青少年错患者正畸治疗后牙尖交错位接触特征变化初探

目的探讨经正畸治疗获得正常牙列形态的青少年错患者主动矫治结束后12个月内牙尖交错位接触的变化规律。方法选择20例正畸主动矫治结束后戴用标准霍利保持器的青少年错患者,使用T-ScanⅡ咬合分析系统分别于矫治结束即刻（T1）和矫治结束12个月时（T2）记录其牙尖交错位接触并进行比较。结果 20例患者T1至T2前牙接触面积及前牙力占总力的百分比有所减小,后牙接触面积及后牙力占总力百分比有所增加,但所有测量项目两时间点的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论戴用标准霍利保持器12个月后,患者牙尖交错位接触状况仅有轻微改善,主动矫治结束前的咬合检查及精细调整是必不可少的。     

青少年正畸治疗中影响牙根吸收的因素探讨

目的：探讨影响青少年错[牙合]畸形患者正畸矫治后牙根吸收的相关因素。方法：选择已完成正畸固定矫治的青少年患者78例．在其矫治前后的曲面断层片上,对4个上切牙进行根尖形态的分析,以获得正畸矫治后牙根吸收的定性数据。在对受试者按年龄、性别、牙位、牙龄、拔牙与否及疗程分组后,利用SPSS12．0软件对所得数据进行非参数检验分析。结果：所有正畸患者都存在一定程度的牙根吸收,根尖形态分析显示：①牙龄ⅣA期患者比ⅢC期的患者存在更严重的牙根吸收（P〈0．01）,但按年龄比较不存在显著差异;②拔牙组比不拔牙组有更加严重的牙根吸收（P〈0．01）;③疗程越长,牙根吸收也越明显（P〈0．05）;④牙根吸收的严重程度与性别及上切牙牙位之间无相关性。结论：在第二恒磨牙完全建验前（ⅣA期前）进行正畸治疗、不拔牙矫治、缩短矫治疗程,均可以减少正畸治疗中的牙根吸收。     

正畸治疗对根管治疗牙及对侧同名活髓牙根吸收影响的Meta分析

目的    分析正畸治疗对根管治疗牙及对侧同名活髓牙根吸收的影响。方法    计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Google Scholar、中国知网、万方等数据库,查找研究根管治疗牙经正畸治疗后牙根吸收情况的相关文献。应用Meta分析比较正畸治疗对根管治疗牙及对侧同名活髓牙根吸收的影响。结果    纳入了10篇相关文献。Meta分析结果发现,正畸治疗患者根管治疗牙根吸收情况与对侧同名活髓牙比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。在男性正畸治疗患者中,根管治疗牙牙根吸收量小于对侧同名活髓牙,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;而女性正畸治疗患者两侧牙根吸收量比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。正畸治疗方式（拔牙矫治与非拔牙矫治）和牙位（前牙与后牙）对正畸治疗患者根管治疗牙及对侧同名活髓牙根吸收的影响比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论    正畸治疗过程中移动根管治疗后的牙齿是一种相对安全的操作。     

恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂患者正畸治疗临床疗效研究

目的　通过测量恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者术后牙牙合、软硬组织的相关数据,观察正畸治疗对患者面型、牙弓及咬合关系的临床疗效。方法　选择10例UCLP恒牙晚期（15～17岁）术后患者,采用上颌慢速扩弓联合固定矫治,对治疗前、扩弓保持半年后X线头颅侧位片及扩弓治疗前、扩弓结束后、保持半年后牙牙合模型相关数据进行测量。采用配对t检验和配伍组设计资料的方差分析的统计方法,2组之间的两两比较用最小显著差(LSD)检验。结果　UCLP患者在正畸治疗后,X线头颅侧位片在软硬组织部分测量数据上有显著性变化(P<0.01),牙弓宽度在尖牙和前磨牙区有明显增加（P<0.01）,前磨牙区宽度的增加能稳定保持（P<0.05）。结论　 恒牙晚期UCLP术后患者经正畸治疗,骨骼、面部软硬组织及咬合关系均有较理想的治疗效果。     

