Effects of the antiandrogens cyproterone acetate and niphtholid on free radical oxidation in modeled biological systemsIn vitro

The antioxidant activity of niphtholid is confirmed by inhibition of the slow flash of Fe²⁺-induced chemiluminescence, reduced concentration of TBA-reactive products in egg yolk liposome suspension, and low amplitude of the fast flash in the samples containing microquantities of blood plasma in the presence of the drug. Cyproterone acetate has no effect on free-radical oxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp 524–526, November, 1996     

Antioxidant probucol as an effective scavenger of lipid radicals in low density lipoproteinsin vivo andin vitro

Probucol in concentrations of 10–15 μM effectively inhibits Cu²⁺-induced free radical oxidation of native low density lipoproteins and in concentration of 100 μM it inhibits lipoperoxide formation. The mean plasma concentration of probucol in patients receiving 250 mg of this drug is 25 μM. Both 250 and 1000 mg probucol daily during 3–6 month block the oxidation of isolated low density lipoproteins. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry data showed that probucol incorporatedin vivo into lipoprotein particles interacts with lipid radicals yielding long-lived phenoxyradicals. Probucol can be used in complex therapy of atherosclerosis as an antioxidant drug and its dose required for lipoprotein protection against atherogenic modification can be decreased to 250 mg/day. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 8, pp. 186–189, August, 1999     

Comparison of the effects of various contrast media on the chemiluminescence of rat peritoneal macrophagesin vitro

The effects of contrast media on the chemiluminescence of rat resident and zymosan-activated macrophages were studiedin vitro. Bilignost, hexabrix, omnipaque, and ultravist in a concentration of 10 mg iodine/ml inhibited the production of active oxygen forms in resident and stimulated macrophages, while magnevist and omniscan in a concentration of 2 mg gadolinium/ml were active only in the resident cells, as evidenced by changes in their chemiluminescence. Bilignost, hexabrix, melitrast, omnipaque, peritrast, triombrast, and ultravist in a concentration of 1 mg iodine/ml and magnevist and omniscan in a concentration of 0.2 mg gadolinium/ml activated the spontaneous chemiluminescence of macrophages to a different degree. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 658–661, December, 1998     

Effects of sex hormones on plasma lipid peroxidationin vitro

The effects of sex steroid hormones on the level of plasma lipid peroxidation are studiedin vitro. Estradiol shows pronounced antioxidative activity; progesterone and testosterone slightly suppress lipid peroxidation only when used in high concentrations. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 73–76, July, 1997     

Neutrophil chemiluminescence in active cytomegaloviral infection

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 6, pp. 637–638, June, 1993     

The antioxidant properties of histamine receptor blockers: a comparative study in a model system

Antioxidant activities of seven histamine receptor blockers are compared using a model system of multilayer liposomes, chemiluminescence analysis, and 2-thiobarbituric acidreactive substance assay. According to a decrease in the antioxidant activity, the drugs can be arranged as follows: diprazine, suprastin, tavegil, diazoline, dimedrol, phencarol, and ranitidine. The possible mechanisms of the antioxidant activity and the significance of the antioxidant properties of these drugs for experimental research and clinical practice are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, No. 12, pp. 638–641, December, 1996     

In vitro effect of bilirubin on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in the plasma and erythrocytes of cord blood

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 50–52, July, 1993     

Modulatory effect of carnosine and related compounds on the oxidative burst in barium sulfate-activated leukocytes

The effect of carnosine and its natural derivatives on the generation of reactive oxygen species by leukocytes and on the myeloperoxidase reaction was studied. The chemiluminescence of samples in the course of cell activation was measured in the presence of luminol or lucigenin. Carnosine was found to produce a two-way effect, i.e., neutralization of singlet oxygen and hypochlorite anion simultaneously with activation of the system of superoxide-anion generation. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 463–465, November, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of human plasma ApoB-lipoproteins

The effects of astaxanthine and β-carotene on the oxidation of isolated human plasma apoB-lipoproteins induced by copper ions or hemin/hydrogen peroxide are studied. Astaxanthine inhibits the formation of both primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) products of lipid perioxidation. Antioxidant activity of astaxanthine is observed in the concentration range 20–100 μg/mg protein of apoB-lipoproteins. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthine is higher than that of β-carotene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 285–288, March, 1997     

Chemiluminescence study of the contents of the products of Cu2+-induced lipid peroxidation in different fractions of human blood lipoproteins

