负压封闭引流治疗四肢开放损伤创面

目的探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗四肢开放损伤创面的价值。方法将236例四肢开放损伤创面患者按治疗方法分为两组:VSD组126例,创面面积89.0~205.0(142.57±27.46)cm~2;常规换药组110例,创面面积93.0~202.0(141.94±27.98)cm~2。观察两种治疗方法的疗效。结果创面愈合时间、住院时间、感染情况VSD组均优于常规换药组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用VSD治疗四肢开放损伤创面较常规换药治疗的愈合时间缩短、住院时间缩短,感染发生率低。     

绑鞋带技术联合VSD技术治疗创伤性四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面的效果

目的 研究绑鞋带技术联合负压封闭引流（VSD）技术治疗创伤性四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面的效 果。方法 选取2021年8月-2022年12月我院诊治的40例创伤性四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面患者为研究对象, 采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各组20例。对照组采用VSD技术治疗,试验组在对照组基础上 应用绑鞋带技术,比较两组一期愈合率、临床手术指标、植皮率、换药次数、并发症发生率。结果 试验 组一期愈合率为95.00%,高于对照组的75.00%（P ＜0.05）;试验组手术时间、术中出血量与对照组比较, 差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,但试验组创伤愈合时间、住院时间均短于对照组（P ＜0.05）;试验组植 皮率高于对照组,换药次数少于对照组（P ＜0.05）;试验组并发症发生率为10.00%,低于对照组的25.00% （P＜0.05）。结论 创伤性四肢皮肤软组织缺损创面患者应用绑鞋带技术联合VSD技术治疗可实现良好的 治疗效果,不仅可提高一期愈合率,缩短创伤愈合和住院时间,还能提高植皮率,减少换药次数,降低并 发症发生率,是一种有效、可行的治疗方法。     

臀大肌带蒂肌皮瓣结合负压封闭引流技术在褥疮创面修复患者中的愈合效果分析

目的 探究褥疮创面修复中,负压封闭引流技术（VSD）结合臀大肌带蒂肌皮瓣对促进患者愈合的效果。方法 纳入2020年6月—2023年3月入院的60例骶尾部褥疮合并皮肤软组织缺损患者作为研究对象,按照不同治疗方案分为常规组（n=30）和研究组（n=30）,常规组接受臀大肌上部肌皮瓣修复治疗,研究组接受VSD结合臀大肌带蒂肌皮瓣治疗。观察两组患者创面愈合情况、术后感染发生情况、创面愈合时间、换药次数、抗菌药物使用时间和住院时间。结果 研究组甲级愈合率高于常规组;与常规组比较,研究组换药次数少,愈合时间、抗菌药物应用时间与住院时间更短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05。）结论 褥疮创面修复中,VSD结合臀大肌带蒂肌皮瓣手术能够提高愈合质量,加快创面恢复,值得临床推广和应用。     

早期电动磨痂结合不同种敷料覆盖修复小儿深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效观察

目的：观察小儿深Ⅱ度烧伤创面早期电动磨痂后结合不同种敷料覆盖的治疗效果.方法：将2010年1月-2012年1月收治的60例四肢和躯干热液烫伤患儿随机分为凡士林油纱组、生物敷料组和负压封闭引流（VSD）组,每组20例.各组患儿在磨痂后,根据分组的不同,分别应用凡士林油纱、异种脱细胞真皮基质或VSD覆盖创面.术后观察创面愈合时间、愈合质量、换药次数、治疗费用.结果：生物敷料组、VSD组的创面愈合时间分别为（16.3±1.9）d和（16.9±1.8）d,明显短于凡士林纱布组[（19.2±2.5）d,P＜0.05];生物敷料组、VSD组反映瘢痕增生程度的温哥华评分分别为（4.5±0.7）分和（4.1±0.8）分,明显低于凡士林油纱组[（8.6±1.2）分,P＜0.01];VSD组的换药次数[（3.0±0.5）次]明显低于凡士林油纱组[（6.9±0.7）次,P＜0.05]和生物敷料组[（7.2±0.8）次,P＜0.01];凡士林油纱组的住院费用[（6 560.34±1 230.00）元],明显低于生物敷料组[（12 028.24±1 380.00）元,P＜0.01]和VSD组[（14 125.40±1 560.00）元,P＜0.01].结论：早期磨痂应用异种生物敷料和VSD覆盖较普通油纱覆盖能明显促进小儿深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合,缩短住院时间,显著提高创面愈合质量,减少换药次数,减轻患儿痛苦,但住院费用较高,临床上应根据患儿具体情况,灵活选择磨痂后创面覆盖物.     

负压封闭引流术应用于骨科四肢创伤创面效果观察

目的探讨负压封闭引流术(VSD)应用于骨科四肢创伤创面的效果。方法选取2015-01—2017-01间在我院骨科接受治疗的96例四肢创伤患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组48例。2组患者均给以抗感染、清创、植皮、修复创面等综合治疗。其间对照组行常规清创换药,观察组予以VSD。比较2组创面愈合情况、疼痛度、住院时间。结果观察组植皮成活率、创面愈合率、感染发生率、植皮时间、住院时间及住院费均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 VSD治疗骨科四肢创伤创面,能有效促进创面愈合、预防和降低感染发生率,缩短患者的住院时间。     

封闭负压引流技术治疗皮肤慢性溃疡

目的探讨应用封闭负压引流技术（VSD）治疗皮肤慢性溃疡的临床疗效。方法 29例皮肤慢性溃疡患者中采用VSD治疗15例,常规换药治疗14例。比较两种治疗方法在换药次数、开始治疗至植皮的时间、创面细菌培养阳性率、溃疡愈合时间上存在的差异,对两种治疗方法的临床疗效进行评估。结果与常规换药组比较,VSD组换药次数少,开始治疗至植皮时间短,创面细菌培养阳性率低,溃疡愈合时间短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 VSD治疗皮肤慢性溃疡明显优于常规换药治疗。     

