老年冠心病患者载脂蛋白B100基因突变的研究

目的探讨老年冠心病发病基因水平上的原因,为冠心病的诊断提供理论依据。方法采用ＰＣＲ与限制性内切酶ＭｓｐⅠ酶切的方法对１８３例老年冠心病患者进行了载脂蛋白Ｂ１００基因突变的研究。结果７４例心绞痛病例中,基因水平有改变者为１８例（２４．４％）;１０例心肌梗死患者基因水平有改变者３例（３３．３％）,余者基因水平无改变。结论老年冠心病患者中心绞痛和心肌梗死两类冠心病部分病人病因与其基因水平碱基突变有关。     

ApoE基因多态性与中国人2型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系

目的为研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性与２型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系。方法以载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因为候选基因，运用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）方法检测了１１２例２型糖尿病患者及６０例正常对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型。结果两组研究对象其ε３、ε２和ε４等位基因的分布频率分别为０．８４４，０．０９３，０．０６３和０．８６７，０．０８３，０．０５０（Ｐ＞０．０５），说明ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与中国人２型糖尿病发病无相关性，通过比较２型糖尿病患者不同ＡｐｏＥ基因型与其血脂指标的关系发现：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与血总胆固醇水平（Ｐ＝０．００２９）及血低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）Ｃ水平（Ｐ＝０．００２１）相关，携带ε４等位基因的个体具有较高的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平，而携带ε２等位基因的个体具有较低的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平。ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与２型糖尿病伴高血压无相关（Ｐ＝０．１１１）。携带ε４等位基因的患者冠心病发病率明显较携带其他等位基因患者为高（Ｐ＝０．００８）。结论ε４等位基因可能是２型糖尿病合并冠心病的一个危险因子     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：探讨载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因多态性与冠心病的相关性，以及ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性对冠心病患者血脂水平的影响。方法：１００例冠心病患者和４３例正常对照者。按常规方法测定血浆脂质和Ａｐｏ水平。ＡｐｏＥ基因型的确定采用聚合酶链反应和ＨｈａＩ酶切的方法。结果：本研究只发现３种常见的ＡｐｏＥ基因型，即Ｅ３／３，Ｅ３／４，Ｅ３／２。在病例组和正常对照组之间，ＡｐｏＥ等位基因频率以及基因型频率分布没有统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在冠心病患者不同基因型之间，总胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ的水平有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其它血脂指标无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：本研究证实ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性影响冠心病患者总胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ的水平；但ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性并不是冠心病发病的直接危险因子。     

中国人群2型糖尿病患者付氧酶基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

探讨中国２型糖尿病患者付氧酶（ＰＯＮ）基因与并发冠心病（ＣＡＤ）的关系。方法利用聚合酶链反应一变性梯度凝胶电泳技术对４９例２型糖尿病合并ＣＡＤ患者,４９例未合并ＣＡＤ的２型糖尿病对照者和１０１例健康对照者进行ＰＯＮ基因外显子筛查。结果发现中国人群ＰＯＮ基因第１９１位密码子存在Ｇｌｎ＾１９１－Ａｒｇ多态性,等位基因以Ａ／Ｂ表示。ＣＡＤ患者ＰＯＮ基因的３种基因型（ＡＡ、ＡＢ和ＢＢ）的构成比与２型糖尿病     

老年冠心病载脂蛋白E基因多态性相关性分析及其对血脂的影响

目的 研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性与老年冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的相关关系及其对血脂水平的影响。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）基因分析方法，测定１６１例老年ＣＨＤ患者和８６例同年龄对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型；血脂水平按常规方法测定。结果 本共发现５种ＡｐｏＥ基因型，分别为Ｅ３／３、Ｅ４／４、Ｅ４／３及Ｅ４／２。老年ＣＨＤ组ＡｐｏＥ４／３基因型和ε４等位基因频率均高于对     

糖尿病合并冠心病患者Apo－B基因位点多态性的观察

本文研究了Ａｐｏ－Ｂ基因位点多态性与糖尿病合并冠心病患者之间的关系，应用ＰＣＲ技术和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定３０例糖尿病合并冠心病病人，２５例糖尿病病人和４４例正常人的基因型，示Ａｐｏ－Ｂ基因８０８ｂｐ等位基因组在糖尿病合并冠心病病人的基因频率比正常人显著增高。８０８ｂｐ等位基因与血浆高含Ａｐｏ－Ｂ的脂蛋白水平有显著相关。     

老年2型糖尿病患者脂代谢的测定及临床意义

目的 探讨老年２型糖尿病与血脂、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白之间的关系及其临床测定的意义。方法 对９７例老年２型糖尿病患者及６５例老年对照组进行了血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡＩ、载脂蛋白Ｂ及脂蛋白（ａ）「Ｌｐ（ａ）」的测定。结果 老年２型糖尿病患者血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ＡｐｏＢ及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平均显著高于老年对照组。而血     

