活体部分小肠移植治疗短肠综合征并肠瘘1例的临床经验

目的 总结活体部分小肠移植在治疗短肠综合征合并肠瘘中的临床经验.方法 1例短肠综合征合并肠瘘患者接受其子的150 cm 回肠,供肠动、静脉分别与受体的腹主动脉和下腔静脉行端侧吻合,受体残余空肠与供体回肠近端行端端吻合,受体结肠与供肠远端行端侧吻合,供肠远端造瘘作为观察窗,术后给予免疫抑制等治疗. 结果患者小肠移植术后恢复顺利,肠道功能恢复,血管吻合口通畅,正常生活110 d后因心脏意外死亡.结论 短肠综合征合并肠瘘患者实施活体部分小肠移植是可行的,植入肠管的血管植入技术对小肠移植成功非常重要.     

活体部分小肠移植一例报告

目的 对临床活体部分小肠移植进行总结。方法 为1例患超短肠综合的18岁男必患者施行父亲供肠的活体部分小肠移植术,移植肠段为150cm长之回肠,以UW液灌洗。移植肠动、静脉分别与受者的腹主动脉及下腔静脉端侧吻合,移植肠近端与受者的空肠近端行端端吻合,远端与受者的空肠远端行侧端吻合,末端造口。术后给予抗排斥、抗感染、抗凝及营养支持等治疗。结果 术后曾出现贫血、单纯疱疹病毒感染和 急性排斥反应,经积极处理行到控制目前患者已健康存活14月余。结论 活体部分小肠移植是治疗短肠综合征的一理想方法。     

活体小肠移植术后急性排斥1例报道

小肠移植是治疗晚期肠功能衰竭综合征的有效方法。在移植肠的植入技术上,对存在肠瘘的患者能否如期手术,存有争议[1]。我院于2005年9月25日成功地实施了1例亲属提供部分小肠和受者短肠综合征合并高位肠瘘的小肠移植手术,术后存活110d。1临床资料患者,男,57岁,2005年5月20日在当地医院诊断为肠系膜上动脉栓塞而行全小肠及右半结肠切除,空肠残端横结肠吻合,1周后因吻合口漏引发腹腔感染转入我院。全消化道钡餐示残余屈氏韧带下空肠20cm,存留腹腔左半结肠和直肠。肠系膜上动脉造影除小肠短缩,可见肠系膜上动脉主干残端。腹腔CT检查无其他异常…     

活体部分小肠移植供受体围手术期的处理

目的 报告国内首例活体部分小肠移植的手术经过和围手术期处理。方法 受者为男性直肠癌术后１８岁,因短肠综合征而接受小肠移植。供体,男性,４４岁,为受体之父。取供体回肠末段１５０ｃｍ,移植肠血管与肾上腹主动脉,下腔静脉吻合,移植肠近端与受体残留空肠的端行端端吻合,移植肠无端与受体残留空肠远端行侧端吻合,移植肠末端造口作为观察窗。免疫抑制方案为ＦＫ５０６、骁悉、甲基强的松龙联合用药。结果 受者术后已健康     

临床活体部分小肠移植术的血管处理技术

目的　报告我国首例活体小肠移植术的血管处理技术。方法　为 1例 18岁的男性超短肠综合症患者施行了活体部分小肠移植术 ,供肠来自患者的父亲 ,切取供体回肠 15 0cm ,UW液灌洗血管。将移植肠动、静脉分别与受体腹主动脉及下腔静脉端侧吻合。移植肠近端与受体空肠近端行端端吻合 ,移植肠远端与受体空肠远端行侧端吻合 ,末端造口。术后给予抗排斥 ,抗感染 ,抗凝及营养支持等治疗。结果　术后曾出现贫血 ,单纯疱疹感染和急性排斥反应 ,经积极处理得到控制 ,目前患者健康 ,生存 11月余。结论　活体小肠移植术中处理好供、受体的血管对手术成功至关重要。     

临床同种活体部分小肠移植：附1例报告

目的：探讨临床同种活体小肠移植治疗短肠综合征的效果。方法：对1例因小肠扭转而切除大部分小肠和右半结肠，残留小肠仅20cm的超短肠综合征男性患者，行亲属活体同种部分小肠移植。供体为患者之母。受体术前行供体特异性输血，50mL/周，共8周。供受体巨细胞病毒感染状态均为阴性。移植肠长约160cm。移植肠的回结肠动静脉分别与受体肾下腹主动脉和下腔静脉端侧吻合，移植肠末端造口。术后给予抗排斥、抗感染、抗凝及营养支持治疗。结果：供体术后恢复顺利，无并发症。受体已健康存活31周，无感染和排斥反应。术后8周脱离肠外营养治疗，口服低脂饮食，D－木糖吸收试验结果接近正常。结论：同种活体部分小肠移植是治疗短肠综合征的有效措施。     

