研究生应对方式与心理健康的相关研究

目的探讨研究生的应对方式与心理健康之间的关系,为开展对研究生的人格健康教育提供依据。方法采用《应付方式问卷》和《症状自评量表(SCL-90)》对200名研究生进行团体施测。结果研究生对各种应对方式的使用程度依次是解决问题、幻想、自责、合理化、退避和求助。研究生解决问题和求助的应对方式与SCL-90的各因子均呈现负相关,而自责、幻想、退避和合理化与SCL-90的各因子均呈现显著正相关。结论研究生的应对方式与心理健康存在着密切的关系。     

研究生应对方式与心理健康的相关研究

目的探讨研究生的应对方式与心理健康之间的关系,为开展对研究生的人格健康教育提供依据。方法采用《应付方式问卷》和《症状自评量表（SCL-90）》对200名研究生进行团体施测。结果研究生对各种应对方式的使用程度依次是解决问题、幻想、自责、合理化、退避和求助。研究生解决问题和求助的应对方式与SCL-90的各因子均呈现负相关,而自责、幻想、退避和合理化与SCL-90的各因子均呈现显著正相关。结论研究生的应对方式与心理健康存在着密切的关系。     

海军院校学员应付方式及其与SCL-90的相关分析

目的探讨军校学员应付方式状况及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用应付方式量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对3所海军军校516名学员进行施测,并进行相关分析。结果应付方式因子分中,学员得分最高的是解决问题,其后依次为求助、幻想、退避、合理化、自责;各年级间应付方式比较差异无显著性;军事指挥专业学员的解决问题、军队政工和军事技术专业学员的退避因子分与军事后勤专业学员比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);自责、解决问题、退避和幻想与SCL-90总分有相关性,相关系数(r)分别为0.608、-0.419、0.233和0.225(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论开展应对技能、技巧的训练和教育应成为军校心理健康教育的重要内容。     

421名新兵心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的评估某部新兵的心理健康状况及其与相关因素的关系,为新兵心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)、应对方式问卷(Coping Style Questionnaire,CSQ)、状态-特质量表(StateTrait Anxiety Inventory,STAI)、自尊量表(Self-Esteem Scale,SES)对2013年首次夏秋季入伍421名新兵进行团体测定。结果独生子女新兵躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他因子及总分高于非独生子女新兵(P0.05);来自城市的新兵躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、其他因子及总分高于来自农村的新兵(P0.05);SCL-90低分组在解决问题、求助、自尊方面得分高于高分组,在自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑方面得分低于高分组(P0.01);新兵SCL-90总分及各因子与解决问题、求助、自尊呈负相关,与自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈正相关(P0.01);逐步回归分析表明影响心理健康状况的因素大小依次是状态焦虑、自责、幻想、特质焦虑、合理化。结论非独生子女和来自农村的新兵心理健康状况相对较好,不同心理健康状况新兵之间在应对方式、状态-特质焦虑、自尊方面有差别,新兵心理健康状况受应对方式、状态-特质焦虑的影响。     

大学生应付方式与心理健康关系的探讨

目的 探讨大学生常用的应付方式及其与心理健康的关系,为应付技巧的学习和治疗性干预提供依据.方法 对江西省某高校2004级大学生4 834人使用一般调查问卷、应付方式问卷和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行调查并作比较分析、相关分析及多元回归分析.结果 男生自责、求助、幻想因子分显著低于女生,合理化因子分显著高于女生;独生子女自责应付方式因子分显著低于、求助因子分显著高于非独生子女;SCL-90总分与解决问题、求助应付方式因子分存在极为显著的负相关,与自责、幻想、退避及合理化因子分呈极为显著的正相关;自责因子分预测SCL-90总分占最大的成分,其次是幻想.结论 心理健康水平较高的大学生倾向于使用“解决问题求助”,即成熟型应付方式;心理健康水平较低的大学生倾向于使用“退避-自责”,即不成熟型或“合理化”,即混合型应付方式.     