正畸固定矫治后牙釉质脱矿及其危险因素分析

目的：调查正畸固定矫治后牙釉质脱矿的流行情况及其危险因素。方法：采用单纯随机抽样的方法,随机抽取武汉大学口腔医院正畸科2008年6~8月3个月内结束正畸固定矫治的202例患者,进行釉质脱矿检查和问卷调查,脱矿检查由一名检查者完成,将检查和问卷的相关结果进行分析比较。结果：202例正畸固定矫治结束的患者中釉质脱矿者117例,患病率为57.9%,性别上无显著性差异;每人平均有4.81颗牙齿发生釉质脱矿。下颌尖牙、上颌侧切牙、上颌尖牙釉质脱矿患病率高。根据问卷调查结果,Logistic回归分析,控制混杂因素后,年龄、正畸治疗中不良习惯的改变、正畸疗程、甜食的摄入频率引起牙釉质的脱矿OR分别为0.40、0.27、3.22、2.91（P〈0.05）。结论：正畸固定矫治后牙釉质脱矿是一个不容忽视的问题,应对正畸固定矫治患者尽早开展釉质脱矿的防治工作。     

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目的    评价上中切牙正畸治疗后根吸收状况,探讨影响根吸收的相关因素。方法    从大连大学附属口腔医院正畸科2名资深医生2007年5月至2009年12月所完成的正畸病例中,随机选择233例（男85例,女148例）。分为成人组90例,平均年龄（21.73 ± 3.68）岁;青少年组143例,平均年龄（13.37 ± 1.81）岁。通过分析治疗前后的头颅侧位片观察上中切牙牙根形态与长度变化,评价上中切牙根吸收状况。结果    233例患者中的13例上中切牙发生了不同程度的根吸收,根吸收发生率为5.58%。成人女性拔牙矫治组的上中切牙根吸收程度高于青少年女性拔牙矫治组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。青少年组中,女性拔牙矫治患者的根吸收程度较男性拔牙矫治患者明显,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。而是否拔牙,其上中切牙根吸收程度差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    女性拔牙矫治患者治疗后的上中切牙根吸收发生率较高。正畸根吸收原因复杂,治疗前应详细分析各种根吸收易发因素,以减小正畸根吸收的发生和程度,维持正畸牙齿的健康。     

正畸治疗结束女性患者微笑像主观评价相关因素分析

目的通过对治疗结束女性患者微笑像的主观评价,了解影响微笑美学主观评价的相关因素;探讨专业正畸医生与普通人对微笑美学的评价的一致性。方法14-27岁正畸治疗结束女性80名,Ⅰ类骨型、牙齿排列整齐,覆合覆盖正常,磨牙和尖牙关系均为I类关系。拔牙42例,非拔牙38例。收集面下三分之一微笑像,将全部图片随机编号,按照恒定的顺序排列后分发到评价人员手中,分别由10名有经验正畸医生和10名普通人对微笑像做主观评价（VAS）。结果专业正畸医生和普通人对微笑像的评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;拔牙组和非拔牙组微笑像的美学得分差异不显著。正畸医生与普通人微笑主观评价（VAS评分）与微笑指数呈正相关,与微笑高度、牙龈暴露程度、尖牙宽度比例、可见牙列宽度比例呈负相关。结论拔牙与非拔牙矫治本身对微笑美学主观评分的影响无显著差异,牙龈暴露程度是影响微笑美学主观评分的主要因素。     

正畸种植联合修复的临床病例分析

目的探讨缺失牙患者在种植修复前采用正畸治疗缺失牙间隙异常、咬合关系不良、骨量不调等问题的临床效果,以达到最佳的功能、美观要求。方法（1）制定并完善正畸、种植修复方案;（2）正畸矫治;（3）种植修复及完成。结果6例患者正畸种植修复后均达满意效果。结论正畸、种植联合修复不管是在专科医院由多科医生协调完成．还是在基层诊所由口腔全科医生一人完成均是可行的治疗方法。     

正畸矫治的长期稳定性

1944年MiloHellman医生曾经这样阐述“保持正畸治疗后的长期稳定性是非常困难的,至今为止对于导致矫治复发的因素尚不十分明了。”至上周为止我开业已经30年了,在此期间治疗过各种错袷畸形,正畸患者多达11,000人次,积累了大量宝贵的临床资料。我本人对正畸矫治后长期稳定性的研究表明,正畸矫治后可以保持其矫治效果的长期稳定性。     