亲属活体小肠移植后急性排斥反应的监测与治疗一例

目的探讨亲属活体小肠移植后急性排斥反应的监测与治疗。方法对1例短肠综合征患者施行亲属活体小肠移植，手术分两期进行。供者为患者的母亲，供、受者HLA有4个抗原相符。移植肠段长120cm，一期手术时供、受者肠道不进行吻合，移植肠两端在腹壁造口，一期手术后188d，再行二期手术，分别将受者残存小肠的近端、远端与移植肠袢的近端、远端作端侧吻合。术后观察移植小肠引流液的性状，定期内镜观察，并行移植肠组织学检查。采用他克莫司、霉酚酸酯及甲泼尼龙预防排斥反应，并予两剂达利珠单抗诱导。结果受者两次手术均顺利。一期手术后37d出现急性排斥反应，给予皮质激素冲击治疗9d，未能逆转，后改为莫罗单抗-CD3治疗8d后逆转。术后121d，肠镜及组织学检查证实移植肠修复良好，小肠绒毛形态及结构基本正常，D-木糖吸收试验提示移植肠吸收功能改善。现患者已存活213d，体重增加4．5kg，进半流质饮食，生活自理。结论小肠移植后可采取肠镜和组织学检查，并结合临床表现来综合判断排斥反应。发生急性排斥反应时，及时予以激素冲击治疗，无效时可用莫罗单抗-CD3。     

新型早产猪短肠综合征模型的建立

目的探讨新的早产猪短肠综合征模型的建立方法。方法将32头早产猪按随机号码表法分成空肠回肠吻合组、空肠结肠吻合组、假手术组及空白对照组4组,每组8头小猪。空肠回肠吻合组:切除75%的小肠,保留近端空肠(占总小肠长度的10%)和远端回肠(占总小肠长度的15%),并行空肠回肠吻合;空肠结肠吻合组:切除75%的小肠,包括远端空肠(占总小肠长度的25%)、全部回肠(占总小肠长度的50%)、回盲瓣和回盲瓣以远5 cm的结肠,保留近端空肠(占总小肠长度的25%),行空肠结肠吻合;假手术组:在距回盲瓣以近25 cm处行回肠完全横断并重新吻合;空白对照组:未行手术。比较4组小猪的术后第1次排便时间、腹泻时间、PN时间、小肠长度、小肠重量、结肠重量、空肠绒毛高度和陷窝深度以及回肠绒毛高度和陷窝深度。结果与假手术组和空白对照组比较,空肠回肠吻合组及空肠结肠吻合组术后21 d的空肠和回肠绒毛高度及陷窝深度均较长(P0.050),显示了充足的肠适应的解剖学证据;但空肠结肠吻合组术后依赖PN时间较空肠回肠吻合组长(P0.050),且术后21 d时,空肠结肠吻合组的小肠长度、重量以及结肠的重量均较空肠回肠吻合组低(P0.050),提示空肠结肠吻合组小肠的肠适应能力较空肠回肠吻合组低。结论空肠回肠吻合和空肠结肠吻合法建立早产猪短肠综合征模型有着不同的肠适应程度和生长情况,可用于短肠综合征的实验研究,其中以空肠回肠吻合法较为理想。     

活体小肠移植术后急性排斥1例报道

小肠移植是治疗晚期肠功能衰竭综合征的有效方法。在移植肠的植入技术上，对存在肠瘘的患者能否如期手术，存有争议。我院于2005年9月25日成功地实施了1例亲属提供部分小肠和受者短肠综合征合并高位肠瘘的4、肠移植手术，术后存活110d。     

小肠移植术后肠梗阻一例

我们于 2 0 0 0年 10月 15日施行了 1例采用肠系膜上动脉作为供血途径、肠系膜上静脉作为血液回流途径的小肠移植 ,但术后出现了肠梗阻 ,继而出现肠瘘 ,最终导致败血症。现报道如下。一、临床资料患者为男性 ,6 1岁 ,身高 1.72cm ,体重 6 0kg ,血型为A型。 12年前因肠系膜上动脉血栓形成行小肠切除 ,仅存4 0cm回肠。术后长期反复腹泻、腹痛 ,确诊为短肠综合征。供者为受者的儿子 ,34岁 ,身高 1.70cm ,体重 70kg,血型为O型。切取供者回肠末段 14 0cm ,供肠热缺血时间小于 1min。分离受者粘连的小肠 ,游离显露残留的肠系膜上动脉和肠系膜上静…     