军人应对方式影响因素调查

目的探讨军人应对方式的影响因素。方法分层整群随机抽取某部军人10 300名,以不同中队为单位集中进行应付方式量表、社会支持评定量表、症状自评量表测试。结果心理异常者除解决问题因子外,应对方式的其余5个因子得分均高于心理健康者。年龄较大,级别较高,文化程度在大专以上的军人主要采用解决问题应对方式,而较少采用不成熟型应对方式。心理卫生状况与解决问题应对方式呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与自责、求助、幻想、退避、合理化5个因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。社会支持与解决问题、求助成熟型应对方式呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与其余4个因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论心理卫生状况、社会支持水平影响军人应对方式的选择,且不同年龄、不同级别以及不同文化程度军人其应对方式存在差异。     

综合性医院护士心理健康状况与应付方式相关性研究

[目的]探讨临床一线护理人员的心理健康状况和面对应激采取的应付方式. [方法]对1 100名护理人员进行一般资料、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式3部分问卷调查,调查数据被检错后采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行统计分析. [结果]SCL-90:恐怖因子分显著高于常模(P<0.001),精神病性因子分高于常模(P<0.05);应付方式:解决问题、求助、合理化、幻想、退避5个分量表分显著高于常模(P<0.001),自责分显著低于常模(P<0.001);相关性:SCL-90各项因子均分与解决问题分、求助分呈负相关,与自责分、幻想分、退避分、合理化分呈正相关.[结论]临床一线护士心理正常情况下多能采用积极的应付方式,但在一定心理不适情况下求助愿望偏低,易采用消极的应付方式.管理者应帮助护士减轻工作压力,鼓励护士采取积极的应对方式以促进身心健康.     

高级职业护理学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解高级职业（简称高职）护理学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用SCL-90、生活事件量表、应对方式问卷对漳州医学护理职业学院270名学生进行了问卷调查,对262份有效问卷进行分析。结果①影响护理学生心理健康的生活事件主要是人际关系问题、学习压力;②护理学生生活事件的各因子和应对方式的自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子与SCL-90之间有较高正相关,解决问题和求助的应对方式分别与SCL-90之间呈显著负相关和负相关;③多元逐步回归分析表明,人际关系和学习压力的生活事件因子与幻想、自责、解决问题、健康适应的应对因子对高职护理学生心理健康影响最大。结论生活事件与心理健康之间存在因果关系,应对方式是生活事件与心理健康的中介变量。     

急诊科护士工作压力、应对方式与心理健康状况调查

[目的]了解急诊科护士的工作压力、应对方式、心理健康状况及其相互之间的关系。[方法]采用护士工作压力源量表、应对方式问卷和症状自评量表对石河子大学4所附属医院的急诊科护士采取整群抽样的方法发放调查问卷,进行测试、分析。[结果]①急诊科护士的工作压力在中等偏上水平,高于临床内外科护士。其最多选择的应对方式是解决问题,其后依次为求助、退避、幻想、合理化、自责。急诊科护士SCL-90各因子得分高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义。②急诊科护士心理健康状况与护士感受到的压力呈正相关;采用解决问题应对方式与SCL-90得分呈负相关;采用自责、幻想、退避、合理化应对方式与SCL-90得分呈正相关。③用多元线性逐步回归分析,自责应对方式、工作压力总均分、退避应对方式3个因素进入了SCL-90总分的线性回归方程。[结论]急诊科护士的心理健康状况低于一般人群,感受到工作压力大的护士心理健康状况较差。采用成熟的应对方式有利于护士的心理健康。急诊科护士工作压力的大小以及采用自责、退避应对方式对急诊科护士的心理健康影响最大,且对急诊科护士的心理健康状况有一定的预测作用。     

农民工应对方式与心理健康的特点及其关系

目的探讨重庆市农民工应对方式与心理健康的特点及其关系,为农民工的心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表和应对方式问卷对在重庆工作的366名农民工进行调查。结果 (1)农民工心理问题检出率为23.2%,女性高于男性(χ2=8.472,P=0.004),不同行业的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.886,P=0.008)。(2)农民工SCL-90测验在躯体化、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子上得分明显高于常模。(3)农民工最常采用的应对方式是解决问题,其次是求助,最少采用的是自责。解决问题的应对方式与SCL-90总分呈负相关,自责、退避、幻想、合理化与SCL-90总分呈正相关。(4)自责、解决问题、退避和幻想的应对方式对农民工的心理健康起主要预测作用。结论应对方式对心理健康有很好的预测作用,可通过培养积极的应对方式来提高农民工群体的心理健康水平。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.