenotype by week 24.     

过敏性紫癜患儿淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的研究过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其临床意义。方法收集45例HSP患儿(A组),其中肾炎型15例(A1组),非肾炎型30例(A2组);另选25例健康儿童为对照组(C组)。采用流式细胞术检测外周血中CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD19+、CD3-CD19+CD23+以及CD3-(CD16+CD56+)的表达水平。结果与C组相比,A组CD3+T细胞数量、CD4+T细胞数量、CD4/CD8比例、CD3-(CD16+CD56+)NK细胞数量均下降(P<0.05),而CD3-CD19+B细胞及CD3-CD19+CD23+B细胞数量明显增加(P<0.05),其中A1组上述指标变化较A2组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论 HSP患儿T、B和NK细胞数量和功能发生明显变化,表明免疫功能紊乱可能是导致肾脏损伤的重要原因之一。     

Production of physical dependence in rats by drinking a morphine solution

The plasma concentrations of morphine and glucose, the body weight, and the severity of the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome were studied in female rats in which morphine dependence was induced by administration of the opiate, with or without sucrose, in their drinking water. It was found that sucrose encouraged the animals to consume more morphine and that the initial plasma concentrations of the opiate, as well as the rate of development of physical dependence, were higher than the group not given sucrose. Plasma glucose concentrations, maximum plasma morphine levels and the maximum severity of the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome were, however, not significantly different between the two groups. The findings suggest that both regimens of administering the opiate in drinking fluid are effective in inducing morphine dependence in rats; the addition of sucrose tends to speed up the development of physical dependence, probably by increasing intake of the opiate through consuming more sucrose solution.     

大肠癌患者围手术期CD3+T细胞与NK细胞的改变

目的观察大肠癌患者手术前后CD3 T细胞与NK细胞量的改变,探讨手术对大肠癌患者免疫功能的影响。方法流式细胞术检测外周血CD3 T细胞与NK细胞的量。结果大肠癌组手术前后CD3 T细胞与NK细胞绝对计数均低于健康对照组,术前CD3 T细胞百分率低于术后组,差异均有显著性;大肠癌组术前术后其绝对计数比较,术前术CD3 T细胞、NK细胞百分率与健康对照组比较,NK细胞百分率术前术后比较,差异均无显著性。大肠癌患者CD3 T细胞与NK细胞量与病理分期相关,病理分期越晚,细胞免疫功能越低,C期和D期变化最显著。结论大肠癌患者细胞免疫功能低下,病理分期越晚,细胞免疫功能越低。手术去瘤在消除肿瘤源性免疫抑制的同时也加重了机体的免疫损伤,术后短期内并不能改变肿瘤患者免疫功能低下的状态。     

In vivo modulation of the circulating lymphocyte subsets and monocytes by androgen

Androgens influence some immunological processes, including alternation of the number and function of the circulating lymphocytes and monocytes. In the present study, the effects of three different doses of testosterone on the numbers and percentages of the peripheral blood cells were investigated; the lymphocyte subsets were determined and the proliferation of lymphocyte was detected. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg or only vehicle, respectively. Compared with controls, the results of complete blood counts showed that the absolute and relative numbers of monocytes decreased. The lymphocyte subpopulations determined by flow cytometry indicated an increase in CD8+ T cells, whereas the CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ T cells remained unchanged. Thus, the immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+ ratio) decreased. The proliferative activities determined by MTT assay were down-regulated. In conclusion, the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone may be attributed to a decline in number of monocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and proliferative activities together with an increase of CD8+ T cells in Sprague-Dawley rats.     

