清宫止血颗粒对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨具有益气活血、祛瘀止血功能的中药复方制剂清宫止血颗粒的药效学机制.方法:以健康雌性KM小鼠和环磷酰胺致免疫低下的模型小鼠为对象,观察清宫止血颗粒对小鼠单核细胞吞噬功能(采用碳粒廓清法)、2,4-二硝基氯苯(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene,DNCB)致小鼠迟发性过敏反应以及血清溶血素抗体的影响.结果:(1)清宫止血颗粒能增强免疫低下模型小鼠肝脾对碳粒的廓清能力,低、高剂量组与环磷酰胺组比较有极显著差异(P<0.01),中剂量组与环磷酰胺组比较有显著差异(P<0.05);(2)清宫止血颗粒能增强免疫低下小鼠的细胞免疫,其低、中、高剂量均能增加DNCB致敏的免疫低下小鼠耳的肿胀程度,与环磷酰胺比较均有极显著差异(P<0.01);(3)清宫止血颗粒能提高免疫低下小鼠体内溶血素抗体含量,其高剂量与环磷酰胺比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),其低、中剂量亦有提高溶血素抗体含量的趋势.结论:清宫止血颗粒能增强实验性免疫低下模型小鼠的特异性与非特异性免疫力,可能有助于加快产后与流产后的全身性恢复和子宫复旧.     

注射用三七素对动物实验性损伤的止血作用*

目的观察注射用三七素止血促凝的作用。方法注射用三七素设为高、中、低三个剂量,分别通过家兔肝急性损伤性 出血,小鼠试验性胃黏膜损伤以及大鼠肠系膜动脉出血等试验观察其经静脉给予实验动物后的止血效果;以及通过小鼠腹 腔毛细血管通透性试验检测注射用三七素对血管通透性的影响。另于给药后0、30和60 min分别抽取家兔血液,经处理后检 测凝血四项指标（APTT、PT、TT和Fbg）及用Elisa方法测定纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1） 含量。结果注射用三七素各剂量均可减少家兔急性肝损伤的出血时间和出血量,以及大鼠肠系膜动脉出血时间,并明显降 低醋酸所引起的小鼠毛细血管通透性升高,其中以高剂量（家兔1.00 mg·kg-1,大鼠2.00 mg·kg-1,小鼠2.5 mg·kg-1 ）组效果最为显著（P<0.05）。此外,注射用三七素高、中、低三个剂量均可显著减少小鼠试验性胃黏膜损伤指数 （P<0.01）。此外,高剂量的三七素具有缩短家兔凝血酶原时间的趋势及减低家兔血中纤溶酶源激活物抑制物-1含量随时 间推移而迅速下降的作用。结论注射用三七素可明显缩短多种动物模型的出血时间,促进血液凝固,并降低模型动物毛细 血管通透性。同时通过促进血液凝结和抑制纤溶发挥而止血作用。     

疏血通脉胶囊对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

目的研究疏血通脉胶囊对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响。方法制备疏血通脉胶囊含药血清,采用血清药理学和活体肠系膜微循环观察法,观察疏血通脉胶囊含药血清对去甲肾上腺素（NA）致肠系膜微循环障碍模型小鼠的肠系膜微血管管径和肠系膜微血管血液恢复流动的影响。结果疏血通脉胶囊含药血清能扩张小鼠肠系膜微血管管径,缩短微循环障碍模型小鼠肠系膜血流恢复时间。结论疏血通脉胶囊具有改善小鼠微循环障碍的作用。     

Effects of Shuxue Tongmai Capsule on mesenteric microcirculation of mice

目的 研究疏血通脉胶囊对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响.方法 制备疏血通脉胶囊含药血清,采用血清药理学和活体肠系膜微循环观察法,观察疏血通脉胶囊含药血清对去甲肾上腺素(NA)致肠系膜微循环障碍模型小鼠的肠系膜微血管管径和肠系膜微血管血液恢复流动的影响.结果 疏血通脉胶囊含药血清能扩张小鼠肠系膜微血管管径,缩短微循环障碍模型小鼠肠系膜血流恢复时间.结论 疏血通脉胶囊具有改善小鼠微循环障碍的作用.     

颠茄乳膏剂的制备及其活血作用的初探

目的本实验用颠茄草制备颠茄乳膏剂并通过7项质量评定,研究对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。方法将36只小鼠分成6组,每组6只,分别用自制颠茄乳膏剂0.1g/cm2、0.3g/1.5cm2、0.5g/2cm2空白组凡士林0.1g/cm2和阳性对照组扶他林乳膏0.1g/cm2涂抹于小鼠背部,给药后分别观察10min、20min、30min小鼠耳廓的微动、静脉管径的差值和微静脉血液流态去探索颠茄乳膏剂对小鼠微循环的促进作用。结果颠茄乳膏剂的小、中、大剂量组和凡士林组对微动、静脉管径的扩张作用和血液流态都具有极显著差异（P〈0.01）,颠茄乳膏剂的大剂量组和扶他林组对微动、静脉管径的扩张作用和血液流态具有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论颠茄乳膏剂能增加小鼠微动、静脉管径,促进微静脉血流速度,具有一定的活血作用。     