亲缘性活体部分小肠移植术

目的 介绍我国首例亲缘性活体部分小肠移植术的临床处理体会。方法 受体为男性,18岁,因短肠综合征而接受小肠移植。供体,男性,44岁,为受体之父。取供体回肠末段150cm,移植给患者,术后给予抗免疫排斥、抗感染、抗凝及营养支持等治疗。结果 目前,患者已健康生存19个月,移植肠功能恢复良好。结论 亲缘性活体部分小肠移植术是治疗短肠综合征的有效手段,良好的术后管理是确保活体小肠移植手术成功的关键。     

血缘性活体部分小肠移植术二例

目的 探讨血缘性活性小肠移植治疗短肠综合征的效果。方法 对2例短肠综合征患者切取有血缘关系的供肠行部分小肠移植术,1例18岁,男性,供体为患者的父亲,供肠150cm。另1例15岁,男性供体为患者的母亲,供肠160cm。移植肠动、静脉分别与受者的腹主动脉及下腔静脉行端侧吻合,移植肠一期消化道重建,末端造口,术后给予抗排异、抗感染、抗凝血及营养支持等治疗。结果 第1例患者术后曾出现贫血、急性排异反应,经积极处理得到控制,目前已存活26个月,肠道吸收功能正常,自由经口进食,能参加日常工作,第2例患者术后26d发生排异反应,顷冲击治疗好转,术后80d再次发生重度排异反应,经甲基强的松龙冲击无效,改为单克隆抗淋巴细胞抗体、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白冲击治疗,排异反应虽有好转,但发生不可控制的感染。抢救无效死亡。生存5个月。结论 具有血缘关系的活体部分小肠移植是治疗短肠综合征的一种方法。     

简化的大鼠异位全小肠移植术

目的:建立简化的大鼠异位全小肠移植术技术,以提高手术成功率,为相关研究奠定基础.方法:供、受体均为雄性近交系Wistar大鼠,共180只,配对手术.采用供肠的肠系膜上动脉与受体肾下腹主动脉端侧吻合、门静脉与受体左肾静脉套管法端端吻合重建移植小肠血供,移植小肠远端腹壁造口.结果:手术耗时130min,移植小肠热缺血时间约30min.90只受全大鼠术扣即时存活率为100%,长期存活率(＞7d)为95.6%.结论:简化术式具有操作简便,移植小肠的热缺血时间短,手术成功率高等优点,有利于后续研究工作的开展.     

Treatment of short gut syndrome with early living related small bowel transplantation

AIM: To investigate the results of treating short bowel syndrome with an early living related small bowel transplantation (SBT). METHODS: A 17-year-old boy with a 20-cm-long residual intestine due to necrotic volvulus received an early living related SBT from his mother. Donor-specific blood transfusion was performed for 8 weeks before transplantation, each time for 50 mL every week. Cytomegalovirus status in both donor and recipient was negative. A 160-cm distal ileal segment was removed from the donor. The graft ilecolic artery and vein were anastomosed to the recipient's infrarenal aorta and caval vein. The proximal end of the graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the residual recipient jejunum; the distal anastomosis, between the distal end of the graft and transverse colon. An ileostomy was also performed. Immunosuppression, infection prophylaxis, and antithrombotic and nutrition support were given postoperatively. RESULTS: The donor had an uneventful recovery. No technical complications were observed. The recipient was alive and well at 31 weeks after the operation. No graft rejection or infection was observed. He was off TPN 8 weeks after the operation and took low-fat food. The D-xylose test in the recipient was almost normal. CONCLUSIONS: Early living related small intestine transplantation is a good treatment for short bowel syndrome.     

