基于提升小波变换和多种策略的QRS波检测算法

目的：为了提高计算机处理心电信号的速率和精度,提出了一种基于提升小波变换,结合多种策略的QRS波检测算法。方法：首先采用基于阀值的提升小波去噪方法去除心电信号中的高频白噪声和低频基线漂移;再对处理后的心电信号进行提升小波分解,得出各层逼近信号和细节信号,在第3尺度上采用模极大值阀值法对R波进行检测．找出备选的R波,同时采用几何的方法定位Q波和S波及QRS波起点和终点;最后采用补偿法、波宽法及QRS波时长法对QRS波群进行纠正。结果：本文算法在时域心电图上实现了QRS波的准确定位．提取了心电图的QRS波段。通过MIT—BIH数据库验证,本算法具有很好的表现。结论：实验结果表明,相比传统的算法,本文采用的提升小波和多种策略的检测算法．能有效的检测QRS波,为心电信号的自动识别奠定了基础。     

便携式心电监护系统中心电信号的实时分析方法设计

目的：设计并实现一种适用于便携式心电监护系统的心电波形实时动态检测和分析的方法。方法 ：作者首先应用5点平滑滤波消除信号的高频噪声和50 Hz干扰,然后通过对分段心电信号的长度变换来增强R波,并用长度阈值检测到R波位置,再通过去错检和查漏检算法提高R波检测准确率;正确检测到R波后,利用区域极值和斜率突变特点从R波开始向前、向后搜索找出Q、S波,然后从已开始的Q、S波位置再分别向前向后找到Q波起点和S波终点;最后根据已检测到的QRS波群计算了心率和ST段参数。结果：通过对包含各种噪声的心电信号的分析证明该算法能准确地检测到QRS波群,不受基线漂移和高频噪声的影响;算法用C语言实现后在嵌入式心电监护系统中的应用也表明其处理速度完全满足移动设备的实时动态分析要求。结论：本文设计的心电波形识别方法算法简单、速度快、抗干扰能力强、准确率高,并成功应用于基于32位嵌入式系统的心电监护仪。相信能给便携式心电监护设备研发中心电信号自动检测和分析功能的实现带来一些启发。     

基于经验模态分解和Hilbert变换的QRS综合波检测算法

提出一种新的有效结合经验模态分解(EMD)和Hilbert变换的QRS综合波检测算法。采用EMD将心电信号分解成一系列内蕴模式分量(IMFs),舍去对应于高频噪声的IMF1和IMF2,舍去对应于低频噪声的最后两个IMFs和趋势项,能有效地抑制高频噪声和基线漂移。将降噪后的信号进行Hilbert变换,得到对应的解析函数,利用其包络,进一步抑制高大P波、T波等对QRS综合波检测的影响,采用自适应阈值进行QRS综合波检测。经MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database全部数据检测验证,平均正确检测率可达到99.78%,表明本算法具有较高的正确检测率和良好的抗噪性能。     

九种QRS检测算法的噪声灵敏度的比较

本文作者测试了九种不同QRS检测算法的噪声灵敏度。测试时的输入信号由一正常的单通道二导联合成ECG信号混以五种不同类型的合成噪声而构成的。这些类型的噪声是:肌电干扰、60Hz电源干扰、呼吸引起的基线漂移、突发性基线漂移以及由以上几种噪声混和而成的合成噪声,检出的QRS复波的百分比、假阳性的数目     

小波变换在心电信号特征提取中的应用

采用分段阈值和模极大值对斜率判据相结合的补偿策略,提出了一种精确提取QRS波群特征值的算法.经过对MIT/BIH心电数据库和临床实测的心电信号的大量实验,结果显示即使在有严重噪声干扰的情况下,运用本算法也很容易实现对QRS波群特征的有效提取,特别是对R波峰具有相当高的定位精度(其误差不超过一个采样点)和分析精度(没有累积误差).     

基于小波变换的QRS波群实时检测算法

本文研究了基于小波变换方法的心电信号QRS波群检测算法,通过对心电信号进行低通滤波、小波变换、差分平滑、阈值检测和修正策略等技术,提高了QRS波群的检测率.经MIT-BIH心律失常心电数据库全部48例数据的检验,QRS波检测灵敏度达99.82%,真阳性率达99.52%.在Windows环境下可实时实现.     

自动分析心电监护仪的QRS复合波检出方法

本文介绍两种自动分析心电监护仪的QRS复合波检出方法。一种基于带通滤波器的电子线路能有效地抑制T波和肌电干扰,去除基线漂移,正确检出R波。另一种计算心电信号的第一、二、三价微分,进而得到QRS宽度脉冲。两者所得输出信号都可送微型计算机作心律失常的自动分析。     

基于小波神经网络的心电信号滤波研究

针对心电(ECG)信号检测中存在的主要噪声,本文研究了基于小波神经网络(WNN)的ECG信号滤波理论。提出一种通过WNN非线性逼近能力构建的针对ECG信号的非线性滤波器算法和滤波策略,实现对ECG信号中基线漂移、肌电干扰、工频干扰噪声的滤除;给出了网络训练算法和滤波实验,滤波后信号与期望信号误差范围在微伏级,验证了本文提出的基于WNN的心电非线性滤波器对心电主要噪声快速滤波的良好效果,最后讨论了影响WNN用于心电滤波的几个关键问题。     

基于下采样检测QRS波的新方法

针对目前QRS波检测方法的不足,结合心电信号主要集中在0.05～35 Hz这一特点,我们提出了基于下采样的QRS波检测新方法.首先对原始心电信号进行下采样,然后利用自适应、自学习原理设置幅值和斜率阈值检测QRS波,利用不应期特性降低误检率,再利用回溯技术降低漏检率,最后对得到的QRS波进行更新来实现原始心电信号中QRS波的检测.采用MIT/BIH心电数据库的数据和重庆医科大学附属医院提供的临床数据对该方法进行验证,准确率可以达到98%.结果表明该方法简单、快速、检出率高,并且不受采样率的影响.     