加味参附汤戒毒治疗作用的实验研究

目的观察中药复方制剂加味参附汤 (MSFD)的戒毒治疗作用并探讨其机理。方法连续剂量递增腹腔注射吗啡造成吗啡依赖小鼠及大鼠模型 ,灌胃给予不同剂量MSFD后观察上述模型动物在戒断后第 2d、第 6d由纳洛酮引起的催促戒断反应 ,测定吗啡依赖小鼠在戒断后第 6d的免疫功能指标及吗啡依赖大鼠在戒断后第 2d、第 6d下丘脑内NA、5 HT、DA的含量、戒断后第 6d下丘脑内 β 内啡肽 ( β End)、亮氨酸脑啡肽 (Leu Enk)和强啡肽 (Dyn)的含量及下丘脑弓状核中阿黑皮素原 (POMC)mRNA的表达情况。结果MSFD能明显抑制吗啡依赖小鼠及大鼠戒断后第 2d、第 6d的催促戒断反应 ,MSFD联合丁丙诺啡治疗疗效增强。戒断后第 6d ,吗啡依赖小鼠出现脾脏和胸腺萎缩 ,巨噬细胞功能、外周血T淋巴细胞总数及对PHA的增殖反应、脾T淋巴细胞CD+ 4百分率及CD+ 4/CD+ 8比值下降 ,MSFD能不同程度地减轻上述改变 ,丁丙诺啡治疗作用不显著。吗啡依赖大鼠戒断后第 2d、第 6d下丘脑内NA、5 HT含量增多 ,DA含量减少 ,戒断后第 6d下丘脑内β End、Leu Enk含量及弓状核内POMCmRNA表达减少 ,下丘脑内Dyn含量增多 ;MSFD能促进上述改变趋向正常 ,但对Dyn含量无显著影响 ;MSFD联合丁丙诺啡治疗 ,能减少丁丙诺啡对单胺类神经递质及内阿片肽的影响 ,加速?     

抗肿瘤药物对职业接触护士免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨职业接触抗肿瘤药物对护士免疫功能的影响。方法:选择接触抗肿瘤药物5年以上,每日接触5人次以上护士为接触组;无抗肿瘤药物接触史的健康志愿者为对照组。抽取接触组及正常对照组外周静脉血各3mL,EDTA抗凝血各2mL,利用我院血清免疫球蛋白常规检测方法及流式细胞仪技术观察血清免疫球蛋白及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果:血清免疫球蛋白IgG接触组较正常对照组减少,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);血清免疫球蛋白IgM、IgA接触组与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P<0.05);接触组T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+细胞下降,与对照组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。CD8+有上升趋势,CD4+/CD8+比值有下降趋势,两组比较无显著性差异;CD3+及NK细胞接触组与对照组比较也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:职业接触抗肿瘤药物可能减低护士的体液免疫功能。     

Behavioral expression of opiate withdrawal is altered after prefrontocortical dopamine depletion in rats: monoaminergic correlates.

The objective of this study was to establish the effects of prefrontocortical dopamine depletion on opiate withdrawal and prefrontocortical neurochemical changes elicited by morphine dependence and withdrawal. The dopaminergic content was also measured in the nucleus accumbens during withdrawal, in order to detect reactive changes induced by prefrontocortical lesion. Withdrawal was induced by naloxone in morphine-dependent rats. Monoamine levels were analyzed post-mortem by high performance liquid cromatography. The results showed that chronic morphine dependence did not modify basal levels of monoamines in sham rats, revealing neuroadaptation of prefrontocortical dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin systems to chronic morphine. The neuroadaptive phenomenon remained after prefrontocortical lesion (> 79% dopamine depletion). On the other hand, a strong increase of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin contents in the medial prefrontal cortex of sham rats was detected during opiate withdrawal. However, in lesioned rats, the increase of prefrontocortical dopamine and serotonin content, but not that of noradrenaline, was much lower. In the nucleus accumbens, prefrontocortical lesion reactively enhanced the dopaminergic tone and, although opiate withdrawal reduced dopaminergic activity in both sham and lesioned rats, this reduction was less intense in the latter group. At a behavioral level, some symptoms of physical opiate withdrawal were exacerbated in lesioned rats (writhing, mastication, teeth-chattering, global score) and exploration was reduced. The findings hence indicate that: (i) prefrontocortical monoaminergic changes play a role in the behavioral expression of opiate withdrawal; (ii) the severity of some withdrawal signs are related to the dopaminergic and serotonergic tone of the medial prefrontal cortex rather than to the noradrenergic one, and (iii) an inverse relationship between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems exists.     

