Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy: technical aspects and short-term results

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is currently regarded as the next major advance in the progress of minimally invasive techniques in colorectal surgery. We describe our initial experience using SILS for the management of colorectal disease and present preliminary short-term results. Between February 2010 and April 2011, 7 patients (4 females and 3 males, mean age 55 years, range 32–74) underwent SILS for either benign or malignant colorectal disease. Preoperative diagnosis was diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon in two patients, malignant polyps of the sigmoid colon in two other patients and large villous tumor of the right colon in three patients. Surgical procedures, 4 anterior resections of the rectum and 3 right hemicolectomies, were performed through a 3 cm single umbilical incision using a SILS multi port device with conventional or articulated laparoscopic instruments. There were no intraoperative complications or conversions in the standard laparoscopic procedure. The mean operative time for anterior resections was 160.0 ± 10.6 min, whereas it was 160.6 ± 20 for right hemicolectomies. Blood loss was minimal. No postoperative complications were reported in any of the patients. The overall mean hospital stay was 4.8 ± 0.2 days (range 4–5). For the subset of patients with malignant or pre-malignant disease, the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 15.6 ± 4.4 (range 6–31). Cosmetic results were considered excellent by all the patients after 15 days. In conclusion, our preliminary experience shows that SILS for colorectal disease is feasible and safe with potential reproducible oncologic results.     

改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术62例报告

目的:探讨改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿急性阑尾炎的可行性、优点及注意事项。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2012年5月采用改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗62例小儿急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果:62例均顺利完成改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,手术时间平均(48±13)min,术后12~23 h恢复通气。4例患儿术后2~3 d右上腹切口感染,经换药、微波理疗1周后愈合。术后均无粪瘘,腹、盆腔脓肿及粘连性肠梗阻等其他并发症发生,术后平均住院(4±1)d。随访1~2年,无粘连性肠梗阻等相关并发症发生。结论:改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿急性阑尾炎具有创伤小、康复快、住院时间短、并发症少、安全有效等优点,但应根据术中实际情况操作,切不可盲目追求微创。     

经麦氏点单孔腹腔镜辅助阑尾切除术在基层医院的应用体会

目的:探讨经麦氏点单孔腹腔镜辅助阑尾切除术在基层医院应用的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年2月至2011年8月收治的116例经麦氏点单孔腹腔镜辅助阑尾切除患者的临床资料。结果:113例单孔腹腔镜手术获得成功,3例直接延长麦氏点切口中转开腹。手术时间平均(25±2.3)min。术后常规抗感染治疗,1例发生切口感染。患者均痊愈出院,平均住院(3.5±1.2)d。115例患者获得随访,无其他并发症发生。结论:经麦氏点单孔腹腔镜辅助阑尾切除术具有患者创伤小、痛苦少、康复快等优点,手术简单易行,尤其适合初期开展腹腔镜手术的年轻外科医师及基层医院推广应用。     

Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: is it more than a challenge?

Background

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a promising technique with regard to reducing postoperative pain, decreasing complications, and improving cosmesis.

Methods

Between September 2008 and April 2009, 20 patients underwent cholecystectomy via SILS. The umblicus was the access point of entry to the abdomen for all the patients.

Results

Of the 20 cholecystectomies, 19 were performed with SILS. Failure of trocar insertion was the reason for conversion with the first patient. No complications or mortalities were associated with the technique. The mean operating time was 94 min.

