腹腔镜胃旁路术和迷你胃旁路术对肥胖症合并2型糖尿病患者的短期治疗效果

目的探讨腹腔镜胃旁路手术和迷你胃旁路术对合并2型糖尿病的病态肥胖症患者的治疗效果。方法7例伴有2型糖尿病的单纯性肥胖症患者中1例行腹腔镜胃旁路术．6例行腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术,观察患者术后2型糖尿病治疗效果。结果7例患者手术顺利,手术时间100～170（平均135）min。无手术并发症。术后平均随访1年,体质量平均减少24．3kg,均已停用所有降糖药物,各项糖尿病检查指标均正常。结论腹腔镜胃旁路术或迷你胃旁路术对2型糖尿病短期治疗有效。     

腹腔镜胃旁路术治疗肥胖症7例报告

腹腔镜胃旁路术（laparoscopic gastric bypass）是治疗肥胖症最有效的术式之一。我院腹腔镜中心自2004年底以来共完成7例。报告如下。 1资料与方法 本组男2例，女5例。年龄加～36岁。BMI（体重指数）27．8～41.1，平均36．6。合并脂肪肝、高血脂3例，合并高血压、脂肪肝、高血脂3例，合并糖尿病、脂肪肝、高血脂1例。均为单纯性肥胖症，且经过多种药物、运动等各种方法治疗后效果不佳或停药后迅速反弹。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术与腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（LRYGB）与腹腔镜迷你胃旁路术（LMGB）治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2011年6月问在上海第二军医大学附属长海医院接受腹腔镜胃旁路术治疗的21例T2DM患者的临床资料,其中LRYGB组11例,LMGB组10例。结果LRYGB组T2DM临床完全缓解率为64％（7／11）,临床部分缓解率为36％（4／11）;LMGB组临床完全缓解率为60％（6／10）,临床部分缓解率为40％（4／10）：两组临床疗效的差异无统计学意义P〉0.05）。两组患者体质量指数、腰围、胰岛素抵抗指数及糖化血红蛋白术后均呈下降趋势（P〈0.05）,但两组间差异无统计学意义（p〉0.05）。两组患者手术过程顺利,无中转开腹及死亡病例,LRYcB组手术时间[（147.0±35.9）min]和术后住院时间[（8.9±23）d]均明显长于LMGB组[（110.5±39.7）min,P=0.038：（7.1±1.4）d,P=0.046]。LRYGB组术后出现肠梗阻1例,LMGB组术后出现反流性食管炎和慢性腹泻各1例,两组患者术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论LRYGB和LMGB对T2DM的治疗效果确切且安全,但LMGB相对简单,术后恢复更快。     

腹腔镜胃旁路手术并发症分析

目的 :总结腹腔镜胃旁路手术的并发症及其处理方法。方法 :回顾分析2011年5月至2014年12月我院217例肥胖合并2型糖尿病病人腹腔镜胃旁路手术的临床资料,总结并分析并发症情况。结果:本研究所有病人均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。术后腹腔出血2例,Peterson裂孔疝1例,胃肠吻合口漏2例,胃肠吻合口狭窄3例,术后严重腹泻6例,吻合口溃疡3例,出现胆囊结石2例。结论:对于胃旁路手术并发症,应注意细节和积极预防。     

迷走神经切断协同改良胃旁路术治疗正常体重糖尿病研究应用

目的探讨切断迷走神经胃支协同改良胃旁路(GBP)手术对正常体重2型糖尿病患者保持体重、消除胰岛素抵抗的临床效果。方法回顾分析22例体重正常的2型糖尿病,行高选迷走神经胃支切断(保留迷走神经的肝支、腹腔支和"罪恶神经"支)、改良胃旁路手术,观察术后1～3个月的体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素释放试验(Ins)、口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMO-IR)等指标与术前对照。结果 22例正常体重的2型糖尿病患者手术时间49～98min,平均66min。全组患者术后均恢复良好,无吻合口漏、出血、狭窄等手术并发症发生;无倾倒综合征、胃无力、腹泻、消化不良症等动力神经损伤的并发症发生。术后1个月患者Ins、OGTT、FPG、Fins、HOMO-IR等指标与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择性迷走神经胃支协同改良胃旁路手术治疗正常体重的2型糖尿病,疗效确切。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗肥胖症和2型糖尿病