热化疗对肺癌术后患者淋巴细胞绝对数值的影响

目的分析热化疗对肺癌术后的近期疗效及其对患者外周血淋巴细胞绝对数值的影响。方法采用流式细胞术检测36例肺癌术后患者热化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞绝对数值，并与正常对照作比较。结果患者热化疗前后淋巴细胞绝对数值均低于正常对照值（P〈0.05）。热化疗有效者总T细胞（CD3^＋）、辅助T淋巴细胞（CD3^＋,CD4^＋）、NK细胞（CD16^＋CD56^＋）均显著升高（P〈0．05），抑制T淋巴细胞（CD3^＋,CD8^＋）降低但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），B细胞（CD19^＋）变化不显著（P〉0.05）。热化疗无效者CD3^＋、CD3^＋,CD4^＋、CD16^＋,CD56^＋显著降低（P〈0．05），而CD3^＋,CD8^＋、CD19^＋变化不明显（P〉0．05）。结论肺癌患者免疫功能低下，有效热化疗能提高患者的淋巴细胞免疫功能。临床上对患者外周血淋巴细胞绝对数值的观察，有助于对患者的治疗进行监测。     

过期妊娠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞的观察

目的 对过期妊娠无产兆孕妇进行外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞的观察,观察过期妊娠与母体细胞免疫是否有关.方法 选择过期妊娠无产兆孕妇100例为过期组,同时选择孕37～41周先兆临产孕妇100例为对照组.对两组孕妇外周血T淋巴亚群和NK细胞进行测定,同时行血常规检查,结合外周血白细胞计数计算其百分比.结果 正常先兆临产组...     

西洋参茎叶皂苷对CPHD患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的　通过观察西洋参茎叶皂苷对慢性肺原性心脏病 (CPHD)患者细胞免疫功能的影响 ,探讨CPHD患者的发病与机体免疫的关系。方法　采用流式细胞术检测 2 0例CPHD患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK(CD3-/CD16 +5 6 + )细胞 ;RT PCR方法检测IL 2、IFNγmRNA的表达。结果　CPHD患者CD3+ 、CD4 + 、和CD4 /CD8比值明显低于对照组并差异有显著性 ,而CD8+ 细胞高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。PQS治疗后CD3+ 、CD4 + 、CD3-/CD16 +5 6 + 细胞和CD4 /CD8比值都升高 ,其中CD4 + 、CD3+ 细胞与治疗前比较呈显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而CD8+ 细胞与治疗前比较降低 (P <0 0 5 )。西洋参茎叶皂苷 (PQS)能促进T细胞分泌细胞因子IL 2、IFNγmRNA的表达。结论　当CPHD患者免疫功能低下时 ,选用PQS治疗能够提高机体的细胞免疫功能     

Impaired and imbalanced cellular immunological status assessed in advanced cancer patients and restoration of the T cell immune status by adoptive T-cell immunotherapy

Recent progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of antitumor immune responses, which may further clarify the immune status of cancer patients. In this study, we performed a detailed evaluation of the immunological status of 47 patients with advanced solid cancer, who had received no immunosuppressive treatment, and compared the results with 32 healthy subjects. Flow-cytometry data for peripheral blood were obtained using 19 monoclonal antibodies against various cell surface and intracellular molecules. Absolute numbers of T cells, several T cell subsets, B cells, and NK cells were significantly decreased in patients compared with healthy subjects. The percentage of CD27⁺CD45RA⁺ T cells was lower and that of CD27⁻CD45RA⁻ T cells was higher in patients compared with controls. Regulatory and type 2 helper T cells were elevated in patients relative to healthy subjects. The percentage of perforin⁺ NK cells was significantly lower in patients than in controls. These results suggest a dysfunctional anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients. Furthermore, peripheral blood from 26 of 47 cancer patients was analyzed after adoptive T cell immunotherapy (ATI). ATI increased the number of T cell subsets, but not B and NK cells. The number and percentage of regulatory T cells decreased significantly. These results suggest that ATI can restore impaired and imbalanced T cell immune status.     