Conclusion

The use of SILS for cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with reasonable operation times.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术112例报告

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)的操作要点及手术方法。方法:回顾分析2012年11月至2013年7月为112例患者行经脐单孔LA的临床资料。结果:3例因阑尾周围脓肿、7例因阑尾根部坏疽穿孔中转为常规三孔法腹腔镜手术,1例因阑尾萎缩位于浆膜内中转开腹,余101例手术获得成功。手术时间平均(20.0±3.6)min,术中出血量均小于5 ml,术后平均(6.5±0.8)h下床活动,平均(8.0±2.6)h排气,平均住院(3.4±1.5)d。患者均恢复良好,无出血、粪漏、切口感染、切口疝、残株炎、粘连性肠梗阻等并发症发生,患者对术后疼痛、恢复情况、皮肤美容效果均满意。结论:经脐单孔LA操作方便,手术安全、可行,具有疗效确切、美容效果佳、疗效好、术后康复快、学习曲线短、住院费用低等优点,适于基层医院推广应用。     

Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children

Background and Objectives:

The advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy over open appendectomy have not yet been clearly demonstrated. The present study evaluated our early experience with laparoscopic appendectomy in children, in terms of its safety, effectiveness, technical difficulties, and economics.

Methods:

We reviewed the records of 50 cases involving laparoscopic appendectomy performed at our affiliated institutions between September, 1994, and September, 1996. Patient age ranged from 6 to 18 years (mean, 14 years). Thirty-two patients had acute nonperforated appendicitis, six had perforated appendicitis, two had fibrosis of the appendix, and ten had a histologically normal appendix.

Results:

In five patients the laparoscopic procedures were converted to open appendectomies because of technical difficulties. There were postoperative complications in four patients: one incomplete appendectomy which subsequently required an open appendectomy for completion, one pelvic abscess, one bowel obstruction, and one minor wound infection.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and effective procedure. It takes longer operative time than open appendectomy. Length of hospitalization and incidence of postoperative complications are equivalent to those of open appendectomy. Economic benefits are difficult to assess at present. In sum, we believe that with better training, surgical techniques and equipment, laparoscopic appendectomy will eventually become the surgical procedure of choice in appendicitis.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合阑尾切除术30例临床经验与分析

目的 探讨急、慢诊施行腹腔镜胆囊(Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合阑尾切除术(Laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)的操作要点和临床价值.方法 回顾性分析了我院2006年9月至2010年2月对30例患者施行腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术.其中,急性胆囊炎合并慢性阑尾炎1...     

Laparoscopy in complicated pediatric appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: Complicated appendicitis (gangrenous or perforated) has been associated with increased risk for postoperative complications, especially intraabdominal abscess. Caution has been advised when attempting laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in children. The objective of our study was to assess the incidence of intraabdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic appendectomy in pediatric patients presenting with complicated appendicitis. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 52 pediatric patients presenting with acute appendicitis at a single teaching institution who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy by a single surgeon. All laparoscopic procedures were completed without conversion. Treatment complications and outcomes were recorded for all cases. RESULTS: Five of the 52 patients (10%) had complicated appendicitis. One of the 5 patients (20%) developed intraabdominal abscess postoperatively and underwent laparoscopic drainage during the same admission. No other complications were noted. None of these patients was readmitted for wound infections or intraabdominal abscesses. The single postoperative abscess occurred early during our initial experience with laparoscopic appendectomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy seems to be a safe alternative for the treatment of complicated appendicitis in children. Caution is recommended during the initial experience of surgeons with this procedure, because the complication rate seems to be higher during the learning curve. Close postoperative follow-up and a high index of suspicion for development of complications is recommended. As surgeons' experience accumulates, the safety of the procedure seems to increase. A prospective, randomized trial is recommended to establish the role of laparoscopy in complicated appendicitis in the pediatric population.     

腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术52例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜在小儿阑尾切除术中的应用价值. 方法 2002年10月～2004年12月应用腹腔镜三孔法行小儿阑尾切除术52例. 结果 52例均顺利完成手术,手术时间20～50 min,平均30 min.术后2～4 d出院.2例穿刺孔周围发生皮下气肿,无其它并发症.49例随访3～29个月,平均14个月,无肠梗阻、腹腔内残余感染等发生. 结论腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术创伤小,并发症少,安全,疗效确切.     