足踝部皮肤软组织缺损治疗中应用负压封闭引流技术疗效观察

[目的]观察足踝部皮肤软组织缺损治疗中应用负压封闭引流技术(VSD)的临床效果.[方法]将2007年10月～2011年10月本科收治足踝部皮肤软组织缺损40例患者依据随机对照原则分为观察组及对照组,每组20例,观察组采用VSD治疗结合二期手术治疗,对照组采用传统换药治疗结合二期手术治疗,对两组创面二期手术前换药次数、二期手术等待时间、创面完全愈合时间、创面愈合治疗费用进行记录并比较.[结果]观察组及对照组患者依据创面情况分别采用游离植皮、二期缝合、皮瓣转位治疗后创面全部愈合,无局部及全身并发症发生；观察组二期手术前换药次数、二期手术等待时间及创面完全愈合时间均低于对照组,其差异具有显著的统计学意义(P＜0.05)；两组的刨面愈合治疗费用差异无显著统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]VSD具有刺激刨面生长、缩短治愈时间的作用,是治疗足踝部软组织缺损的一种简便、有效的方法.     

音乐疗法对老年期痴呆患者认知功能干预效果的Meta分析

目的 评价音乐疗法对老年期痴呆患者认知功能的干预效果.方法 检索国内外数据库自建库至2020年7月12日公开发表的有关音乐疗法对老年期痴呆患者认知功能干预效果的随机对照试验,符合质量标准的文献采用RevMan5.3软件进行分析.结果 纳入15项随机对照试验,共1 101例研究对象.Meta分析结果显示,与常规对照组相比,音乐干预能够改善老年期痴呆患者的认知功能[MD = 1.58,95％CI(0.54,2.62),P＜0.01].亚组分析显示,干预疗程≥12周[MD = 1.75,95％CI(0.61,2.90),P＜0.01]、被动音乐干预[MD = 2.27,95％CI(0.45,4.09),P＜0.05]、主动+被动音乐干预[MD = 2.32,95％CI(0.02,4.63),P＜0.05]、团体干预[MD = 1.65,95％CI(0.39,2.92),P＜0.05]、干预频率≥2次/周[MD = 1.50,95％CI(0.29,2.70,P＜0.05]、干预总时长≥30 h[MD = 1.66,95％CI(0.21,3.10),P＜0.05]对老年期痴呆患者认知功能的影响效果较为显著.结论 音乐疗法对老年期痴呆患者认知功能有显著效果,建议使用音乐干预时,采用团体干预形式,以被动音乐干预为主,每周至少2次,总干预时间至少30 h.因纳入文献样本量及质量限制,本结论还需更多大样本、高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证.     

中药灌肠治疗弥漫性腹膜炎术后胃肠道功能异常的Meta 分析

目的:对国内外已发表的有关中药灌肠治疗弥漫性腹膜炎术后胃肠道功能异常的临床疗效及优势进行 Meta 分析。方法:计算机检索中国医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang Data)、中国科学引文索引数据库(CSCI)、Pubmed、Cochrane Library、PHM 数据库,检索时限为建库至 2019 年10 月,2 名评价者独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究偏倚后,采用RevMan5.3 软件进行Meta 分析。结果:最终纳入10 项随机对照试验(RCT),总病例数813 例,实验组420 例,对照组393 例。Meta 分析结果显示:与对照组比较,中药灌肠联合术后常规西医治疗弥漫性腹膜炎术后患者能缩短肛门排气恢复时间[MD=-24.54,95% CI(-33.14,-15.94),P ＜ 0.00001]、肠鸣音恢复时间[MD =-12.41,95% CI(-16.39,-8.43),P ＜ 0.00001]、肛门排便恢复时间[MD =-28.36,95% CI(-40.89,-15.83),P ＜ 0.00001],减少继发肠梗阻发生[RR=0.18,95% CI(0.08,0.42), P ＜ 0.0001]、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)发生率[RR =0.29,95% CI(0.09,0.92),P =0.03]。在肺部感染方面,观察组和对照组未见明显差异[RR =0.38,95% CI(0.14,1.01),P =0.05],在伤口感染方面,观察组和对照组未见明显差异[RR=0.45,95% CI (0.19,1.06),P =0.07]。结论: 在术后常规西医治疗的基础上联合中药灌肠,缩短肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气恢复时间、肛门排便恢复时间,减少继发性肠梗阻及MODS 发生率。但纳入文献质量偏低,需高质量RCT 进一步验证。     

封闭负压吸引技术对慢性难愈创面的治疗及护理

目的:评价封闭负压吸引技术(VSD)用于各类慢性难愈创面的效果。方法:入选IV度压疮、III度烧伤创面、糖尿病足溃疡和周围血管病变引起的溃烂共计50例60处,分为传统组和治疗组,传统组行常规清创、换药、包扎、抗感染支持对症治疗;治疗组清创后采用自制的简易负压吸引装置治疗,在每次更换负压装置时进行清创,并给予抗感染支持对症治疗。观察VSD治疗组和传统组住院时间,换药次数,创面愈合时间,创面愈合费用,分析差异有无统计学意义。结果:经过治疗后创面清洁,面积较前缩小,肉芽生长新鲜,减少换药次数,减少住院时间,降低了住院费用。结论:负压吸引技术对不同慢性难愈创面均有效。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.