血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子β1在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)和转化生长因子β1(transforminggrowthfactorbeta1,TGFβ1)在尖锐湿疣(condylomaacuminatum,CA)组织中的表达及其可能作用。方法:观察并定量计数27例CA病变组织的血管数,应用逆转录(RT)-PCR和免疫组化方法检测VEGF和TGFβ1的表达情况,同时以17例正常包皮组织作为对照。结果:CA组织的血管数比正常包皮组织明显增多(t=5.059,P<0.01);VEGF和TGFβ1的mRNA在CA的表达水平分别为0.880±0.054、1.136±0.145;而二者在正常包皮组织内表达水平分别为0.448±0.095、0.784±0.085(P<0.05);VEGF和TGFβ1在CA组织除角质层外的表皮全层细胞均有强表达,正常包皮组织中为弱表达,且主要位于基底层细胞;VEGF和TGFβ1的表达呈显著正相关(r=0.792,P<0.001)。结论:CA组织细胞可产生并分泌较多的TGFβ1和VEGF,两者可能与CA组织中的血管生成有关。     

iNOS、CD34、PCNA在肛周尖锐湿疣皮损中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(induciblenitricoxidesynthase,iNOS)在尖锐湿疣(CA)中的表达及皮损中细胞增殖和血管增生的相关性。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测了17例尖锐湿疣组织及10例正常包皮组织中iNOS、CD34、增殖性细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)的表达。结果:(1)CA皮损中iNOS表达较其在正常人表皮中的表达显著增强(P<0.05),正常人表皮中仅基底层弱阳性表达,而CA皮损区iNOS表达为基底层至角质层下方。(2)CA皮损真皮乳头微血管数较正常人表皮显著增多(P<0.05)。(3)CA皮损中iNOS的表达水平与PCNA标记指数(PCNAlabelindex,PLI)、血管密度计数(microvesseldensity,MVD)均呈显著正相关(R=-0.5910,P<0.01;R=-0.782,P<0.05)。结论:iNOS在尖锐湿疣皮损中表达异常,高水平的iNOS表达可能促进尖锐湿疣细胞增殖及真皮乳头血管形成,参与其发病。     

Ang-1、Ang-2和Tie-2在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达

检测血管生成素及其受体在尖锐湿疣(CA)皮损和正常皮肤中的表达.采用免疫组化法对40例CA患者的皮损组织及30例正常对照者组织中的血管生成素-1(Ang-1)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、酪氨酸激酶受体-2(Tie-2)进行检测.与正常组织相比,Ang-1在CA组织中表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05),Ang-2和Tie-2在CA组织中表达显著增加(P＜0.05).相关性分析Ang-1和Ang-2呈负相关(P＜0.05),Ang-2和Tie-2呈正相关(P＜0.05).Ang-2及其受体Tie-2,可能与CA组织中血管的新生密切相关.     

Ⅰ型干扰素受体在尖锐湿疣皮损及外周血单核细胞中的表达

目的探讨Ⅰ型干扰素受体(IFNAR)在尖锐湿疣(CA)发病中的可能意义。方法采用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)法检测CA患者外周血单一核细胞(PBMC)及皮损组织中Ⅰ型干扰素受体两个亚型(IF-NAR1及IFNAR2)的表达,并与正常对照进行对比。结果 CA患者皮损组织中IFNAR1及IFNAR2的表达显著高于正常包皮组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),而PBMC在二者中的表达与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);IFNAR1及IFNAR2两种亚群在PBMC或CA皮损组织中的表达均呈显著性正相关(r=0.795,0.870,P均0.001))。结论Ⅰ型干扰素受体在CA皮损组织中代偿性高表达,是参与防卫HPV病毒感染的重要调节因子。     

结节性痒疹患者皮损中蛋白酶活化受体2的表达与分布

目的:观察蛋白酶活化受体2(PAR-2)在结节性痒疹(PN)患者皮损组织中的表达及分布,探讨PAR-2在结节性痒疹瘙痒发病中的作用。方法:应用免疫组化方法检测22例PN患者皮损组、非皮损组及20例正常对照皮肤组织中PAR-2的表达及分布,比较PAR-2在三组间的表达水平;采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对PN患者主观瘙痒程度进行评分,分析VAS评分与PAR-2表达水平的相关性。结果:PN患者皮损、非皮损及正常人皮肤组织中的PAR-2均呈阳性表达,主要集中于表皮的棘层及基底层KTC的胞质和胞膜,PN皮损中的PAR-2表达水平较PN患者非皮损组织、正常皮肤组织明显增高(t值分别为2.34、2.10,P值均0.05),PN患者主观瘙痒程度与皮损部位PAR-2表达水平呈正相关(r=0.62,P0.05)。结论:PAR-2的激活和表达可能与PN患者皮肤瘙痒的发生机制有关。     

