父母肥胖对儿童期肥胖的影响

目的：探讨父母肥胖对儿童期肥胖的影响。方法：以北京市近万名6－8岁儿童为调查对象，测量其身高、体重，并发放调查问卷以获得父母的身高与体重。以体重超过身高标准值的120％为标准筛选出肥胖儿童，以BMI超过25或28kg/m^2为标准筛选出超重或肥胖家长。结果：当父亲正常、超重及肥胖时儿童肥胖率分别为12．3％，20．0％和25．0％，当母亲正常、超重及肥胖时儿童肥胖率分别为13．8％，26．5％和30．0％，各组的肥胖率之间差别显。父母均正常的儿童肥胖发生率为11．1％，而父母均超重或肥胖的儿童肥胖率则上升至33．6％。儿童BMI与父亲和母亲BMI均明显相关，相关系数分别为0．195和0．214。结论：父母肥胖是儿童肥胖的重要危险因素，父母肥胖的儿童应成为预防肥胖的重点人群。     

Suitability of the ‘Little DCDQ' for the identification of DCD in a selected group of 3–5-year-old South African children

Background: In order to identify Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as soon as possible, we need validated screening instruments that can be used for the early identification of motor coordination delays. The aim of this study was to establish the suitability of the Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (Little DCDQ) for the identification of DCD in a selected group of 3–5-year-old South African children (N?=?53). Method: Both reliability and validity of the Little DCDQ were assessed. Test items of the Little DCDQ, completed by the parents, were compared against the standardised Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, in a group of 53 children aged 3–5 years. Results: Correlations of r?=?0.3 were established between two of the test items and good internal consistency (Chronbach's Alpha, r?= >?0.8) was established. The Little DCDQ showed poor sensitivity (57.14%), but reasonable specificity (81.25%). Conclusion: These results indicate that the Little DCDQ has potential as a screening instrument to detect possible DCD, but a few adjustments need to be considered.     

采用BMI对儿童单纯性肥胖病发病率调查及其价值探讨

肥胖病在全世界愈见增多 ,肥胖儿童也逐步增加。 1 996年世界卫生组织已明确提出 ,肥胖病已日益成为影响人类健康的一种流行病。我国近年来经济发展迅速 ,许多地区儿童肥胖病的发病率也逐年上升 ,大中城市和沿海地区尤甚。为了解近年上海市区的发病情况 ,1 999年我们对上海市区 5 0 0 0余名6～ 1 4岁儿童进行了体格发育的调查。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　资料　　 1 999年上海市南、中、北区六所中小学内共5 742名 6～ 1 4岁儿童接受了身高和体重的调查 ,其中男童 2 92 4名 ,女童 2 81 8名。以问卷形式由该校卫生老师填写 ,身高和体重值由…     

Using the Internet? The experiences of parents of disabled children

BACKGROUND: Research has offered consistent evidence that the provision of crucial information to parents of disabled children, at a time when they need it and in a form that they can use, is an intractable problem. This makes it important to develop new and effective approaches to information presentation, distribution and delivery. The Internet has been put forward as a medium through which families' needs for information and services can be met. This paper looks at parents of disabled children's experience of using it. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 3014 adult carers, of which 788 were carers of disabled children aged 0-17. Data were collected using a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: A high proportion (75%) had previously used the Internet. Of these, 63% were frequent users and 91% were using it at home. Popular uses were emailing, obtaining information about caring, ordering equipment and shopping online. Despite positive benefits, users experienced problems relating to technical issues and equipment and system design. Lack of time owing to caring and other circumstances was an issue for over half of all users. Never users were more likely to be living in rented accommodation, be unemployed and not have a PC at home. Reasons for not using the Internet included lack of access to equipment, cost and lack of skill. CONCLUSIONS: For some parents the Internet is a viable and flexible medium for accessing useful information and services. However, caution about the extent to which it becomes the primary means for delivering information is needed. Technical problems and lack of time can make it difficult to search for complex information. The 'digital divide' between users and non-users makes it crucial that issues of cost, lack of equipment and skill be addressed. Information needs to be made available in other forms to ensure that those who cannot or do not wish to use the Internet are not socially excluded.     

Canadian parents and children’s knowledge of ADHD

The present study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) knowledge of children with ADHD and their parents. Given the important role that parents play in advocating for their children, a better understanding of their knowledge of ADHD is critical. Additionally, understanding what children with ADHD themselves know about the disorder may provide insight into how best to support this vulnerable population. As such, 29 children with ADHD and their parents completed questionnaires measuring their ADHD knowledge across 3 areas: ADHD symptoms, treatment and general knowledge. Results found parents to be most knowledgeable in the area of ADHD symptoms and least in general information. Encouragingly, children with ADHD were found to have generally good knowledge regarding ADHD and, more importantly, reported positive attitudes regarding receiving help from their parents and teachers to manage their ADHD symptoms. These results have implications for individuals providing ADHD education to parents and children and, more specifically, may provide insight into specific areas of misconception.     