中国人2型糖尿病微血管并发症与AGE受体基因Gly82Ser多态性？…

目的 探讨ＡＧＥ受体（ＲＡＧＥ）基因Ｇｌｙ８２Ｓｅｒ多态性与中国人２型糖尿病微血管并发症间的关系。方法 使用限制性内切酶ＡｌｕＩ（ＡＧ↑ＣＴ）的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法，检测１０４例非糖尿病对照者和１５６例２型糖尿病伴或不伴肾病、视网膜病变者的ＲＡＧＥ基因Ｇｌｙ８２Ｓｅｒ的多态基因型。结果 中国人ＲＡＧＥ基因Ｇｌｙ８２Ｓｅｒ多态基因型以ＧＧ型、等位基因以Ｇ型为最多见，但频率分布与白种人相比有显著性差异。     

糖尿病并血管并发症患者血清ApoA1,ApoB的含量变化及意义

对８４例非胰岛素信赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者及６０例健康者的血清载脂蛋白Ａ１（ＡｐｏＡ１）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）进行了测定。结果显示，ＮＩＤＤＭ患者血清ＡｐｏＢ增高、ＡｐｏＡ１降低；无血管并发症的ＮＩＤＤＭ患者二者变化不大，有血管并发症者二者变化明显，且血管并发症越多，越严重，其改变越明显。提示血清ＡｐｏＡ１、ＡｐｏＢ的含量变化可作为ＮＩＤＤＭ患者有否血管并发症及其严重程度的判断指标。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失多态性与心肌梗死发病的相关性研究

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）基因的插入／ 缺失（ｉｎｓｅｒｔｉｏｎ／ｄｅｌｅｔｉｏｎ,Ｉ／Ｄ） 多态性与心肌梗死发病的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ） 扩增技术检测６３ 例心肌梗死患者及１１２ 例健康对照者的ＡＣＥ基因Ｉ／Ｄ多态性。结果　位于ＡＣＥ基因第１６ 内含子的Ｉ／Ｄ多态性经ＰＣＲ技术扩增后可分为三种基因型：纯合子缺失型（ＤＤ） ,纯合子插入型（ Ⅱ）,杂合子插入／ 缺失型（ＩＤ）。６３ 例心肌梗死患者ＤＤ型２６ 例（４１％ ）,ＩＤ型２４ 例（３８％ ）,Ⅱ型１３ 例（２１％） ,Ｄ等位基因频率为６０％ 。１１２ 例对照者则分别为２５ 例（２２％ ）,５０ 例（４５ ％） ,３７ 例（３３％ ） 及４５％ 。ＤＤ型及Ｄ 等位基因在心肌梗死组中显著高于健康对照组,（ Ｐ 值分别为０－００８ １ 及０－００４ ９）。心肌梗死患者ＤＤ型与非ＤＤ型在年龄、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、Ａｐｏ－ Ａｌ、Ａｐｏ－ Ｂ、吸烟以及所伴发的糖尿病、高血压等方面的差别均无显著性意义,但在甘油三酯及吸烟两项,表现出ＤＤ 型的心梗患者较非ＤＤ 型者有减低的趋势。结论　ＡＣＥ基因的插入／ 缺失多态性与国人心肌梗死发病相关,Ｄ等位基因及ＤＤ基因型可能为心肌梗     

老年人术后谵妄分析

对１２４０例老年手术病人进行了连续７ｄ的术后床边认识评分。结果发现有２００例病人发生术后谵妄,占总数的１６．３％,谵妄发生率为术后４ｄ内较高,以后逐渐下降。根据病人临床症状不同将２００例老年谵妄病人分为三类临床亚型,焦虑型：占发病人数０．３９％;安静型：占发病人数４．３％;混合型：占发病人数１８．０％;死亡人数占发病人数的４．０％。对老年术后谵妄的发病机理及防治进行初步探讨。     

Surgical treatment of Prinzmetal's angina pectoris by plexectomy associated with aortocoronary bypass. Apropos of 56 cases