尖锐湿疣组织中HIF-1α,VEGF的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的探讨尖锐湿疣(CA)组织中HIF-1α,VEGF的表达及其与血管生成的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测30例CA标本和20例正常包皮组织中HIF-1α和VEGF的表达,并用CD34标记血管内皮细胞计数微血管密度(MVD)。结果 CA组织中HIF-1α,VEGF的表达均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);CA组织中HIF-1α与VEGF的表达呈正相关(r=0.87,P<0.01);CA组织中MVD明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);HIF-1α,VEGF的表达与CA组织中MVD均呈正相关(P均<0.01)。结论 HIF-1α和VEGF在CA组织中过度表达,二者可能通过促进血管生成参与CA的发病。     

初发与复发尖锐湿疣皮损中c-myc mRNA的表达

目的:探讨c-myc mRNA在尖锐湿疣(CA)初发和复发皮损中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测30例CA初发皮损、30例CA复发皮损中c-myc mRNA的表达水平,并与15例正常包皮组织做对照。结果:CA初发及复发皮损中c-myc mRNA的表达水平均高于正常包皮组织,差异均具有统计学意义(t值分别为6.63、5.55,P0.05);CA复发皮损中c-myc mRNA的表达水平高于CA初发皮损,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.13,P0.05)。结论:c-myc与CA的发病相关,但与其复发可能无关。     

陷窝蛋白1与磷酸化细胞外信号调控蛋白激酶在尖锐湿疣皮损中的表达及意义

目的:探讨陷窝蛋白(caveolin)-1和磷酸化细胞外信号调控蛋白激酶(p-ERK)在尖锐湿疣(CA)组织中的表达及在CA发病中的作用和意义。方法:采用免疫组化En Vision法检测40例CA患者组织(CA组)和12例正常人包皮组织(正常对照组)中caveolin-1和p-ERK的表达和分布,比较二者在2组标本中棘层和基底层的表达差异及相关性。结果:1CA组与正常对照组相比,在棘层中caveolin-1的表达显著下降(P0.05),p-ERK的表达显著上升(P0.05),在基底层中caveolin-1和p-ERK的表达均无差异(P0.05);2Caveolin-1和p-ERK在CA组棘层中表达呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:CA皮损组织棘层中caveolin-1表达下降,p-ERK表达上升,二者的表达成负相关,caveolin-1表达下调可能引起ERK1/2信号通路活化加强,参与CA的发病。     

尖锐湿疣皮损组织细胞凋亡与P33ING1的关系

目的：探讨尖锐湿疣（CA）皮损组织细胞凋亡与P33ING1表达的关系。方法：取30例CA皮损和10例正常包皮的石蜡组织标本，分别采用TUNEL原位末端标记法检测其细胞凋亡、SABC免疫组化法检测其P33ING1的表达。结果：CA组细胞凋亡水平与正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0．05）；CA组P33ING1蛋白与正常对照组相比呈现高表达（P〈0．01）；CA皮损中细胞凋亡指数与P33ING1指数呈显著正相关（r=0．654，P〈0．005）。结论：CA皮损组织的细胞凋亡可能与P33ING1蛋白的过度表达有关。     

尖锐湿疣组织中sFRP-1和wnt-1蛋白的检测

目的检测尖锐湿疣(CA)组织中sFRP-1,wnt-1蛋白表达,了解它们在CA发病中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测20例CA组织和15例正常包皮组织中sFRP-1,wnt-1蛋白表达。结果CA组织中sFRP-1的表达显著弱于正常包皮组织(P<0.001);wnt-1的表达强于正常包皮组织(P<0.05)。结论CA组织中sFRP-1和wnt-1的表达异常,提示sFRP-1/wnt-1信号通路可能参与CA的发病。     

Apoptosis, the dermatologist, the venereologist and the patient

Apoptosis is the genetically mediated process whereby individual cells determine their deletion from normal and diseased tissues. Deregulation of apoptosis occurs to a greater or lesser extent in malignant tumours and in certain skin diseases, and also largely accounts for the progressive depletion of CD4⁺ lymphocytes in HIV infection. Greater understanding of apoptosis modulation by oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes such as c-myc. Fas, p53, bcl-2, and abl will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases.     

Objective,measurable assessment of the elasticity of the skin around the eyes following the carboxytherapy treatment

Background

Carboxytherapy is one of the most popular procedures used in dermatology. The treatments are known to be minimally invasive and highly effective for various skin disorders. Therefore, the research carried out in the paper is purposeful and addresses an important area of aesthetic therapies.

Aims

Objective, apparatus-based assessment of the effect of carboxytherapy on skin elasticity around the eyes.

