前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性相关危险因素及处理方案的研究进展

切缘阳性是前列腺癌根治术后的常见问题,长期以来术后切缘阳性率是判断手术质量及患者预后、制定术后辅助治疗方案的重要指标之一.切缘阳性是预后不良的重要预测因素.切缘阳性意味着前列腺癌组织很可能未被完整切除,患者出现生化复发乃至临床进展的可能性大大增加.影响切缘阳性的相关危险因素有很多,包括肿瘤体积大小、肿瘤分期、病理分级、...     

前列腺癌根治切除术后阳性手术切缘的预测

前列腺癌根治术后出现阳性手术切缘（ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｓｕｒｇｉｃａｌ ｍａｒｇｉｎｓ ＰＳＭ） 的机会相对较多，而ＰＳＭ患者多预后不良。认识ＰＳＭ 的影响因素，可预防前列腺切除术后ＰＳＭ 的发生。本文对ＰＳＭ的影响因素作一简要综述。     

耻骨后前列腺癌根治术进展

耻骨后前列腺癌根治术（radical retropubic Drostatectomy，RRP）是局限性前列腺癌的标准治疗方式之一，术中出血、术后尿失禁、勃起功能障碍（ED）等是影响手术质量的关键问题。近年来，国内外学者不断探索研究，以提高手术的治愈率，降低手术并发症。现将与手术有关的最新进展综述如下。     

高危前列腺癌腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术后切缘阳性的危险因素

目的:探讨高危前列腺癌患者腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术(LRP)后手术切缘阳性(PSM)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年7月行LRP的202例高危前列腺癌患者的病例资料,其中北京朝阳医院111例,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院91例。年龄(67.7±6.5)岁,体质指数(25.65±3.21)kg/m ...     

前列腺癌患者根治术后尿失禁的预防

目的探讨保护尿道膜部括约肌和神经血管束及重建膀胱颈部对前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的预防作用。方法对32例前列腺癌采用保护尿道膜部括约肌和前列腺旁神经血管束,并在重建膀胱颈部黏膜充分外翻后的后壁行折叠缝合1针的方法,进行前列腺癌根治术,观察术后尿失禁发生情况。结果经6～72个月随访,全部患者排尿通畅,无肿瘤复发,除2例发生轻度尿失禁外,其余30例在6个月内均恢复尿控能力。结论保护尿道膜部括约肌和前列腺旁神经血管束,在充分外翻膀胱黏膜的重建膀胱颈后壁折叠缝合,能减少前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁的发生。     

前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的危险因素及处理对策

<正>前列腺癌是常见的男性泌尿生殖系统肿瘤。据统计,2009年美国有192280例前列腺癌新发病例,其中死亡病例为27360例,为美国男性恶性肿瘤发病率第一位,死亡率第二位[1]。随着人口老龄化等因素,我国前     

前列腺癌根治术对盆腔淋巴结阳性的前列腺癌患者预后的意义

前列腺癌是欧美男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国的发病率也呈逐年上升趋势。在治疗方面,传统上对于绝大部分发生盆腔淋巴结转移的病例都不采取根治性前列腺切除术,而改用内分泌治疗及放、化疗等方法。目前对于这一处理方案,临床上已经有了不少争议。本文就盆腔淋巴结转移的预测因素、淋巴结清扫范围对诊疗的影响、前列腺癌根治术对于临床局限期患者预后的作用等问题作一综述。     

前列腺癌根治术进展

对于大多数局限性前列腺癌来说，施行根治术是一种重要的外科治疗手段，然而，手术可能引起性功能障碍或尿失禁。影响生活质量，近年来手术操作技术不断改良和完善。本文对近年来手术最新进展作一综述。     

前列腺癌根治术进展

对于大多数局限性前列腺癌来说 ,施行根治术是一种重要的外科治疗手段 ,然而 ,手术可能引起性功能障碍或尿失禁 ,影响生活质量 ,近年来手术操作技术不断改良和完善。本文对近年来手术最新进展作一综述。     