克塞灵单次给药对家兔降纤及溶栓作用

目的:观察克塞灵(Cath)单次ⅳ给药对家免血浆纤维蛋白原含量的影响及溶栓作用。方法:单次家兔ⅳCath后,分别于24、48、72h从家免心脏取血测定血浆纤维蛋白原含量;Cath的溶栓作用观察,首先制备血栓并称重,将制备好的血栓植入同一麻醉家兔动脉—静脉(A—V)、动脉—动脉(A—A)半体外人造血液循环通路中。结果:Cath0.25 u·kg~124h、Cath0.5 u·kg~124、48h可显著降低血浆纤维蛋白原含量(P<0.05)。Cath0.25、0.5 u·kg~1单次给药可使血栓重量减轻,同对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),0.25、0.5 u·kg~1组间溶栓作用比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),同一家免A-V、A-A之间溶栓作用比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:Cath0.25、0.5 u·kg~1单次给药可降低家兔血浆纤维蛋白原含量并有溶栓作用。     

经血舒颗粒治疗功能性子宫出血的药效学研究

目的通过药效学试验验证经血舒颗粒与临床主治功效有关的作用。方法观察经血舒颗粒对热板引起的小鼠后足疼痛反应;经血舒颗粒对大鼠血清中的雌二醇(E2)含量和孕酮(P)含量的影响;经血舒颗粒对在体小鼠子宫平滑肌兴奋性的改变;观察经血舒颗粒对正常小鼠断尾出血时间的变化;经血舒颗粒对寒凝所致“血瘀证”模型大鼠血液流变学的影响。结果经血舒颗粒低、中、高3个剂量组可抑制热板引起的小鼠后足疼痛反应,与模型组比较有显著差异(P<0.05、P<0.01);经血舒颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组均能提高大鼠血清中的雌二醇(E2)含量,其中高剂量组、低剂量组与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);经血舒颗粒可以提高血清中孕酮的含量,但与对照组比较无显著性差异;经血舒颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组均可增加子宫平滑肌收缩幅度,与缩宫素有协同作用,与空白组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01、P<0.05);经血舒颗粒高、中、低3个剂量组可降低全血低切黏度、全血中切黏度、血浆比黏度,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论经血舒颗粒具有镇痛、镇静、收缩子宫平滑肌、止血、活血、化瘀等作用。      

一个新的尖吻蝮蛇类凝血酶对血液活性的研究

目的研究蛇毒类凝血酶Agacutin的止血效果。方法新西兰白兔静脉注射Agacutin,观察新西兰白兔的血凝和纤溶指标;小鼠皮下注射,采用小鼠剪尾试验测定其止血效果。结果静脉注射Agacutin0.01～0.05U·kg-1剂量后,各剂量组全血凝固时间与给药前相比均有不同程度的缩短(44.9%～60.5%),给药后30min药效达高峰,药效持续24h。与给药前比较,各实验组兔血纤维蛋白原含量和血黏度在给药后有不同程度的降低,这与血液凝固时间缩短一致。试验结果显示,Agacutin对活化部分凝血活酶时间、血小板数量、血小板释放活性均无明显影响,但对优球蛋白溶解时间有不同的缩短,显示有弱的溶栓活性。腹腔注射Agacutin0.5～2.0U·kg-1剂量后,小鼠剪尾出血时间有不同程度的缩短(24%～66%)。结论Agacutin在血管内引起较高浓度的可溶性纤维蛋白和不激活凝血因子Ⅱ和,当有伤口时,在伤口部位加速止血,在正常的血管内,不会造成不溶性纤维蛋白和血栓的形成。所有实验结果显示,Agacutin是一个有效的潜在止血剂。     

葛根素注射液对失血性休克家兔肠系膜微循环的影响

目的探讨葛根素注射液对失血性休克家兔肠系膜微循环的保护作用。方法将15只家兔随机分为模型组、预防组、治疗组,每组5只,在医用图像分析系统下观察并记录缺血30min和再灌注30min时家兔肠系膜微动脉、微静脉管径,血液流态,微血管数目的变化。结果缺血30min时,模型组和治疗组与缺血前比较,微动、静脉管径缩小,血流速度减慢,微血管数目减少（P〈0．01）,预防组微循环变化不明显;再灌注30min时各组与其缺血前比较,模型组微动、静脉管径缩小,血流速度减慢,微血管数目减少（P〈0．01）,预防组、治疗组微循环变化不明显。结论葛根素注射液对失血性休克家兔肠系膜微循环有一定的保护作用。     

中国福建尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒类凝酶止血作用的实验研究

目的：研究中国福建尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒类凝酶止血作用及其作用机制。方法：用断尾法测小鼠出血时间,观察止血剂量对家兔全血凝固时间及纤维蛋白原含量的影响。结果：蛇毒类凝酶在0．0001－0．0100kU/kg可使小鼠出血时间明显缩短,而当剂量增大到3．0000kU/kg时,则显著延长小鼠出血时间。其0．0004－0．0036kU/kg剂量能使家兔全血凝固时间明显缩短,降低纤维蛋白原的含量。结论：中国福建尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒类凝酶在小剂量时可作为止血药,它可能通过适度降低纤维蛋白原的含量,缩短出凝血时间而发挥其止血作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.