Short stature: increased in children with severe learning disability

Introduction   'Health for all children' recommends that children should be screened for growth disorders at school entry with a 0.4th centile 'cut-off'. Following the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in four children attending local special schools, our aim was to compare the height distribution of children attending special schools with mainstream schools.
Methods   Children at two local special schools were measured using a Leicester height measurer and values converted to standard deviation scores (SDS). Children were categorized according to whether there were known factors that could affect height. The data were compared with those collected from local mainstream schools.
Results   In total, 242 children were registered at the two special schools and 192 children were measured. The mean height SDS of children in mainstream school ( n  = 2301) was similar to national standards at −0.09 (SD 1.02). The mean height SDS distribution of the 192 children in special schools (age range 3.2–18.4 years; median age 11.3 years) was −0.73; 95%CI −0.9 to −0.5. In those with no established diagnosis to explain altered growth ( n  = 120) this was −0.613; 95%CI −0.8 to −0.4. Both pre-pubertal ( n  = 37) and pubertal ( n  = 83) children were short and eight (6.7%) had a height less than the 0.4th centile.
Conclusions   Children attending special school with severe or profound learning disability were shorter than those attending mainstream school. This is still the case following the exclusion of children with a known cause for abnormal growth. This underlines the importance of each child being assessed by professionals with a refined knowledge of normal and abnormal growth.     

Strong smoker interest in 'setting an example to children' by quitting: national survey data

Objective: To further explore smoker views on reasons to quit. Methods: As part of the multi‐country ITC Project, a national sample of 1,376 New Zealand adult (18+ years) smokers was surveyed in 2007/08. This sample included boosted sampling of Māori, Pacific and Asian New Zealanders. Results: ‘Setting an example to children’ was given as ‘very much’ a reason to quit by 51%, compared to 45% giving personal health concerns. However, the ‘very much’ and ‘somewhat’ responses (combined) were greater for personal health (81%) than ‘setting an example to children’ (74%). Price was the third ranked reason (67%). In a multivariate analysis, women were significantly more likely to state that ‘setting an example to children’ was ‘very much’ or ‘somewhat’ a reason to quit; as were Māori, or Pacific compared to European; and those suffering financial stress. Conclusion: The relatively high importance of ‘example to children’ as a reason to quit is an unusual finding, and may have arisen as a result of social marketing campaigns encouraging cessation to protect families in New Zealand. Implications: The policy implications could include a need for a greater emphasis on social reasons (e.g. ‘example to children’), in pack warnings, and in social marketing for smoking cessation.     

Emotional reactions in parents and children after diagnosis and treatment of a malignant tumour in the eye

Retinoblastoma is a rare malignant tumour in the retina usually presenting before 3 years of age. In Sweden, 6-7 new cases are diagnosed each year. The medical treatment is highly specialized, very effective, with a survival ratio of almost 100%. Very little was known about the emotional and psychosocial effects on the parents and the patients themselves. This study includes all children diagnosed in Sweden between 1992 and 1994. The parents and children were included in our longitudinal support programme immediately after the diagnosis was made. This paper deals with the following topics: how the illness was detected and diagnosed, how the parents were handled by the health professionals, the parents' emotional reactions to the diagnosis and treatment and how the children reacted to the disease and treatment. Children's concepts of illness and acute loss are discussed.     

Which fourth-grade children participate in school breakfast and do their parents know it?

ObjectiveTo explore fourth-graders' school breakfast participation by gender and race (black, white) and examine the extent to which parents' responses to “Does this child usually eat school breakfast?” reflected their children's participation.DesignParents answered “yes” or “no” to the questions printed on consent forms. Observers documented which children participated in school breakfast on 26 to 51 randomly selected days per school during 24 weeks in the 1999-2000 school year.Subjects357 children recruited from all 22 fourth-grade classes from 6 schools in 1 public school district.Variables MeasuredParticipation rate, participation rate grouping [usually participated (≥50% of days observed), did not usually participate (<50% of days observed)].Statistical Analyses PerformedKomolgorov-Smirnov tests, McNemar's test.ResultsMedian participation rate was 37.5% overall. Distribution of participation rates differed significantly by race (K-S test, P < .001) but not gender. There was a significant difference in the percentage of parents who said “yes” or “no” compared to children's usual participation grouping (McNemar test, P < .001). Of parents who said “yes,” 66% of children usually participated; of parents who said “no,” 92% of children did not usually participate.ImplicationsChildren, not parents, must be the source for learning about what children eat at school.     