拔除第一磨牙的正畸治疗临床分析

目的探讨正畸拔除第一磨牙矫治的临床疗效。方法试验组42例拔除第一恒磨牙（含既拔除磨牙,也拔除前磨牙）后进行正畸治疗;对照组42例常规拔除前磨牙后进行正畸治疗。所有患者均采用直丝弓矫治器矫治,比较2组的疗程和疗效。结果试验组平均疗程为（22±5.6）个月,对照组平均疗程为（20±8.9）个月,2组疗程差异无统计学意义（t=1.232,P〉0.05）。所有患者均取得较好疗效,牙根平行,磨牙达尖窝关系,前牙覆牙合、覆盖正常,软组织侧貌形态良好。结论拔除第一磨牙进行矫治,在精心设计、合理应用支抗的情况下,可取得理想的矫治效果。     

低年级大学生颞下颌关节紊乱病咬合异常因素的logistic回归分析

目的探讨低年级大学生咬合异常因素对颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)发病的影响,以期为TMD的防治提供病因学基础。方法对遵义医科大学珠海校区低年级学生754名(男性354名,女性400名)进行颞下颌关节检查、牙列与咬合关系检查、问卷调查,采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析与哑变量单因素非条件logistic回归分析咬合功能异常、错畸形以及口腔副功能运动等咬合异常因素与颞下颌关节紊乱病的关系。结果颞下颌关节紊乱病的患病率为31.7%,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示夜磨牙(OR=2.070)、日间紧咬牙(OR=2.553)、无意识空嚼(OR=2.642)和前牙覆关系(OR=1.228),与TMD的发病均有影响(P<0.05)。对不同程度前牙深覆设置哑变量采用单因素非条件logistic回归分析显示深覆程度越重,TMD的发病风险越高[轻度(OR=1.558)、中度(OR=2.189)、重度(OR=3.236),P<0.05]。结论前牙覆关系、夜磨牙、日间紧咬牙、无意识空嚼均是低年级大学生TMD发病的危险因素,前牙深覆程度越重,TMD发病风险越高。     

A case-control study of temporomandibular disorders: symptomatic disc displacement

This case-control study was designed to investigate the risk factors for disc displacement (DD) without myofascial pain (MFP). The study population included 59 cases with DD without MFP, selected in two hospital dental clinics, and 100 concurrent controls selected in one of these clinics. The association with DD was evaluated for bruxism, head-neck trauma, orthodontic treatment, and sociodemographic characteristics by using unconditional logistic regression. In the multivariate analysis, excluding psychological factors, an association was found between DD and clenching-grinding (OR=3.57; 95% CI: 1.27-9.98). This association persisted when anxiety (OR=3.07; 95% CI: 1.08-8.70) or depression (OR=4.02; 95% CI: 1.43-11.31) was included in the model. A positive association was noted between orthodontic treatment and DD (OR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.06-9.65). The effect between orthodontic treatment and DD remained and increased with the inclusion of anxiety (OR=3.65; 95% CI: 1.15-11.61) or depression (OR=3.20; 95% CI: 1.06-9.65). A high level of anxiety (OR=2.40; 95% CI: 1.01-5.73), was positively related to DD. We concluded that clenching combined with grinding, and orthodontic treatment are factors related to DD. The interpretation of these associations, however, requires caution because of the inclusion of prevalent cases.     

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??Objective    Study of fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization of related risk factors and treatment methods??for clinical provides the basis. Methods    February 2014 to 2016 years 3 months in the hospital for treatment of orthodontic fixed appliance treatment in patients with 116 cases??carries on the analysis to the treatment of patients with associated risk factors by self-made questionnaire??using SPSS 18.0 software to carry on the single factor and multi factor non conditional logistic regression analysis??analyzing of fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization related risk factors. Results    Fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization incidence rate and the gender difference was not statistically significant??P > 0.05????fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization rate and age??orthodontic treatment??frequency of tooth brushing??containing fluoride toothpaste??eating sweets and drinking carbonated drinks relationship closely??P < 0.05????fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization of non conditional logistic analysis showed that the fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization had a rate with age??poor diet and brushing and orthodontic treatment relationship closely??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    Fixed orthodontic treatment of enamel demineralization of many risk factors??should be based on risk factors to take active and effective measures to deal with and improve the clinical cure rate.     