Patients/Methods

The study included a group of 39 Caucasian individuals aged 35–55 years. Participants were subjected to a series of five carboxytherapy treatments of eye area at weekly intervals. The Cutometer measuring probe was used to assess skin elasticity. Additionally, photographic documentation was out using the Fotomedicus system.

Results

In this study, statistically significant increase in R2 parameter was found as the result of applied treatment. This parameter is considered to be the most important indicator of changes in skin elasticity. In 29 out of 39 subjects, the carboxytherapy treatment significantly improved skin tension and elasticity. Such therapy may also exert a beneficial effect on flexibility since in 28 participants the favorable change in the R7 parameter was visible.

Conclusions

The objective analysis of the impact of carboxytherapy treatment on parameters determining skin elasticity revealed that this therapy can be used as an anti-aging method in the eye area. Obtained results are in agreement with other biochemical, histological, and photographical documentation analyses of the effect of carboxytherapy on skin, performed by independent researchers.     

Cosmetics, the consumer, the factory worker and the occupational physician

Methods for investigating contact eczematous patients and for measuring the sensitizing potential of various substances are well known and in general, sufficiently effective. This is not true for irritant dermatitis, or for possible (skin) irritant substances; moreover, cosmetics commonly do not contain acutely harmful ingredients. The use of various instrumental measurements (insensible H2O loss, CO2 release, electrical impedance, sweat rate) as indicators of the irritant potentials of substances is advocated. At the same time it is suggested that the factory physician actively investigate the workers in his factory, since these workers are exposed to known substances in known concentrations and combinations, possibly for extensive periods. This may prove to be part of a new role for him. A cosmetic may be one of several factors increasing impairment and only beyond a certain limit may this result in overt disease. Below that limit the health reserve is only partially depleted. Whether this is harmful to a person depends on other stresses, such as medicaments, work materials, other cosmetics and environmental chemicals. The effect of these must also be quantified. A model of these cumulative stresses and reactions is presented and discussed.     

Interrogating the integument: the role of the epidermis in hair induction

Hair follicle development is driven by interactions between the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. These reciprocal interactions are essential for development, as a lack of response from either the mesenchyme or epithelium results in arrested growth. A large body of research has focused on the role of mesenchymal cells during hair follicle development and their inductive properties for hair neogenesis. In this commentary, the role of the epidermis during hair follicle induction will be discussed.     

Measurement of the mechanical properties of the skin using the suction test

INTRODUCTION: The suction test is commonly used to study the mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. The unevenness of the stress fields complicates obtaining the intrinsic mechanical parameters of the skin in vivo because the values of the local stresses and deformations cannot be calculated directly from the displacements and forces applied by the test apparatus. In general, users only take into account the negative pressure applied and the elevation of the dome of skin drawn up in order to deduce the properties of the skin. This method has the major disadvantage of being dependent on the experimental conditions used: in particular, the size of the suction cup and the negative pressure applied. Here, we propose a full mechanical study of the test to provide rigorous results. We compare the frequently used geometric method (making the thin plate hypothesis), Timoshenko's method (which can take greater plate thicknesses into account) and finally various results obtained by the finite elements (FE) technique. METHODS: The suction test was modelled by FE with large displacements and large deformations both for orthotropic and isotropic plates. The results obtained in the elastic domain for various values of Young's modulus and of applied negative pressure were used as references and were compared with methods using analytical relationships. RESULTS: The geometric method generally used in the interpretation of suction tests gives results, which in certain configurations, are very different from those obtained by FE. The method of Timoshenko is suited to thick plates 'in contact' or embedded round the edge, the elevation of the dome and the tension and flexion stresss are analytically accessible through relationships involving four constants that are dependent on the limit conditions. Comparison with the FE results enabled the optimisation of the coefficients to adapt the relationships to the particular conditions of the suction trials. CONCLUSION: We showed the limits of the geometrical method and proposed a solution, which while remaining simple to use, gives results that are closer to reality both for the calculation of the modulus and for the determination of the state of the stresses obtained.     

阿维A治疗重症银屑病临床疗效与安全性评价

目的　评价阿维A治疗重症银屑病的临床疗效与安全性。方法　24例重症银屑病患者采用阿维A治疗,剂量为 20~50mg/d,平均疗程 4~8周。结果　治疗重症银屑病有效率为 79. 2%,其中斑块状寻常性银屑病、红皮病型银屑病、泛发性脓疱型银屑病、掌跖脓疱病有效率分别为 62. 5%, 75. 0%, 100%, 88. 9%;且阿维A治疗剂量与副作用间有相关性。结论　阿维A治疗重症银屑病临床疗效显著,长时间于临床监测下服用阿维A未出现严重的毒副作用。