It is demonstrated that the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation reaches the maximum after about 1-h incubation with Cu²⁺ and then declines. At a Cu²⁺ concentration of about 10–15 μM, the content of lipid peroxidation products is maximal; it does not rise with a further increase in the Cu²⁺ concentration. Comparison of the kinetics of lipid peroxidation in different lipoprotein fractions shows that low density lipoproteins are much more strongly oxidized than high density lipoproteins. A strong positive correlation between the amplitude of the chemiluminescence burst and the diene conjugate content is established in 79 independent measurements. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 144–148, February, 1995     

Use of assays for chemiluminescence in the examination of animals exposed to ionizing radiation

Results are presented from cherniluminescence assays performed with samples of whole blood and wool from sheep exposed to gamma radiation in a dose of 200 or 600 R. Assays for barium sulfate-stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence emitted by whole blood of the exposed sheep showed decreased amplitudes of chemiluminescence bursts shortly after irradiation, while assays for the lioluminescence of their wool sampled at different times within a week postirradiation and then stored for six months before the assay demonstrated higher burst amplitudes for samples from the animals irradiated with the higher dose and increases in burst amplitudes with increasing intervals between irradiation and sampling. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 39–41, January, 1996     

Effects of native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins on macrophage chemiluminescence

Effects of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) obtained from healthy donors and patients with hypercholesterolemia on spontaneous luminol-dependent and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of rat macrophages were studied. Unlike LDL from healthy donors, native LDL from patients with hypercholesterolemia inhibited spontaneous chemiluminescence of macrophages. Simultaneous incubation with endotheliocytes from the umbilical vein led to the appearance of inhibitory effect of LDL from healthy donors (incubation for 24 h) and potentiated this effect of LDL from patients with hypercholesterolemia (incubation for 6 and 24 h). The inhibitory effect was more pronounced in LDL incubated with umbilical endotheliocytes under ischemic conditions then after aerobic incubations. This corresponded to higher oxidation of LDL confirmed by accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, increased fluorescence, and high electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel. These data suggest that the model system of spontaneous and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of macrophages can be used for evaluating the degree of oxidation and potential atherogenicity of LDL. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 11, pp. 514–517, November, 1999     

Antioxidant activity of tear fluid in experimental alkali eye burns

Antioxidant activity of the tear fluid in intact rabbits and after alkali burn of the cornea was evaluated by measuring chemiluminescence in a hemoglobin—hydrogen peroxide—luminol system. After alkali burn of the cornea antioxidant activity of tear fluid decreased starting from day 3 and reached its minimum on days 7–21. This decrease correlated with the depth of ulceration of the corneal stroma. This method allow to specify indications for antioxidant therapy in corneal disease and to choose the most effective antioxidants. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128 No. 11, pp. 571–574, November, 1999     

Free radical oxidation and antioxidant activity in placental tissue in preterm labor

Effect of specific scavengers of reactive oxygen species on free-radical oxidation is studied in central and peripheral zones of the placenta from preterm delivering women (32–36 weeks) using the chemiluminescence method. A lower contribution of hypochlorite into free-radical processes and a reduced content of nonprotein SH-groups in the placenta are observed, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total antioxidant activity being unchanged. It can be assumed that the reduced contribution of hypochlorite into free-radical processes is partially responsible for impaired antimicrobial barrier between mother and fetus in preterm labor. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 632–634, December, 1997     

Comparison of the antioxidant activity of carnosine in different chemical and biological models

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 6, pp. 607–609, June, 1993     

Effect of Prooxidants on the survival of rabbits exposed toStaphylococcus aureus toxic shock exotoxin and on the chemiluminescence of their whole blood cellsin vivo

The prooxidant Adriablastin (Adriamycin) is shown to prolong the survival of Chinchilla rabbits exposed to the toxic shock exotoxin produced byStaphylococcus aureus as well as to exert a marked effect on the time course of both spontaneous and opsonized zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence by whole blood cells of these animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 258–259, September, 1995 (Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Chemiluminescence of blood plasma and activity of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia

Acute experimental pneumonia in animals is accompanied by enhanced production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and increased plasma chemiluminescence. Low photosum of chemiluminescence and suppression of bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages together with increased blood content of low-molecular-weight peptides are signs of lung destruction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 344–346, March, 2000     

On the mechanism of specific inhibition of stimulated chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in allergic processes

Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by barium sulfate is studied in blood samples preincubated with a specific allergen in experimental allergic processes. Specific inhibition of chemiluminescence is observed in blood samples obtained from sensitized animals. The degree of inhibition depends on the nature of sensitization and the stage of the allergic process and is related to myeloperoxidase inhibition. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, № 3, pp. 299–301, March, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.