Factors associated with orthodontists' assessment of difficulty

The difficulty of achieving an ideal or normal occlusion might lie in the pretreatment occlusion, patient-associated factors, and the treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that were related to the treating orthodontist's posttreatment categorization of a case as difficult or easy. Ten orthodontists each identified 10 easy cases and 10 difficult cases that they had treated. The initial malocclusion was measured with the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Patient and treatment information was obtained from the treatment records. Statistical analysis with parametric or nonparametric testing was performed. Difficult cases had greater severity and need before treatment and greater residual malocclusion and need after treatment. Difficult cases had more chart entries for problems with hygiene and compliance. They were more likely to have had extractions and changes in treatment plan. Difficult cases also required more appointments and a longer treatment duration. Three logistic regression models were developed based on malocclusion severity, patient characteristics, and treatment characteristics. The models support a correlation between greater pretreatment malocclusion severity, 1-phase treatment, and the designation as a difficult case. This study supports a model in which malocclusion severity and factors associated with the patient and the treatment contribute to an orthodontist's categorization of a case as easy or difficult.     

Periodontal therapy may reduce the risk of preterm low birth weight in women with periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PLBW). A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to help further evaluate the proposed association between periodontal disease and PLBW. METHODS: Four hundred pregnant women with periodontal disease, aged 18 to 35, were enrolled while receiving prenatal care in Santiago, Chile. Women were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 200), which received periodontal treatment before 28 weeks of gestation or to a control group (n = 200) which received periodontal treatment after delivery. Previous and current pregnancies and known risk factors were obtained from patient medical records and interviews. The primary outcome assessed was the delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation or an infant weighing less than 2,500 g. RESULTS: Of the 400 women enrolled, 49 were excluded from the analyses for different reasons. The incidence of PLBW in the treatment group was 1.84% (3/163) and in the control group was 10.11% (19/188), (odds ratio [OR] 5.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65 to 18.22, P= 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that periodontal disease was the strongest factor related to PLBW (OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.29 to 17.13). Other factors significantly associated with such deliveries were: previous PLBW (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.11 to 14.21), less than 6 prenatal visits (OR 3.70, 95% Cl 1.46 to 9.38), and maternal low weight gain (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.16 to 10.03). Conclusions: Periodontal disease appears to be an independent risk factor for PLBW. Periodontal therapy significantly reduces the rates of PLBW in this population of women with periodontal disease.     

Frequency of orthodontic treatment in German children and adolescents: influence of age, gender, and socio-economic status

Orthodontic treatment is a common dental procedure in developed countries. However, the frequency and factors associated with treatment demand are different between countries. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of orthodontic treatment in German children and adolescents and to analyse the influence of age, gender, and socio-economic status (SES; education and region) on the frequency of treatment. Subjects in a random population sample of 1538 German children and adolescents, aged 11-14 years, were interviewed at home in the autumn of 2008 regarding current orthodontic treatment and associated factors. Approximately one-third (33.5 per cent) of the subjects interviewed were undergoing orthodontic treatment at that time. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the likelihood of receiving orthodontic treatment was higher for girls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.65], for high school pupils (OR = 1.19, 95 per cent CI: 1.06-1.34), and for children and adolescents living in the western part of Germany (OR = 1.45, 95 per cent CI: 1.00-2.08) and increased with age (OR = 1.13 per year, 95 per cent CI: 1.02-1.25). Subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment more often received prophylactic measures (OR = 2.06, 95 per cent CI: 1.63-2.59) compared with those not currently receiving orthodontic treatment. The frequency of orthodontic treatment in Germany largely depends on gender and SES.     

口腔颌面部间隙感染患者预后不良的影响因素分析

目的 ：探讨口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的发生情况及相关影响因素,为其治疗和预防提供参考。方法 ：选择长沙市第四医院2011年1月—2020年6月收治的口腔颌面部间隙感染的患者为研究对象。通过医院信息管理系统（hospital information system,HIS）收集患者的临床资料,采用描述流行病学分析方法进行分析,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic线性回归方法对口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的相关影响因素进行分析。结果：共收集到249例口腔颌面部间隙感染患者的临床资料,其中32例出现不良结局,发生率为12.85%,其中发生相关严重并发症27例、放弃治疗3例、死亡2例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=0.563）、感染至就诊时间越长（OR=1.324）、累及间隙越多（OR=0.441）、呼吸困难（OR=1.715）、合并糖尿病（OR=2.261）、中性粒细胞计数>0.9×109/L(OR=1.505)、C-反应蛋白≥10 mg/mL(OR=2.231)是口腔颌面部间隙感染患者发生不良结局的危险因素。结论：口腔颌面部间隙感染患者不良结局的发生...     