The results of coronary bypass surgery are generally not as good in Prinzmetal angina as in classical angina pectoris. The percentage of myocardial infarction, recurrent angina and death is much higher. One reason for these failures could be the persistence of coronary spasm. In order to prevent this, denervation of the pre-supra and retro aortic nerve plexuses was carried out in 56 patients (54 male, 2 female) with Prinzmetal angina and operable coronary arterial lesions. Forty patients had documented coronary spasm mainly of the left anterior descending (20 cases) or the right coronary artery (13 cases). Surgery consisted of cardiac denervation associated with direct myocardial revascularisation by implantation of I (37 cases), 2 (13 cases) or 3 (6 cases) aorto coronary bypass grafts. Two deaths were observed in the perioperative period (one low output syndrome and one severe arrhythmia) and one myocardial infarction in the postoperative period. Of the 54 survivors, 49 are asymptomatic and 2 have recurrent spontaneous angina. Exercise electrocardiography in 44 patients was negative in 40 cases. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings (Holter method) in 33 patients was negative for ischemia and of 25 bypass grafts controlled, 24 were patent. Seventy five methylergometrine provocation tests were performed: only 2 were positive, both in patients with recurrent attacks. Therefore, with respect to the total numbers of recurrent angina (2), post operative infarction (I), peri and post operative deaths (3), the percentage of poor results was only 10,7 p. 100, almost three times lower than in previously reported series. In conclusion, we can say that the association of cardiac denervation with coronary bypass surgery significantly improves the percentage of good results (89,3 p. 100 of patients presenting with Prinzmetal angina).     

老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死血脂异常分析

目的　分析老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死与血脂异常的关系。　 方法　收集我院老年糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者 45例 (Ⅰ组 ) ,无急性心肌梗死的老年糖尿病患者 32例 (Ⅱ组 ) ,老年对照组 2 7例 (Ⅲ组 ) ,检测血脂水平并进行比较。　 结果 　糖尿病合并心肌梗死组血甘油三酯 (TG)、载脂蛋白B明显升高 ,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、载脂蛋白A1显著降低 ,与Ⅱ组相比 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ,与Ⅲ组相比血TG水平升高 ,HDL降低 (P <0 0 1)。　 结论 　TG升高、HDL降低是老年糖尿病心血管并发症的主要危险因素     

不同年龄老年急性心肌梗死住院患者近期预后的临床分析

目的 探讨年龄对老年住院急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者近期预后的影响.方法 对2535例老年AMI住院患者按年龄、预后分别分组.回顾性分析年龄、并存疾病对AMI患者预后的影响.结果 80v94岁组与65～79岁组、60～64岁组比较,住院病死率升高,分别为7.5%、14.2%和22.9%(χ2=46.378,P<0.01),30 d病死率亦升高(χ2=44.534,P<0.01);60～64岁AMI患者30 d死亡组陈旧性心肌梗死、肾功能不全、肺功能不全例数高于存活组,心绞痛例数低于存活组(P<0.05);65～79岁AMI患者30 d死亡组合并陈旧性心肌梗死、高血压、糖尿病,脑血管病、肾功能不全、肺功能不全例数均高于存活组;合并心绞痛例数低于存活组(P<0.05).80～94岁AMI患者30d死亡组陈旧性心肌梗死、糖尿病、脑血管病、肾功能不全、肺功能不全例数均高于存活组,心绞痛低于存活组(P<0.05);80～94岁以上30 d死亡组与60～64岁、65～79岁的死亡组比较,陈旧性心肌梗死、高血压、糖尿病、脑血管病、肺功能不全患者增加(P<0.05).结论 AMI患者病死率随增龄而升高,不典型心绞痛是80岁及以上AMI患者死亡的独立危险因素.     

Low risk is associated with poorer quality of life than high risk following acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND: Morbidity after acute coronary syndromes includes both physical and mental disorders affecting quality of life. The aim of this investigation was to study quality of life at a 3-month follow-up in patients with acute coronary syndrome, with the main objective of exploring whether unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) patients differ in this respect. METHODS: This investigation was part of a prospective risk stratification study of consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome of whom 814 below the age of 75 years (278 diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris and 536 with myocardial infarction) accepted an invitation to a follow-up visit 3 months after discharge. At follow-up, the patients completed the Cardiac Health Profile, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire, designed to evaluate perceived cognitive, emotional, social and physical function. RESULTS: Quality of life was mainly influenced by patient characteristics and previous history. The Cardiac Health Profile scores in unstable angina pectoris patients were significantly higher (i.e. poorer quality of life) than myocardial infarction patients at the 3-month visit (34, 22, 50; median, 25th, 75th percentile and 30, 19, 44; median, 25th, 75th percentile, respectively, P=0.006). The adjusted odds ratio for a poorer quality of life in unstable angina pectoris patients in relation to myocardial infarction patients was 1.39 (95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.87; P=0.03). The highest Cardiac Health Profile scores were seen in the unstable angina pectoris patients without electrocardiogram signs of ongoing ischemia and/or elevated markers of myocardial necrosis. CONCLUSION: Patients with unstable angina pectoris, especially of the low-risk type, and therefore treated accordingly, are more likely to experience poorer quality of life following an acute hospitalization than patients with other types of acute coronary syndrome. Once myocardial infarction or high-risk unstable angina pectoris has been ruled out, these patients still require a careful and systematic follow-up.     