基于数学形态学方法的心电图波形分离技术

讨论了一种基于数学形态学的心电图波形分离方法。使用这种方法,无须检测QRS波群,利用一系列形态学运算,便可以直接去除心电信号中的QRS波群,检出P波和T波的起止点,实现波形的定性和定量分离。定性分离效果甚佳,定量分离结果的方差较小。此外,心电信号的滤波、基线矫正等处理,也完全由类似的形态学算法实现。     

Empirical mode decomposition based ECG enhancement and QRS detection

In this paper an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based ECG signal enhancement and QRS detection algorithm is proposed. Being a non-invasive measurement, ECG is prone to various high and low frequency noises causing baseline wander and power line interference, which act as a source of error in QRS and other feature extraction. EMD is a fully adaptive signal decomposition technique that generates Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) as decomposition output. Here, first baseline wander is corrected by selective reconstruction based slope minimization technique from IMFs and then high frequency noise is removed by eliminating a noisy set of lower order IMFs with a statistical peak correction as high frequency noise elimination is accompanied by peak deformation of sharp characteristic waves. Then a set of IMFs are selected that represents QRS region and a nonlinear transformation is done for QRS enhancement. This improves detection accuracy, which is represented in the result section. Thus in this method a single fold processing of each signal is required unlike other conventional techniques.     

ECG signal processing using multiresolution analysis

In this paper, multiresolution analysis using wavelets is discussed and evaluated in ECG signal processing. The approach we developed for processing the ECG signals uses two steps. In the first step, we implement an algorithm based on multiresolution analysis using discrete wavelet transform for denoising the ECG signals. The results we obtained on MIT-BIH ECG signals show good performance in denoising ECG signals. In the second step, multiresolution analysis is applied for QRS complex detection. It is shown that with such analysis, the QRS complex can be distinguished from high P or T waves, baseline drift and artefacts. The results we obtained on ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database show a detection rate of QRS complexes above 99.8% (sensitivity = 99.88% and predictivity = 99.89%), and a total detection failure of 0.24%.     

ECG signal processing using multiresolution analysis

In this paper, multiresolution analysis using wavelets is discussed and evaluated in ECG signal processing. The approach we developed for processing the ECG signals uses two steps. In the first step, we implement an algorithm based on multiresolution analysis using discrete wavelet transform for denoising the ECG signals. The results we obtained on MIT-BIH ECG signals show good performance in denoising ECG signals. In the second step, multiresolution analysis is applied for QRS complex detection. It is shown that with such analysis, the QRS complex can be distinguished from high P or T waves, baseline drift and artefacts. The results we obtained on ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database show a detection rate of QRS complexes above 99.8% (sensitivity=99.88% and predictivity=99.89%), and a total detection failure of 0.24%.     

The use of the Hilbert transform in ECG signal analysis

This paper presents a new robust algorithm for QRS detection using the first differential of the ECG signal and its Hilbert transformed data to locate the R wave peaks in the ECG waveform. Using this method, the differentiation of R waves from large, peaked T and P waves is achieved with a high degree of accuracy. In addition, problems with baseline drift, motion artifacts and muscular noise are minimised. The performance of the algorithm was tested using standard ECG waveform records from the MIT-BITH Arrhythmia database. An average detection rate of 99.87%, a sensitivity (Se) of 99.94% and a positive prediction (+P) of 99.93% have been achieved against study records from the MIT-BITH Arrhythmia database. A detection error rate of less than 0.8% was achieved in every study case. The reliability of the proposed detector compares very favorably with published results for other QRS detectors.     

基于小波变换的QRS波检测

目的　将小波变换应用于ECG信号QRS波检测,提高QRS波的正确检测率。方法　利用二进Marr小波对ECG信号按Mallat算法进行变换;从等效滤波器的角度分析了信号奇异点(R波峰值点)与其小波变换模极大值的关系;探讨二次微分小波与一次微分小波在奇异点分析时性能上的差异,在检测中还运用了一系列策略以增强算法的抗干扰能力。结果　经MIT/BIH标准心律失常数据库验证,QRS波的正确检测率高达99.8%。结论　小波技术在ECG信号消噪和精确定位显示良好的性能;不同的小波函数直接影响结果和后续的检测策略。     

R wave detection using fractional digital differentiation

In this paper, a fractional digital differentiation-based algorithm for detecting R wave in QRS complex of electrocardiogram (ECG) is developed. A FIR bandpass filter, whose coefficients only depend on fractional orders, reduces various noises present in ECG signals and generates peaks corresponding to the ECG parts with high slopes. This filter is followed by nonlinear transforms and smoothing to enhance peaks corresponding to R waves. Algorithm tests on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Beth Israel Hospital (MIT/BIH) ECG database illustrate the capability of this novel approach to recognizing QRS complexes in very noisy ECG signals. The algorithm’s performances are comparable to those of the most efficient QRS detectors tested on this database.     

一种简单准确的R波检测算法

与心电图中其他波相比,QRS波群具有其显著的特点。我们根据其特点提出了一种综合利用前后幅值差法、半波宽法和R-R间期法的R波检测的算法。该算法简单可靠,对于基线漂移、大P波或大T波、严重高频干扰等具有较强的抗干扰能力,平均准确率在99.5%以上。文章还给出了实验结果和分析。