孤独症患儿父母的依恋特征

【目的】 探讨孤独症患儿父母的依恋特征。 【方法】 采用横断面调查研究。用亲密关系经历量表、关系问卷及自制调查表对68例孤独症患儿父母及136名正常儿童的父母进行问卷调查,对照研究。 【结果】 两组父亲依恋类型分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=4.574,P>0.05),两组母亲依恋类型分布差异无统计学意义(χ²=4.294,P>0.05)。孤独症患儿父亲在依恋焦虑维度得分明显高于正常对照组,但两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.958,P>0.05),在依恋回避维度得分两组父亲差异无统计学意义(t=0.309,P>0.05);在依恋焦虑和回避维度得分两组母亲差异均无统计学意义(t_焦虑=0.667;t_回避=0.968,P>0.05)。 【结论】 孤独症患儿父母的依恋类型分布与正常儿童父母的依恋类型分布无差异。     

新生儿出生体格与父母体质指数及母亲孕期营养的关系*

摘 要：目的：探讨新生儿出生体格与父母体质指数及母亲孕期增重、贫血的关系,为提高妇幼保健质量提供理论依据。方法：对2020年1—12月在兰州市妇幼保健院进行孕产期系统保健管理的100名孕产妇及其新生儿进行调查。采用自行的设计问卷对孕产妇进行调查,通过面对面访谈、就诊时检测的方式收集父母亲一般情况、围孕产期生活习惯、父母亲身高、体重、新生儿分娩情况、体质指数 （BMI）、血红蛋白 （Hb） 检测值、出生体格等资料,并对资料进行统计学分析。结果：不同父亲BMI类型与新生儿出生体格相关,低体重组、正常体重组、超重/肥胖组父亲的新生儿出生体重分别为 （3.01±0.28） kg、（3.25±0.44） kg、（3.40±0.34） kg,3组比较,差异有统计学意义 （F=9.793,P＜0.05）。母亲孕期增重与新生儿出生体重相关,增重不足、增重正常、增重超重组母亲的新生儿出生体重分别为 （3.22±0.42） kg、（3.19±0.34） kg、（3.40±0.45） kg,3 组比较,差异有统计学意义 （F=9.878,P＜0.01）。多元线性回归分析显示,父亲 BMI,母亲孕期增重、孕前BMI与新生儿出生体重呈正相关,父亲饮酒与新生儿出生体重呈负相关。父亲 BMI、母亲身高与新生儿出生身长呈正相关。结论：新生儿出生体格与父母体质指数及母亲孕期增重有关,应多关注父亲因素对儿童早期发育的影响。     

Easing the strain: assessing the impact of a Family Fund grant on mothers caring for a severely disabled child

Summary Measures of perceptions of care-related stress and maternal adjustment were used to assess the extent to which receiving help from the Family Fund eases the stress of caring for a disabled child. A sample of 162 mothers completed a questionnaire before and after receiving help from the Family Fund. The findings suggest that the Family Fund has a significant impact on mothers' perceptions of the stresses of caring for their child, as well as improving mothers' wellbeing and adjustment. However, receiving help from the Family Fund did not improve mothers' perceptions of the severity of the child's disability or the extent to which the disability had adversely affected their personal lives.     

南疆地区新生儿家属对新生儿疾病筛查认知情况调查

目的 调查新疆南疆地区新生儿家长对新生儿疾病筛查相关知识的认知情况,从家长层面寻找影响筛查有效实施及最终目标实现的因素.方法 选择新疆南疆44个县市妇幼保健院分娩的新生儿家属参与问卷调查,调查时间为2015年7月1日至15日,对调查结果进行,单因素分析及Logistic多因素分析.结果 本次调查回收有效问卷203份,维吾尔族家长占79.31％.经单因素分析,新生儿家长中文化程度、家距离采血机构的距离对是否愿意做新生儿疾病筛有影响(x2值分别为18.006、11.399,均P＜0.01).新生儿家长的文化程度是是否愿意做新生儿疾病筛的独立影响因素,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.013,95％CI:0.324～0.874).在新生儿疾病筛查知识的获取途径方面,84.24％的家长是通过医院途径了解的,对于苯丙酮尿症及先天性甲低的不了解程度比例分别为48.28％、50.25％.结论 新疆南疆新生儿家长对新生儿疾病筛查的知晓率差,开展多渠道及多样化的健康教育并在产妇出院前完成新生儿筛查,对新生儿家长获得新生儿疾病筛查知识、提高筛查率十分必要.     

Vegetable Education Program Positively Affects Factors Associated With Vegetable Consumption Among Australian Primary (Elementary) Schoolchildren

Objective

To measure the effectiveness of a new sensory education program for Australian primary (elementary) schoolchildren (Vegetable Education Resource to Increase Children's Acceptance and Liking [VERTICAL]) designed to increase vegetable enjoyment and positively predispose to vegetable consumption.