Single-incision laparoscopic right colectomy for cancer: a single-centre preliminary experience

The rationale for single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is minimizing morbidity, as well as improving cosmetic results of laparoscopic approach. This technique has been used for a variety of procedures and has recently been proposed for colonic resections as well. We report our preliminary experience of right colectomy, performed through a SILS approach. Five patients (3 males, 2 females, mean age 81.6 years) were selected to undergo SILS right colectomy for cancer. The procedure was carried out through a SILS multi-port device (SILS? Port, Covidien Ltd, Norwalk, CT, USA), with either conventional or specially designed instruments. A medial-to-lateral approach and an extra-corporeal anastomosis were performed. In three cases, the procedure was completed through the SILS technique; in two of these cases a combined procedure was carried out (right colectomy plus cholecystectomy, right colectomy plus cholecystectomy plus i.o. colonoscopy and polypectomy). In one case, a switch to standard laparoscopy was necessary because of the large dimension of the tumour, while in the other case an intolerance of pneumoperitoneum was registered, thus requiring a conversion to open surgery. SILS procedures proved to be oncologically correct. No major complications occurred. In selected patients, SILS right colectomy for cancer appears to be feasible and oncologically safe. Beyond the cosmetic advantage, the procedure may reduce postoperative morbidity. Further studies are needed, with larger series and a longer follow-up, to determine the incidence of possible long-term complications and to evaluate possible cost-effectiveness of the procedure.     

腹腔镜手术治疗复杂性阑尾炎

目的 总结腹腔镜手术治疗复杂性阑尾炎的经验.方法 2008年2月～ 2012年2月对87例复杂性阑尾炎(坏疽、穿孔性阑尾炎或阑尾周围脓肿形成)行腹腔镜手术,术式包括腹腔镜阑尾切除联合腹腔冲洗引流,腹腔镜下阑尾脓肿清创引流术.结果 无死亡病例,3例中转开腹,4例阑尾周围脓肿形成需要行二期阑尾切除术.手术时间(54±21) min,术后肛门排气时间(38±13)h,术后住院时间(5.0±1.4)d.术后6例出现并发症,其中戳孔感染3例,切口换药后愈合;腹腔残余脓肿2例,抗炎治疗后脓肿逐渐吸收;粪漏1例,经过肠外营养支持、充分引流及使用抗生素后愈合.80例随访8～44个月,平均14个月,2例出现粘连性肠梗阻,余无其他并发症出现.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗复杂性阑尾炎是安全有效的.     

A tiered approach to optimize pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy outcomes

Background/PurposeSurgical management of appendicitis accounts for ~ 30% of total expenditure in the practice of pediatric surgery and is associated with high cost variation. We hypothesize that incorporating single-incision laparoscopy (SILS) and the resultant by-product dual-incision laparoscopy (DILS) into a historically three-incision laparoscopic (TILS) appendectomy practice affords equal outcomes at lower cost.MethodsAppendectomies performed at a large-volume tertiary care children's hospital from 1/2015–12/2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Appendectomy technique and appendicitis severity were stratified against operative and admission direct variable (DV) costs. Secondary outcomes included perioperative time course and 30-day postoperative outcomes.ResultsA total of 970 appendectomies were analyzed during the study period (61% acute, 39% complex appendicitis). SILS and DILS had significantly lower mean DV costs and OR times compared to TILS for both acute and complex appendicitis while maintaining equivalent outcomes.ConclusionsSILS and DILS appendectomy techniques can be incorporated into pediatric surgical practice at lower cost than TILS appendectomy while maintaining equivalent outcomes. Further, the introduction of a tiered approach to laparoscopic appendectomy, in which all cases are started as SILS with additional incisions added based on operative difficulty, is estimated to save $74,580 annually in operative DV costs at a pediatric surgical center averaging 314 laparoscopic appendectomies per year.Type of StudyTreatment Study.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