Progression of periodontitis in a sample of regular and irregular compliers under maintenance therapy: a 3-year follow-up study

Background: To our knowledge, prospective studies (matched for sex, smoking, and diabetes) that investigated the influence of compliance in the progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs were not previously reported. Methods: A total of 58 regular complier (RC) and 58 erratic complier (EC) individuals were recruited from a prospective cohort with 238 patients under PMT and matched by sex, diabetes, and smoking habits. A full‐mouth periodontal examination that included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PDs), clinical attachment levels, and number of teeth were determined at all PMT visits during a 3‐year interval. The influence of variables of interest was tested through multivariate logistic regression. Results: The progression of periodontitis and tooth loss was significantly lower among RC compared to EC patients. A higher progression of periodontitis was observed among EC patients who smoked. The final logistic model for the progression of periodontitis in the RC group included smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 4.2) and >30% of sites with BOP (OR: 2.8), and the final logistic model for the progression of periodontitis in the EC group included smoking (OR: 7.3), >30% of sites with BOP (OR: 3.2), PDs of 4 to 6 mm in 10% of sites (OR: 3.5), diabetes (OR: 1.9), and number of lost teeth (OR: 3.1). Conclusions: RC patients presented a lower progression of periodontitis and tooth loss compared to EC patients. This result highlighted the influence of the pattern of compliance in maintaining a good periodontal status. Moreover, important risk variables such as smoking and diabetes influenced the periodontal status and should be considered when determining the risk profile and interval time for PMT visits.     

The impact of orthodontic treatment on the quality of life in adolescents: a case-control study

The aim of this case-controlled study was to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on the quality of life of Brazilian adolescents. Two hundred and seventy-nine 'cases' (106 males and 173 females) and 558 controls (246 males and 312 females) were randomly selected from 15- to 16-year-old adolescents attending all secondary schools in Bauru, S?o Paulo, Brazil. A case was defined as having at least one condition-specific impact (CSI) attributed to malocclusion during the previous 6 months, based on the Oral Impact on Daily Performances index. Conversely, a control was defined as having no CSI attributed to malocclusion during the same period. Adolescents were also clinically examined for orthodontic treatment need using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and asked about previous orthodontic treatment. Binary logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Females and adolescents with a definite normative orthodontic treatment need were more likely to report CSI than males and adolescents with no normative need [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-2.02 and OR = 2.02, 95 per cent CI = 2.09-4.47, respectively], whereas adolescents with a history of orthodontic treatment were less likely to report CSI than their counterparts (OR = 0.15, 95 per cent CI = 0.07-0.31). Furthermore, there was an interaction between a history of orthodontic treatment and the current level of normative need. Brazilian adolescents with a history of orthodontic treatment were less likely to have physical, psychological, and social impacts on their daily performances associated with malocclusion than those with no history of orthodontics. Gender was a confounding factor, whereas current level of normative orthodontic treatment need was an effect modifier. Prospective studies are needed to corroborate the present findings.     

Prevalence of persistent pain after endodontic treatment and factors affecting its occurrence in cases with complete radiographic healing

AIMS: To (i) determine the prevalence of persistent dento-alveolar pain following nonsurgical and/or surgical endodontic treatment conducted in a teaching dental hospital and (ii) identify the risk factors associated with persistent pain after apparently successful root canal treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 175 patients/teeth were reviewed 12-59 months following treatment. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically and a detailed pain history obtained. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between potential risk factors and persistent pain after successful endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of persistent pain after successful root canal treatment was 12% (21/175). Treatment success was determined by the absence of clinical and radiographic signs of dental disease. The factors that were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with persistent pain following endodontic treatment were: 'duration of preoperative pain' [odds ratio (OR) = 8.6], 'preoperative pain from the tooth' (OR = 7.8), 'preoperative tenderness to percussion' (OR = 7.8), 'previous chronic pain problems' (OR = 4.5), 'gender' (OR = 4.5) and 'history of painful treatment in the orofacial region' (OR = 3.8). 'Type of treatment received (surgical or nonsurgical treatment)' showed borderline significance at the 10% level. CONCLUSIONS: The presence and duration of preoperative pain from the tooth site, lasting at least 3 months, a positive history of previous chronic pain experience or painful treatment in the orofacial region, and female gender were important risk factors associated with persistent pain after successful endodontic treatment.