硬核白内障小切口非超声乳化摘除及人工晶状体植入术205例

目的:回顾性分析Ⅳ级及Ⅴ级硬核白内障小切口非超声乳化摘除及人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法:对205例235眼Ⅳ级及Ⅴ级硬核白内障患者施行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术。结果:术后第1d裸眼视力≥0.5者156眼(66.4%);术后1mo最佳矫正视力≥0.5者200眼(85.1%),所有患者全部脱盲,脱残225眼(95.7%)。结论:小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术有切口愈合快,术后反应小,视力恢复快,并发症少,患者满意度高等优点。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术临床报告

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术的特点、手术技巧,并发症及防治措施。方法 对304眼白内障施行无缝线5.5mm切口超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1周视力在1.0以上者147眼,48.35%;1月后视力在1.0以上者198眼,65.13%;术中术后主要并发症后囊损伤8眼,2.63%;角膜水肿浑浊26眼,8.55%。结论 采用无需缝合的反眉状隧道式切口行白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术可获较佳视力,而手术成功的关键在手术者的手术方法和操作技巧。     

表面麻醉下晶状体超声乳化临床观察

目的观察表面麻醉在晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术中的麻醉效果。方法采用表面麻醉对198例(212眼)进行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术。结果212眼均在表面麻醉下完成手术,术后1周最佳视力≥0.5者176眼(83.02%),术后1月最佳视力者≥0.5者200眼(94.34%)。主要并发症:后囊破裂6眼(2.83%),中度角膜水肿4眼(1.89%)。结论表面麻醉下行晶状体超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术是安全、有效的。     

高度近视白内障小切口非乳化摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的　探讨高度近视白内障小切口非超声乳化摘出人工晶状体植入术的手术效果。方法　对眼轴 >2 6mm高度近视白内障 49例 (5 6眼 )实施小切口非超声乳化摘出人工晶状体植入术。结果　术后 1月裸眼视力≥ 0 .5者 3 0眼(5 3 .5 7% ) ;矫正视力≥ 0 .5者 3 5眼 (62 .5 % )。术中术后并发症有后囊破裂 2眼 (3 .5 7% ) ,角膜水肿 4眼 (7.14 % ) ,囊样黄斑水肿 1眼 (1.78% ) ,视网膜脱离 1眼 (1.78% )。结论　小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术适应于高度近视合并白内障患者 ,术中须注意操作技巧 ,减少并发症     

非超声乳化小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗葡萄膜炎并发性白内障

目的探讨非超声乳化小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗葡萄膜炎并发性白内障的疗效。方法对36例40眼葡萄膜炎并发性白内障施行非超声乳化小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术,观察手术前后视力变化及并发症。结果40眼全部植入人工晶状体;术后随访1个月,视力≥0.6者5眼,0.5～0.6者23眼,0.3～0.5者10眼,≤0.3者2眼。20眼出现不同程度炎性反应,经5d-3周治疗均消失。结论非超声乳化小切口白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗葡萄膜炎并发性白内障疗效好。     

高度近视合并白内障患者植入Array多焦点人工晶状体的临床观察

目的:评价白内障超声乳化吸除联合Array SA40N多焦点人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视合并白内障的临床疗效及其安全性。方法:对25例(31眼)高度近视合并白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合低度数Array多焦点人工晶状体植入术,观察术中和术后并发症、术后视力和屈光状态。结果:所有患者术中均无并发症发生。术后6mo,所有患者裸眼远视力≥0.5者25眼(81%);最佳矫正远视力≥0.5者28眼(90%)。裸眼近视力≥0.5者12眼(39%);最佳矫正近视力≥0.5者22眼(71%)。术后屈光度数偏差值≤±0.50D者为24眼(77%)。结论:超声乳化白内障吸除联合低度数ArraySA40N多焦点折叠式人工晶状体植入术,是治疗高度近视合并白内障患者安全、有效的手术方法。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病患者白内障

目的：探讨超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病患者白内障的疗效观察。 方法：糖尿病患者白内障80例106眼,施行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入,观察手术并发症及术后视力、切口愈合情况。 结果：所有患者手术顺利,均Ⅰ期植入晶状体在囊袋内。术后3mo,裸眼视力≤0.1者6眼(5.7％),0.2～0.5者28眼(26.4％), 0.6～1.0者72眼(67.9％)。术后无感染,切口愈合良好。 结论：超声乳化折叠人工晶状体植入术是治疗糖尿病患者白内障安全的、有效的方法。     

小切口非超声乳化联合推注式折叠型人工晶状体植入术

目的　研究小切口非超声乳化联合推注式折叠型人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障的疗效。方法　对34例38 眼不同类型的白内障施行3 mm巩膜隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合推注式折叠型人工晶状体植入术。结果　38 眼全部囊袋内植入人工晶状体,术后1 d视力≥0.8 者12 眼,0.4~0.6者22眼,视力≤0.3者4眼,术后2周视力≥0 8 者15眼,0.4~0.6者21眼,视力≤0.3者2眼。术前、术后角膜散光差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论　小切口非超声乳化联合推注式折叠型人工晶状体植入术实现了真正意义上的小切口手术,具有许多优点,是治疗白内障的一种好方法。     

高度近视白内障小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价高度近视白内障小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的效果。方法　眼轴 >2 6 mm的高度近视合并白内障 88例 (91只眼 )。其中核性白内障 4 9只眼 ,后囊下白内障 32只眼 ,皮质性白内障 10只眼。施行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果　术后 1月裸眼视力≥ 0 .5者 4 6只眼(5 0 .5 5 % ) ,矫正视力≥ 0 .5者 5 8只眼 (6 3.74 % )。术后散光轻 ,伤口愈合快 ,视力提高快 ,并发症少。结论　小切口非超声乳化白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术是高度近视合并白内障较理想的手术方式。     

高度轴性近视眼白内障小切口非超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的:观察高度轴性近视眼白内障行小切口非超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效,分析影响术后视力的因素。方法:对我院158例186眼眼轴≥26mm的高度近视眼白内障行小切口非超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,术后随访6mo,观察术后视力和术中术后并发症情况。结果:术后3mo裸眼视力≥0.5者145眼(78%),0.1~0.4者33眼(18%),<0.1者8眼(4%);并发症有后囊膜破裂11眼,角膜内皮水肿19眼,视网膜脱离3眼,后囊膜不同程度混浊13眼。结论:高度轴性近视眼白内障行小切口非超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术疗效良好,是一种安全性较高的理想的手术方法。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.