一种简单易行的阑尾圈套器

目的 探讨阑尾圈套器的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年6月重庆市第九人民医院收治的50例阑尾炎患者的临床资料.探讨通过阑尾圈套器丝线悬吊的方法行二孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术并分析其临床疗效.采用门诊和电话进行随访,随访时间截至2012年12月.结果 50例患者手术获得成功,其中1例穿孔性阑尾炎腹膜外位,暴露不清,采用三孔法完成手术.手术时间（不包含麻醉前后及准备器械时间）为（35±4）min（25～75 min）,术中出血量为5～8 mL,患者术后肛门排气时间为（10.0± 1.6）h（6.0 ～20.0 h）.术后无肠瘘、切口感染、腹腔脓肿等近期并发症发生.术后切口微创美观.术后病理检查示急性化脓性阑尾炎27例、穿孔性阑尾炎13例、急性单纯性阑尾炎10例.全组患者获得随访（门诊随访17例、电话随访33例）,术后平均随访时间为10个月（6～18个月）,未发生戳孔疝、粘连性肠梗阻等远期并发症.结论 阑尾圈套器制作简单、经济实用,是一种简单易行的方法.     

单孔加一腹腔镜技术在根治性右半结肠癌手术中的应用

目的比较"单孔加一"与常规5孔法完全腹腔镜技术在右半结肠癌手术中的近期疗效、术后肠道功能恢复及机体应激及炎性反应状态,以探讨"单孔加一"腹腔镜技术在根治性右半结肠癌手术中的可行性和优势。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集2018年1月至2020年9月期间,在福建省肿瘤医院胃肠外科接受单孔加一孔腹腔镜右半结肠手术的35例患者(SILS+1组)的临床资料,并将同期采用常规5孔法行完全腹腔镜右半结肠手术的44例患者作为传统组(CLS组)。比较两组术中观察指标(手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度)及术后观察指标(术后首次下地时间、首次排气时间、术后前3 d疼痛评分、住院天数、淋巴结清扫个数、疼痛评分、术后并发症发生率、术后总蛋白、白蛋白及C-反应蛋白指标)。结果两组均无中转开腹或腹腔镜辅助手术,均成功完成全腔镜下根治性右半结肠癌切除术。两组性别、年龄、体质指数、肿瘤分期方面差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),具有可比性。与CLS组相比,SILS+1组总切口长度更短[(5.1±0.6)cm比(8.5±4.1)cm,t=4.124,P=0.012],首次下地中位时间(中位数:27.6 h比49.3 h,Z=4.386,P=0.026)及首次排气中位时间(42.8 h比63.2 h,Z=13.086,P=0.012)更早,术后疼痛更轻[术后1d:(2.0±1.1)分比(3.6±0.9)分;术后2 d:(1.4±0.2)分比(2.9±1.4)分,术后3 d:(1.1±0.1)分比(2.3±0.3)分,F=49.128,P=0.003],术后住院时间[(9.1±2.7)d比(11.2±2.2)d,t=3.267,P=0.001]更短,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。术后第2天复查,发现SILS+1组的总蛋白水平高于CLS组[(59.7±18.2)g/L比(43.0±12.3)g/L,t=2.214,P=0.003]、白蛋白水平高于CLS组[(33.6±7.3)g/L比(23.7±5.4)g/L,t=5.845,P<0.001],C-反应蛋白水平低于CLS组[(16.3±3.1)g/L比(63.3±4.5)g/L,t=4.961,P<0.001],差异均具有统计学意义。两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数、淋巴结转移数及术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论"单孔加一"技术具有良好的可操作性及潜在推广价值,在具有与传统腹腔镜同等根治度的前提下,该技术可减少手术切口数目,减轻术后疼痛,加快术后恢复,缩短住院时间。     

腹腔镜治疗阑尾周围脓肿25例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的手术方法及临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2010年4月至2013年4月为25例阑尾周围脓肿患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。其中18例行阑尾切除加脓肿病灶清除术，7例行脓肿引流术。结果：25例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术，手术时间平均（60．25±30．12）min，平均住院（7．53±3．44）d。术后2例发生切口脂肪津化，切口延迟愈合：余均无并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿是安全、可行的，应根据患者病情采取合适的术式。     