前列腺癌切缘阳性风险列线图的建立和验证

目的:建立预测前列腺癌术后切缘阳性结果的列线图模型,并进行相应的验证,为预测术后切缘阳性的风险提供依据。方法:纳入PC-follow数据库中北京医院、北京大学第一医院、北京大学第三医院、海军军医大学第一附属医院、西安交通大学第一附属医院2015—2018年收治的2215例前列腺癌患者的病例资料,年龄67.3(33~88)岁。PSA(45.2±18.9)ng/ml。前列腺穿刺活检针数6~32针,穿刺阳性针数百分比4%~100%,穿刺活检病理Gleason评分6~10分。采用单纯随机抽样法将患者分为建模组和验证组。建模组1770例,年龄65.5(33~88)岁,PSA(48.2±12.4)(0.01~99.4)ng/ml。验证组445例,年龄68.6(47~82)岁,PSA(43.7±14.8)(0.01~87.2)ng/ml。对两组患者年龄(<60岁,60~70岁,>70岁)、PSA(<4 ng/ml,4~10 ng/ml,11~20 ng/ml,>20 ng/ml)、盆腔MRI检查结果(阴性,可疑,阳性)、肿瘤临床分期(T 1~T 2期,≥T 3期)、穿刺阳性针数百分比(≤33%,34%~66%,>66%)、穿刺活检病理Gleason评分(≤6分,7分,≥8分)进行单因素和多因素logistic分析,筛选有意义的指标构建预测前列腺癌术后切缘阳性结果的列线图模型。在验证组对该模型进行验证,并与构成列线图的单一因素的预测效果进行比较。结果:单因素分析结果显示,术前PSA水平、盆腔MRI检查结果、穿刺针数阳性率、穿刺病理Gleason评分与术后切缘阳性率有相关性(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,术前PSA水平(OR=2.046,95%CI 1.022~4.251,P=0.009)、穿刺阳性针数百分比(OR=1.502,95%CI 1.136~1.978,P=0.002)、穿刺病理Gleason评分(OR=1.568,95%CI 1.063~2.313,P=0.028)、盆腔MRI检查结果(OR=1.525,95%CI 1.160~2.005,P=0.033)为前列腺癌术后切缘阳性的独立预测指标,根据上述指标建立列线图模型。列线图模型预测验证组切缘阳性的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积为0.776,而以术前PSA水平、穿刺阳性针数百分比、穿刺病理Gleason评分、盆腔MRI检查结果、术后病理Gleason评分等单一因素预测验证组切缘阳性的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.554、0.615、0.556、0.522和0.560,列线图模型与单一指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:构建的列线图模型较单独应用术前PSA水平、穿刺阳性针数百分比、穿刺病理Gleason评分、盆腔MRI检查结果、术后病理Gleason评分在预测前列腺癌术后切缘阳性方面具有更高的诊断价值。     

Close surgical margins after radical prostatectomy mimic biochemical recurrence rates of positive margins

IntroductionThe significance of a “close” but negative surgical margin after radical prostatectomy (RP) is controversial. We evaluated the effect of a close surgical margin (CSM) on biochemical recurrence (BCR) compared to a negative margin after RP.Materials and methodsPathologic records of men who underwent RP from 2005-2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Margin status was classified as “positive” (PSM), “negative” (NSM), or “close” (<1 mm from margin). BCR was defined as 2 consecutive postoperative prostate specific antigen measurements >0.2 ng/ml. Probability of BCR was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and stratified by margin status. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine whether close margin status was associated with an increased rate of BCR.ResultsA total of 609 consecutive patients underwent RP (93% robotic) and had complete pathologic data. A total of 126 (20.7%) had PSM, 453 (74.4%) had NSM, and 30 (4.9%) had CSM (mean<0.44 mm). The 3-year BCR-free survival for patients with CSM was similar to those with PSM (70.4% vs. 74.5%, log rank P = 0.66) and significantly worse than those with NSM (90%, log rank P<0.001). On multivariable regression, positive margin status (HR = 3.26, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a higher risk of BCR, along with close margins (HR = 2.7, P = 0.04).ConclusionsBCR for patients with CSM at RP is tantamount to PSM patients. CSM <1 mm should be explicitly noted on pathology reports. Patients with this finding should be followed up closely and offered adjuvant therapy.     

Site of positive surgical margins influences biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether the number and location of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimens affect biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The locations of PSMs were recorded for 1308 consecutive men who underwent RP between October 2000 and December 2006. BCR was defined as three consecutive prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level rises with the peak level ≥0.15 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative predictors of PSMs and BCR. The estimated 5‐year risk of BCR was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

RESULTS

In all, 128 (9.8%) men had one or more PSMs. The mean body mass index, mean preoperative serum PSA level, the distributions of clinical stage and biopsy Gleason scores, and the presence or absence of biopsy perineural invasion were significantly different between men with or with no PSMs. In multivariate analysis, baseline serum PSA level, Gleason score and perineural invasion were independent preoperative predictors of PSMs. The 5‐year actuarial BCR rates were dependent on the site of the PSM (P = 0.035) and not the number of PSMs (P = 0.18). The rank order of estimated 5‐year BCR rates according to the site of PSMs were base > anterior > posterolateral > apex ≈ posterior.

CONCLUSIONS

About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR.     

Adjuvant hormone therapy in patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND: We carried out a retrospective study comparing radical prostatectomy plus adjuvant hormone therapy with radical prostatectomy plus surveillance in patients with positive surgical margins to evaluate whether adjuvant hormone therapy is beneficial for disease free survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Twenty-six patients received adjuvant hormone therapy. Thirty-nine patients underwent surveillance with salvage hormone therapy at PSA failure. None of these 65 received androgen deprivation prior to surgery. Treatment outcomes were measured in terms of progression free survival. RESULTS: Five year clinical progression free survival rates for the patients with positive surgical margins in the adjuvant therapy group and surveillance group were 85.9% and 80.0% respectively (p = 0.85). Clinical progression free survival between the groups was not statistically different in terms of seminal vesicle involvement and tumor grade. The difference of clinical progression free survival between the two groups approached statistical significance in poorly differentiated tumor (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that adjuvant hormone therapy is not beneficial in terms of progression free survival in patients with positive surgical margins. Nevertheless, adjuvant hormone therapy could be beneficial in patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer.     

Prognostic relevance of number and bilaterality of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy

Purpose  

Positive surgical margin (PSM) status following radical prostatectomy (RP) is a well-established prognostic factor. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether number of PSMs or bilaterality of PSMs might have prognostic significance for biochemical recurrence (BCR) in the population with a PSM status following RP.