吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗老年非小细胞肺癌耐受性及疗效分析

[目的]评价老年晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者吉西他滨联合卡铂化疗的疗效、生活质量、毒副作用及耐受性。[方法]以吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗老年晚期NSCLC38例，观察其化疗疗效、生活质量、毒副反应及耐受性。[结果]总有效率47.4%，其中初治者有效率51.9%，复治者为36.4%，中位生存期7.8个月，并能减轻症状。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应，其中白细胞减少68.4%，血小板减少52.6%，恶心、呕吐57.9%，多为轻度，均可耐受。[结论]老年晚期NSCLC患者，用吉西他滨联合卡铂治疗能取得较好的疗效，缓解症状，改善生活质量，毒副反应较轻，可以耐受。     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂或顺铂一线治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机研究

背景与目的以铂类为基础的化疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的标准治疗方案.本研究旨在评价吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂和吉西他滨联合顺铂一线治疗老年晚期NSCLC的疗效及毒副反应.方法未经过治疗的经病理学或细胞学确诊的老年晚期NSCLC患者66例随机分成GO(吉西他滨1,0...     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌观察

观察吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的近期疗效及毒副反应.初治的Ⅲ～Ⅳ期老年NSCLC 22例,以21 d为1个周期,吉西他滨1000 mg/m^2,静脉滴入,d1、d8;奥沙利铂100mg/m^2,静脉滴入,d1.连用2个周期后评价疗效.全组22例均可评价,有效率为40.9%（9/22）,毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制及外周神经感觉异常.初步研究结果提示,吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期NSCLC有一定的疗效,毒性较小可以耐受.     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌观察

观察吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)的近期疗效及毒副反应。初治的Ⅲ~Ⅳ期老年NSCLC22例,以21d为1个周期,吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1、d8;奥沙利铂100mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1。连用2个周期后评价疗效。全组22例均可评价,有效率为40·9%(9/22),毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制及外周神经感觉异常。初步研究结果提示,吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期NSCLC有一定的疗效,毒性较小可以耐受。     

吉西他滨加奥沙利铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的:评价吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效和毒副作用。方法:2005年1月~2008年1月住院的NSCLC患者48例,其中鳞癌23例、腺癌16例、腺鳞癌4例、支气管肺泡癌2例、大细胞癌3例,临床分期Ⅲ期30例、Ⅳ期18例。所有患者接受吉西他滨+奥沙利铂治疗,吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,第1天和第8天,奥沙利铂130 mg/m2,第1天。21天为1周期,共进行2个周期。结果:总有效率为45.8%,临床分期Ⅲ期有效率50.0%,Ⅳ期38.89%,组间无区别。治疗后的主要毒副反应为血液学毒性。白细胞减少、贫血及血小板减少,其Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度发生率分别为29.17%、18.75%和31.25%。生存质量有明显改善。结论:采用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗NSCLC患者有较好疗效,毒副作用可以耐受,是老年晚期NSCLC患者较为合适的一线治疗方案。     

吉西他滨加奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤31例近期疗效

[目的]观察吉西他滨(健择)联合奥沙利铂(艾恒)治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤的疗效和不良反应.[方法]入组31例均为复治晚期病人,胃癌14例,肠癌17例.化疗为吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴注30min,第1、8天;奥沙利铂130mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天,每3周重复,治疗2个周期以上评价疗效.[结果]31例中CR 1例,PR 7例,SD 15例,PD 8例,有效率(CR PR)25.8%(8/31),其中胃癌PR 2例,有效率14.3%(2/14);肠癌CR 1例,PR 5例,有效率35.3%(6/17),临床受益率74.2%,胃癌和肠癌的临床受益率分别为71.4%和76.5%.不良反应主要为骨髓抑制和外周神经感觉异常.[结论]吉西他滨加奥沙利铂方案二线治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤有一定疗效,对肠癌的治疗效果好于胃癌,毒副反应温和可耐受,有较好的临床受益.     

奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的：探讨奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨治疗晚期胃癌近期疗效。方法：82例晚期胃癌患者随机分为两组,A组采用奥沙利铂＋卡培他滨方案化疗,B组采用顺铂＋5～氟尿嘧啶＋甲酰四氢叶酸化疗,观察其有效率及不良反应。结果：A组有效率为54．55％,B组有效率为28．95％,P〈0．05,两者有显著性差异。且A组的胃肠道反应明显减轻。其他相关不良反应能耐受。结论：奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应能够耐受,可在晚期胃癌病人中应用。     

奥沙利铂联合吉西他滨治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床观察

目的:观察奥沙利铂联合吉西他滨治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法:经影像学诊断的晚期胰腺癌18例,使用奥沙利铂85mg/m2,静脉滴注2小时,第1、8天;吉西他滨835mg/m2,静脉滴注30分钟,第1、8天,21天为1周期,至少用2周期后评价疗效。结果:18例均可评价,获得CR1例,PR3例,总有效率22·2%(4/18)。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、外周神经毒性及恶心呕吐,无化疗相关死亡。结论:奥沙利铂联合吉西他滨治疗晚期胰腺癌患者疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受,值得深入研究。     

调强放疗联合吉西他滨治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌近期效果分析

目的 观察调强放疗联合吉西他滨在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者中的近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析局部晚期NSCLC患者45例临床资料。予吉西他滨加顺铂方案诱导化疗2个周期后,分为调强放疗序贯吉西他滨加顺铂方案化疗组和吉西他滨加顺铂方案单纯化疗组。结果 序贯组客观缓解率为65.2 %（15／23）,单独化疗组客观缓解率为31.8 %（7／22）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;序贯组和单纯化疗组1年生存率分别为66.4 %和45.0 %,两组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 调强放疗序贯吉西他滨加顺铂方案化疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC较吉西他滨加顺铂方案化疗的近期疗效好,不良反应可以耐受。     

GP和TP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机对照临床研究

背景与目的 目前铂类药物为基础的化疗被认为是治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCI．C）的标准方案。本研究的目的是比较紫杉醇联合顺铂（TP方案）与吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP方案）治疗晚期NSCLC的近期疗效和毒性作用。方法 77例初治晚期NSCLC患者随机分为TP组和GP组，TP组39例，GP组38例。TP组：紫杉醇135mg／m^2，第1天；顺铂30mg／m^2，第1～3天。GP组：吉西他滨1000mg／m^2，第1、8天；顺铂30mg／m^2，第1～3天。化疗2～3周期后对两组的临床疗效和毒性反应进行评价。结果 TP组有效率为46．2％，GP组为42．1％，两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。GP组不良反应以血小板降低为主，TP组以白细胞降低为主，均可耐受。结论 吉西他滨或紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期NSCLC具有较好的耐受性和临床疗效，不良反应有所不同，但都可以耐受。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.