2型糖尿病患者血栓调节蛋白水平与冠心病的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血栓调节蛋白（thrombomodulin,TM）水平与合并冠心病的关系。方法选择本院住院的97例糖尿病患者,把合并冠心病患者77例分为稳定性心绞痛组、不稳定性心绞痛组和心肌梗死组,单纯2型糖尿病患者20例为对照组。应用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测其血浆TM水平,并对血浆TM与冠状动脉病变作相关分析。结果稳定性心绞痛组和对照组血浆P-选择素、1M水平间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不稳定性心绞痛组血浆TM水平与稳定性心绞痛组、心肌梗死组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。不稳定性心绞痛组P-选择素水平与稳定性心绞痛组、心肌梗死组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Pearson相关分析表明,血浆P-选择素和TM水平与心绞痛程度呈正相关（r=0．6952,P〈0．05）。结论2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者,随着冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度加重,血浆TM水平可能相应升高。监测2型糖尿病患者血浆TM水平,对预测其冠状动脉粥样硬化病的严重程度可能有一定意义。     

Prognostic significance of angina pectoris recurring soon after myocardial infarction

The prognostic significance of an early occurrence, or recurrence,of angina pectoris after myocardial infarction was studied in254 patients (221 male, 33 female; mean age 58±11 years).During the in-hospital rehabilitation program, 41 patients (16%)had anginal pain. The mean follow-up was 21 months (range 12–33months). Among the 254 patients, 21 died, five had recurrentmyocardial infarction, 13 had unstable angina, and 22 underwentaortocoronary bypass surgery. An early recurrence of anginapectoris was predictive of combined (medical+surgical) events(21 patients, P<0.05), medical events (11 patients, P<0.05)and surgical events (10 patients, P<0.001), but failed topredict individual death (six patients), recurrent myocardialinfarction (two patients) or unstable angina (three patients).Of the events that occurred in the 254 patients, 34% were predictedby the early recurrence of angina pectoris. Early post-infarctionangina was observed more frequently in older patients and patientswith previous history of angina pectoris. This represents animportant prognostic factor after myocardial infarction, whichdefines a high-risk group of patients requiring further investigationand appropriate therapeutic approaches.     

Increased neutrophil elastase release in unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction

Neutrophils, a source of proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals, have been shown to participate in animal models of myocardial ischemic injury. To characterize neutrophil activation in human ischemic heart disease, a specific neutrophil elastase-derived fibrinopeptide in plasma was measured in 25 patients with stable angina pectoris, 29 patients with unstable angina pectoris, 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 22 control subjects. Mean plasma levels (+/- standard error) of a neutrophil elastase-derived fibrinopeptide (B beta 30-43) measured by a specific radioimmunoassay were fivefold higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction (877 +/- 337 pmol/liter, p less than 0.02) and 13-fold higher in patients with unstable angina (2,277 +/- 613 pmol/liter, p less than 0.006) as compared with control subjects (172 +/- 74 pmol/liter). Mean plasma levels of peptide B beta 30-43 in patients with stable angina (676 +/- 334 pmol/liter), although higher than in control subjects, were not significantly increased (p = 0.64). Total leukocyte counts were 11.0 +/- 0.6 x 10(6)/ml in those with acute myocardial infarction, 9.2 +/- 0.7 x 10(6)/ml in those with unstable angina, 7.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(6)/ml in those with stable angina and 7.7 +/- 0.4 x 10(6)/ml in control subjects. Although total leukocyte counts in patients with unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were higher (p less than 0.01) than in patients with stable angina or in control subjects, elevations in peptide B beta 30-43 levels were independent of the differences in both leukocyte count and absolute neutrophil count as well as in history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

One-year follow-up of a population of patients with angina. Factors influencing mortality and occurrence of cardiovascular events. Results of the ELAN study

The ELAN (Etude longitudinale dans l'angor) study was carried out both to acquire better knowledge of the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, revascularization surgery, death) in patients followed up for angina pectoris, and to determine the factors influencing such events. A cohort of angina patients was formed in January 1997, and 3,284 patients were followed up by 488 French cardiologists during a one-year period. Of these 3,284 patients, 96 (29/1000) died; causes of death included underlying coronary heart disease in 31, sudden death in 8, other cardiac aetiologies in 35, and noncardiac causes in 22. Sixty-nine (21/1000) patients developed myocardial infarction, 240 (73/1000) underwent PTCA, and 119 (36/1000) underwent coronary bypass surgery. Factors associated with an increased risk of death were age, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and angina type, mixed and rest angina being associated with poorer prognosis compared to exertional angina. Infarction risk increased with age and a history of previous infarction. Analysis of therapeutic factors after adjustment for the above risk factors showed a beneficial effect of betablockers on both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and of aspirin on all-cause mortality.