Immune dysfunction and liver damage of mice following exposure to lanthanoids

In an effort to investigate the effects of exposure to lanthanoids (Ln) on the immune response and liver function, mice were orally exposed to LaCl₃, CeCl₃, and NdCl₃ at 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg doses for 30 days, respectively; lymphocyte counts, serum IgM level, hematological indices, biochemical parameters of liver functions, and histopathological changes in Ln³⁺‐treated mice were assessed. Indeed, 20 mg/kg Ln³⁺ significantly inhibited mice growth and reduced the counts of white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocyte in mice blood. Specifically, in these Ln³⁺‐treated mice, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and NK cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio as well as serum IgM level were decreased. Furthermore, liver function was disrupted, as evidenced by the increased alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acid and triglycerides, and the decreased glucose and ratio of albumin to globulin. The cytoarchitecture damage and fatty degeneration in liver caused by Ln³⁺ at 20 mg/kg dose were also observed. Our findings showed that exposure to Ln affected the cell and humoral immunity and disturbed liver function in mice. In addition, Ce³⁺ was found to exhibit higher toxicity than La³⁺ and Nd³⁺. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 64–73, 2014.     

Phenotypic and functional assessments of immune status in the rat spleen following acute heroin treatment

Heroin use is associated with an increased incidence of several types of infections, including HIV. Yet few studies have assessed whether heroin produces pharmacological alterations of immune status that might contribute to the increased rate of infections amongst heroin users. The present study investigated whether a single administration of heroin to rats produces dose-dependent alterations in functional measures of immune status and in the distribution of leukocyte subsets in the spleen. The results showed that heroin produces a dose-dependent, naltrexone-reversible suppression of the concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation of T cells, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proliferation of B cells, production of interferon-gamma and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in the spleen. Heroin's suppressive effect on NK cell activity results in part from a heroin-induced decrease in the relative number of NKR-P1A(hi) CD3- NK cells in the spleen. Heroin also decreases the percent of a splenic granulocyte subset, the CD11b/c+ HIS48(hi) cells, whose function currently is unknown. In contrast, heroin does not alter relative numbers of CD4+ CD3+ T cells, CD8+ CD3+ T cells, CD45+ B cells, NKR-P1A(lo) CD3+ T cells, CD11b/c+ ED1+ (or CD11b/c+ HIS48-) monocytes/macrophages or CD11b/c+ ED1- (or CD11b/c+ HIS48+) total granulocytes in the spleen. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that heroin produces pharmacological effects on functional and phenotypic measures of immune status.     

Long-term opiate effects on amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and conditioned place preference

Withdrawal following chronic exposure to opiates or other drugs of abuse, administered as frequent doses, or a chronic infusion can cause reductions in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission. However, mesolimbic DA transmission can be enhanced by opiates or psychostimulants administered intermittently as a single daily injection. Both enhanced and attenuated responsiveness of the mesolimbic DA system may have important implications for substance abuse disorders. Previous studies have shown that procedures that use electrical stimulation or drug treatments to augment neurotransmitter release are more effective for demonstrating declines in mesolimbic DA transmission that persist for extended periods following opiate withdrawal. The present study evaluated the effects of pretreatment with noncontingent morphine on amphetamine-induced DA release in the nucleus accumbens core and conditioned place preference (CPP). Morphine pretreatment was administered as a constant infusion, which was gradually increased to a dose of 50 mg/kg/day over a 1-week period in Wistar rats. At 10 days after cessation of morphine pretreatment, baseline dialysate DA levels in the nucleus accumbens core were unchanged, but amphetamine-induced increases in DA were attenuated by greater than 50% in morphine-pretreated animals. Morphine pretreatment did not modify locomotor activity during conditioning sessions, expressed as absolute values or change in activity counts between saline and morphine injections. Place preference, conditioned by two morphine pairings at 10 and 11 days after the onset of opiate withdrawal, was enhanced by opiate pretreatment between 12 and 33 days after the onset of withdrawal. In conclusion, morphine pretreatment delivered as a constant infusion can have pronounced and long-lasting effects on DA release and CPP, which may have important implications for drug-seeking behavior and treatment of substance abuse disorders.