Multivisceral harvest with in vivo technique: methods and results

Multivisceral transplants are gaining acceptance worldwide for patients with chronic gastrointestinal failure with or without irreversible total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-related liver failure. We describe our experience with nine multivisceral harvests reporting our in vivo technique. Multivisceral grafts included stomach, duodenum, pancreas, small bowel, and part of large intestine with or without the liver. After a careful evaluation of the liver and the bowel, we isolated the superior mesenteric artery origin. Then we identified the distal part of the graft isolating the middle colic vein and stapling the transverse colon to its left. After esophagus isolation and stapling, we mobilized the graft, starting from the spleen to the pancreaticoduodenal block, near the celiac trunk. After cross-clamping and cold perfusion, we created an aortic patch including the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk as a multivisceral harvest without the liver. A total hepatectomy is added for a liver multivisceral graft. We harvested four multivisceral grafts without the liver and five multivisceral grafts with the liver. We performed seven multivisceral transplants on adult recipients, four without the liver and three with the liver, as well as two liver and one isolated small bowel transplants. Postreperfusion hemostasis was always satisfactory with a mean ischemia time of 6.5 hours. Four recipients died: there was one intraoperative death due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Another patient underwent graftectomy 1 day after transplantation due to vascular thrombosis. In conclusion, our in vivo technique allows a shorter ischemia time with a minimal postreperfusion bleeding and reduced production of lymphatic ascites, without jeopardizing organ function.     

活体小肠移植术供体的选择及处置

目的 探讨活体小肠移植供体的选择原则和处置。方法 对我国首次成功的2例临床活体小肠移植进行回顾性研究。受体均为短肠综合征患。患1由其父供末端回肠150cm;患2接受其母亲末端回肠160cm。两供体的组织配型HLA与各自的受体半相符,ABO血型相同。供体进行严格的体检,肠镜及钡剂造影确定小肠的长度合适,D－木糖吸收实验证实吸收功能正常,血管造影示肠系膜血管分布正常。术前严格肠道准备,术中细致取肠及运用4℃UW液进行重力灌洗。供体术后常规处理。结果 两名供体术后恢复顺利,无手术并发症,肠道吸收功能恢复正常。受体1目前已经健康存活24个月,正常进食,生活自理,体重增加20kg;受体2已健康存活5个月。2例均出现了1次急性排斥反应,但经激素冲击治疗后得到控制。结论 选用组织相容性好、健康标准体重的亲体作为供体,术前供体的充分准备、术中细致操作、术后细心管理,是保证移植小肠存活和供体手术安全的关键。     

Segmental living related small bowel transplantation in adults

The advent of small bowel transplantation has provided selected patients with chronic intestinal irreversible failure with a physiologic alternative to total parenteral nutrition. Recently a standardized technique for living related small bowel transplantation (LR-SBTx) has been developed. Three patients with short bowel syndrome underwent LR-SBTx at our institution. All donors were ABO compatible with a good human leukocyte antigen match. A segment of 180 to 200 cm of ileum was harvested and transplanted with its vascular pedicle constituted by the ileocolic artery and vein. The grafts were transplanted with a short cold and warm ischemia time. The immunosuppression regimen consisted of oral FK-506, prednisone, and intravenous induction with atgam. Serial biopsies of the intestinal grafts were performed to evaluate rejection or viral infections. The postoperative course was uneventful for all donors. All of the recipients are currently alive and well. Two of three patients are off total parenteral nutrition and tolerating an oral diet with no limitations on daily activity. In the third patient, the graft was removed 6 weeks after transplantation. At the time of enterectomy, no technical or immunologic complications were documented. Absorption tests for D-xylose and fecal fat studies were performed showing functional adaptation of the segmental graft. All biopsies were negative for acute rejection. A well-matched segmentai ileal graft from a living donor can provide complete rehabilitation for patients with short bowel syndrome. Our initial experience suggests that the risk of acute rejection and infection is greatly reduced compared to cadaveric bowel transplantation. Further clinical application of this procedure is warranted. Presented at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, Calif., May 21–24, 2000.     

Progressive functional adaptation of segmental bowel graft from living related donor

We report a patient with short gut syndrome successfully treated with living related bowel transplantation. A 27-year-old Caucasian man was referred after traumatic loss of almost the entire bowel from the third portion of duodenum to the sigmoid colon. His HLA-identical sister volunteered as a donor. A 200-cm segment of ileum was successfully transplanted under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. The posttransplant course was uneventful, without rejection or infectious complication. Total parenteral nutrition was discontinued 1 week posttransplant. At 6 months the patient had returned to his preinjury weight. Water and D-xylose absorption as well as fecal fat studies were markedly abnormal 1 month posttransplant but normalized by 6 months. The donor recovery was uneventful. A well-matched segmental ileal graft from living donor can provide complete rehabilitation for patients with short gut syndrome. We documented a progressive functional adaptation of the ileal graft, resulting in normal absorption by 5 months posttransplantation.