目的 探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术（LRYGB）治疗肥胖症和（或）2型糖尿病的可行性及疗效.方法 对21例单纯性肥胖症及9例2型糖尿病患者施行LRYGB,观察肥胖症患者体质量、BMI、超重体质量减少率（EWL%）改善情况;观察糖尿病患者术后的空腹血糖和口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）变化情况;观察全组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复、术后并发症情况.结果 本组30例皆成功完成手术,无中转开放手术者,手术时间110～270（平均168）min.术中出血量10～75（平均24.0）ml.本组21例单纯性肥胖症患者术前体质量及BMI分别为（97.2±15.0）kg和35.3±3.5;术后随访2个月至5年,术后1个月体质量及BMI即显著下降[（85.1±10.1）kg和31.2±2.2,均P〈0.01],至术后2～3年降至最低水平[（66.8±9.2）kg和24.3±1.1],之后维持在此水平;EWL%则相应增高（均P〈0.05）.9例2型糖尿病患者术前空腹血糖及OGTT 2 h血糖分别为（12.6±2.6）mmol/L和（17.8±4.1）mmol/L;术后随访3～8个月,空腹血糖及OGTT2 h血糖均显著下降[（5.9±1.4）mmol/L和（7.8±1.4）mmol/L,均P〈0.05];其中合并肥胖症的4例患者BMI明显降低（P〈0.05）,而5例未合并肥胖症者BMI无明显变化（P〉0.05）.本组30例患者中5例（16.7%）术后出现并发症,其中1例因急性暴发性胰腺炎死亡外,1例因肠系膜裂孔疝致肠梗阻行再次手术治愈,余3例均经保守治疗治愈.结论 LRYGB治疗肥胖症和（或）2型糖尿病手术安全可行,术后近期减重和（或）降糖效果显著.     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗超级肥胖症42例

目的探讨腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术（LRYGB）治疗超级肥胖症（BMI大于或等于50kg／m2）的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2004—2008年间在暨南大学附属第一医院接受LRYGB术的42例超级肥胖症患者的临床和随访资料。结果42例患者均成功完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹病例。平均手术时间145.1min,平均术中出血量25.0m1,平均术后进食时间4.5d。平均术后住院时间9.9d。术后随访1～30个月,其中28例获6个月以上随访。术后1个月始体质量及BMI即显著下降,至术后2年降至最低水平,之后维持在此水平：多余体质量减少率术后1年为（50.4±4.6）％,术后2年为（72.2±2.2）％（P〈0.05）。术后半年,高脂血症、高尿酸血症、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、高血压、2型糖尿病、反流性食管炎及关节退行性变等术前合并症均获不同程度的缓解。9.5％（4／42）的患者术后出现围手术期并发症,其中呼吸衰竭l例,胃空肠吻合口出血2例,脐部伤口感染1例;39.3％（11／28）的患者出现远期并发症,其中明显脱发8例,吻合口溃疡并出血2例,贫血1例：所有并发症均经保守治疗治愈或好转。结论LRYGB治疗超级肥胖症效果确切,但手术难度较大,术后并发症发生风险较高,需由有经验的减重手术外科团队进行综合治疗。     

胃小弯空肠侧侧吻合在腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术中的应用

目的探讨胃小弯空肠侧侧吻合在腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析2012年5-11月间在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院普通外科接受腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗的29例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,术中均采用直线切割闭合器进行胃小弯空肠侧侧吻合。结果29例患者中男9例,女20例,年龄30-65（平均50．1）岁。所有病例均顺利完成手术．无中转开腹。术后无一例出现胃空肠吻合13出血、吻合13瘘或吻合13梗阻等并发症。术后随访1-7个月未见胃空肠吻合13相关的并发症。结论腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术中采用胃小弯空肠侧侧吻合能准确地控制吻合口大小,避免了镜下缝合操作,操作简单、易于掌握。     

Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展

目的了解Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的概况,并总结其治疗2型糖尿病的效果及存在的问题。方法检索有关Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的文献并进行综述。结果Roux-en-Y胃旁路术对肥胖型2型糖尿病的治疗作用初步得到证实,但其治疗2型糖尿病的机制尚不明确,Roux袢及胆胰袢旷置长度没有统一的标准,术后远期效果不明确,其是否适用于非肥胖型2型糖尿病有待进一步研究。结论Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病的机制复杂,相信随着基础与临床研究的进展、手术技术的改进、手术机制的阐明、远期效果的肯定,将有更多的2型糖尿病患者受益。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术治疗2型糖尿病62例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜Roux—en-Y胃旁路术（LRYGB）在2型糖尿病治疗中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2011年10月间在苏州大学附属第一医院接受LRYGB手术的62例2型糖尿病患者的临床和随访资料。结果62例患者中58例顺利完成LRYGB术．手术时间（144．5±59．0）min,术中出血量（57.8±135．5）ml。术后吻合口出血2例,胃瘫2例,吻合口瘘1例．营养不良1例,均经保守治疗缓解;另有1例吻合口狭窄患者。经球囊扩张后缓解。49例患者获得了术后6个月的随访,其中34例临床完全缓解（完全停药）,9例临床部分缓解（用药量较术前减少）,6例无效。患者术后体质量指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白均较术前有明显改善（均P〈0．05）。与术后仍需服用降糖药者相比,临床完全缓解的病例术前体质量指数更高、病程更短（均P〈0．05）。结论LRYGB用于治疗2型糖尿病安全、可行,短期效果良好．长期效果有待观察。     

Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass with Subtotal Gastrectomy for a Super-Obese Patient with Biermer Anemia

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is a common procedure for morbid obesity. After RYGBP, the bypassed stomach is unavailable for follow-up. Biermer anemia is an autoimmune atrophic gastritis inducing vitamin B12 deficiency and it is a risk factor for gastric carcinoma.A 41-year-old woman with a long history of morbid obesity presented with a BMI of 56 kg/m². She had anemia (Hb 9.9 g/dL), and atrophic gastritis was found endoscopically. We performed a laparoscopic RYGBP with subtotal gastrectomy, to avoid the risk of gastric carcinoma in the bypassed stomach.The patient was discharged 9 days after the operation without complication. At 18 months follow-up, her BMI was 39 kg/m² (50% excess weight loss). Laparoscopic RYGBP with subtotal gastrectomy is a safe treatment for morbid obesity, which should be considered for patients with a risk factor for gastric carcinoma.     

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??Surgical treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: development with consensus and controversy DING Dan, ZHENG Cheng-zhu. Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Corresponding author: ZHENG Cheng-zhu, E-mail: fredzhengzz@hotmail.com
Abstract Obesity has already been one of the most serious society-facing problems. Surgical treatment is the only way to cause stable and steady weight loss. Since reported in the 1950s for the first time, gastrointestinal surgery has greatly developed as the golden standard in obesity treatment. In 2000, Changhai Hospital took the first laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty in China. During the next 10 years, they also did laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, etc. All of these operations were done with laparoscopy with good treatment effect. With the convincing research and evidence, it is found that gastrointestinal surgery not only can cause weight loss, but can relieve, even cure many metabolic diseases associated with obesity, and especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, gastrointestinal surgeons are focusing on the operation treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Surgical treatment for metabolic diseases has a huge potential for development.     