单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的常见困难与处理

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜行阑尾切除的手术中的常见困难与处理方法。方法:回顾性分析勒流医院2009年6月—2012年2月采取经脐单孔腹腔镜治疗的86例阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果:处理困难包括腹腔脓液积聚15例,阑尾显露困难6例,残端处理困难5例,腹腔粘连3例;78例在单孔腹腔镜下完成手术,8例转为常规腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹者;手术时间(41.39±13.76)min,住院时间(4.82±2.16)d;全组无术后出血、切口感染等并发症。结论:单孔腹腔镜行阑尾切除手术是安全可行的;阑尾切除困难时,应视阑尾病变的情况采取相应的方法和技巧,能有效的防止并发症的发生。     

改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床体会

目的:总结改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的手术经验与技巧。方法:回顾分析为156例患者行改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料。10 mm观察孔位于脐上缘,第一操作孔(5 mm)位于脐下缘,第二操作孔(5 mm)选在阴毛遮蔽部位,如耻骨联合上缘或左侧耻骨结节上方。紧贴阑尾电凝分离切断阑尾系膜,自制条形取物袋取出阑尾。结果:本组手术均获成功,手术时间平均(60±30)min。4例患者于耻骨联合上切口放置细尿管引流,并于术后3 d内拔除。均无切口感染、出血及肠梗阻等并发症发生。患者均痊愈出院,平均住院(3.5±1.5)d,患者满意度较高。结论:改良三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术更美观、实用,术后切口疤痕更隐蔽。     

Improved outcomes for laparoscopic appendectomy compared with open appendectomy in the pediatric population

INTRODUCTION: The appendectomy is a common emergent surgical procedure in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to examine our institution's experience and outcomes in the appendectomy in the pediatric population early in our transition from open surgery to a predominantly laparoscopic approach. METHODS: We retrospectively studied all pediatric patients (age 20 years) that underwent an appendectomy at a tertiary care center over 2 years. The data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, operative details, outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-three consecutive patients, with a mean age of 9.5 (3.9) years, were included in the study. Forty-four laparoscopic and 179 open appendectomies were performed. Two of the laparoscopic cases were converted to open appendectomies. Significant differences were seen between the two groups, with longer operative times (P < 0.0001) and lower estimated blood loss (P = 0.007) in the laparoscopic group. Operative times improved significantly for the laparoscopic group as the surgeons became more experienced (P = 0.03). The laparoscopic group used intravenous pain medication for a shorter time (0.8 vs. 1.9 days; P = 0.0003) and had a shorter postoperative hospital length of stay (2.2 vs. 3.4 days; P = 0.004). The laparoscopic group had fewer wound infections (2.3% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.3), intra-abdominal abscesses (4.5% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.8), and postoperative ileus (0% vs. 2.2%; P = 0.3), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic appendectomy procedure is a safe alternative to open appendectomy in pediatric patients and results in shorter hospital stays with less postoperative pain.     

改良三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的临床体会（附48例报告）

目的：探讨改良三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的应用价值。方法：回顾分析2005年5月至2012年8月施行的48例改良三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的临床资料。结果：48例均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均（65±12）min;出血量平均（15±10）ml,无一例中转开腹。术后分别发生胆漏1例、脐部切口感染1例,2例患者均于3-5 d内恢复正常;腹腔引流管术后2-5 d拔除,住院时间均与同时期单纯腹腔镜胆囊或阑尾切除手术患者相近。术后46例患者获得随访,随访2-12个月,患者均恢复良好。结论：选择合适的病例,应用改良后的操作方法行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术是安全、有效、可行的,充分体现了微创技术在多器官联合手术中的优越性,具有良好的临床效益、经济效益、社会效益,尤其对于基层医院、初学者具有一定的指导意义。