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??Therapeutic effect of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus WU Liang-ping*??WEN Qi-wu??ZENG Song-hua??et al. *Thyroid and Diabetes Surgery Center??General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA??Guangzhou 510010??China
Corresponding author??WEN Qi-wu??E-mail:wenqiwu36@163.com
Abstract Objective To evaluate therapeutic effect of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and investigate the standard process in treating diabetes by surgical procedure. Methods The clinical data of 44 patients with T2DM performed laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery between 2009 and 2011 in Thyroid and Diabetes Surgery Center??General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were followed up for 3 years. Glucose and lipid metabolism indicators of 44 patients were studied. Results Among the 44 diabetic patients??postoperative fasting plasma glucose (FPG)??glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)??cholesterol??triglycerides??low density lipoprotein (LDL)??high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with BMI≥28 and BMI<28 were improved compared with those during preoperative period significantly (P<0.05). The rate of HbA1c below 6.5% in two groups was 91.7% and 55.0%. In BMI<28 group??postoperative BMI had little change compared with the preoperative ones (P>0.05). BMI dropped significantly in BMI≥28 group (P <0.05). Although some procedure-related complications occurred in 3 years postoperatively??it can be controlled overall. Conclusion Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with T2DM is a safe and effective treatment method. An overall preoperative evaluation??standard procedure and individualized nutritional support are critical to ensure the efficacy of operation.     

Five-Year Follow-up after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric and Partial Ileal Bypass for Treatment of Morbid Obesity and Uncontrolled Hyperlipidemia

BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity is associated with significant co-morbid illnesses and mortality. Hyperlipidemia is strongly associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a proven and effective procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity and its related co-morbid illnesses. In a randomized prospective clinical trial, partial ileal bypass showed sustained control of hyperlipidemia and reduced comorbidities. Given risks of surgery, pharmacologic agents are the current primary therapy for hyperlipidemia. However, a morbidly obese patient with medically refractory hyperlipidemia may benefit from a combined laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and partial ileal bypass. We are describing the first case of a totally laparoscopic approach. METHODS: A 56-year-old female patient with morbid obesity (BMI 45.2 kg/m(2)) and medically refractive hyperlipidemia underwent a combined LRYGB and partial ileal bypass in 2002. She was continuously followed for 5 years for weight profile, hyperlipidemia, post-operative complications, and morbidity. RESULTS: Five-year follow-up of the patient showed sustained excess body weight loss. Her lipid profile has approached normal ranges with less medication. She experienced no comorbidities related to surgery or hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and partial ileal bypass may be the best option for the patient who has morbid obesity and medically refractory hyperlipidemia and should be considered for select patients.     

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity after Belsey-Mark IV for large hiatus hernia and intrathoracic stomach,in combination with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background: Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide; patients who remain obese after non-surgical interventions are potential candidates for surgical intervention. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has proven its effects on excess weight loss and its positive effect on comorbidities and also, on reflux correction.

Case report: Our patient, a 53-year-old male, with a BMI of 45?kg/m² and type 2 diabetes, underwent a Belsey-Mark IV procedure in another center because of a large hiatus hernia and intrathoracic stomach, in combination with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). He consulted at our center concerning his morbid obesity. After a positive preoperative evaluation a RYGB was performed with an uneventful postoperative course.

Conclusion: RYGB is a safe and feasible procedure to perform after a Belsey-Mark IV procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first and only report of a RYGB after a Belsey-Mark IV procedure. There were no intra-operative complications and 18 months follow-up was unremarkable, with a 78.10% excess weight loss (EWL), at 86?kg, and no remaining symptoms of GERD. We also mention resolution of the patient’s diabetes mellitus type 2 measured by the cessation of the glucophage, which is an added health benefit.     

Potential of surgery for curing type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of morbid obesity surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to analyze data that might explain the mechanisms of action of these surgeries and that could answer the question of whether surgery for morbid obesity can represent a cure for type 2 diabetes in nonobese patients as well. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Diabetes mellitus type 2 affects more than 150 million people worldwide. Although the incidence of complications of type 2 diabetes can be reduced with tight control of hyperglycemia, current therapies do not achieve a cure. Some operations for morbid obesity not only induce significant and lasting weight loss but also lead to improvements in or resolution of comorbid disease states, especially type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The authors reviewed data from the literature to address what is known about the effect of surgery for obesity on glucose metabolism and the endocrine changes that follow this surgery. RESULTS: Series with long-term follow-up show that gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion achieve durable normal levels of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin in 80% to 100% of severely obese diabetic patients, usually within days after surgery. Available data show a significant change in the pattern of secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. Case reports have also documented remission of type 2 diabetes in nonmorbidly obese individuals undergoing biliopancreatic diversion for other indications. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion seem to achieve control of diabetes as a primary and independent effect, not secondary to the treatment of overweight. Although controlled trials are needed to verify the effectiveness on nonobese individuals, gastric bypass surgery has the potential to change the current concepts of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and, possibly, the management of this disease.     

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Subtotal Gastrectomy

Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a common procedure for morbid obesity. After gastric bypass, the distal stomach is unavailable for surveillance. When a suspicious distal gastric lesion is present preoperatively, a distal subtotal gastrectomy may be needed. Herein we describe such a case performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic gastric bypass with subtotal gastrectomy for morbid obesity should be considered for patients with suspicious distal gastric lesions.     

胃转流手术治疗2型糖尿病的可行性

目的对病态肥胖症手术对2型糖尿病的影响及其作用机制做一综述, 同时探讨病态肥胖症手术是否也可用于治疗不伴有肥胖症的2型糖尿病病人. 背景资料全世界有超过1.5亿人罹患2型糖尿病,虽然对高血糖的严格控制使得2型糖尿病并发症的发生率大大减少,但目前的治疗方法还不能达到根治.某些用于治疗病态肥胖症的手术不仅导致显著而持久的体重下降,而且使2型糖尿病得以缓解. 方法复习文献,回顾分析肥胖症手术对继发的糖代谢和内分泌变化的影响. 结果胃转流和胆胰转流术后数天内,80%～100%严重肥胖的糖尿病病人血糖、血胰岛素和糖化血红蛋白达正常水平,胃肠道激素分泌形式发生显著变化.病例报道也证实因其它因素施行胆胰转流的非病态肥胖患者避免罹患2型糖尿病.结论胃转流和胆胰转流术似乎对控制2型糖尿病有原发的、独立的影响,而不是继发于对肥胖症的治疗.虽然还需要对不伴肥胖患者进行对照研究,但胃转流手术的确有可能改变当前对2型糖尿病病理生理的理解,甚至改变该病的治疗方法.     

Utility of Divided Omentum for Preventing Complications Associated with Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

Background Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has emerged as a standard surgical treatment for morbid obesity. However, prevention of postoperative complications associated with bariatric surgery is an important consideration. Methods To reduce postoperative complications and achieve adequate body weight loss, we introduce a simple procedure using a divided omentum during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The actual aim of this procedure is to prevent leakage from the gastric pouch or anastomosis and the gastro-gastric fistula because of reentry of the alimentary tract. Between February 2002 and April 2007, we performed laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity in 94 patients. In the most recent 83 cases, our simple procedure using a divided omentum was employed. Results These patients comprised 20 males and 63 females, with a mean age of 38 years, and a mean body mass index of 44.1 kg/m². At surgery, the omentum is routinely divided using laparoscopic coagulating shears before performing gastrojejunostomy to reduce the tension on the anastomosis caused by the route of reconstruction. After performing hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy, the left side of the divided omentum is moved cranially and interposed between the gastric pouch and the excluded stomach. The omentum is then sutured from the posterior aspect of the gastric pouch to the anterior side of the anastomosis. Conclusion Our procedure using a divided omentum during bariatric surgery is feasible and safe for obtaining better outcomes without artificial materials. Although the long-term outcome of this technique is still unclear, we believe that it will contribute to decreasing the particular complications related to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.