第二趾胫侧游离皮瓣修复手指皮肤及神经缺损

目的 探讨第2趾胫侧游离皮瓣修复手指一侧指固有动脉、神经缺损合并皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法 及临床疗效.方法 应用第2趾胫侧游离皮瓣修复10例10指合并皮肤软组织、神经缺损的患者,其缺损面积最大为5.0cm×2.0cm,最小为2.0cm×1.5cm;以第2趾胫侧游离皮瓣内的轴心动脉及神经桥接修复指一侧固有动脉、神经的缺损,切取皮瓣的面积最大为5.5 cm×2.2cm,最小为2.2cm×1.6cm,平均为3.5cm×1.7cm;指动脉、神经缺损的长度最大为5.0cm,最小为2.0cm,平均为3.5cm;第2趾供区切取同侧小腿内侧全厚皮片植皮修复.结果 所有患者的移植皮瓣全部成活(Ⅰ期愈合),小腿供区伤口Ⅰ期愈合.术后获随访6～36个月,指端的两点辨别觉为6～10mm,平均为8mm;皮瓣的两点辨别觉为8～10mm,平均为9mm.足供区植皮愈合良好,无瘢痕挛缩及植皮区破溃,足功能无明显影响.结论 应用第2趾胫侧游离皮瓣修复手指皮肤、神经缺损,可以恢复手指的外形及功能,是修复此类损伤较理想的方法.     

远端蒂指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用远端蒂指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端皮肤软组织缺损并骨外露术式的临床应用效果. 方法 2009年3月至2010年5月,采用远端蒂指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣急诊修复外伤性指端皮肤及软组织缺损17例,手术皮瓣以远节指间关节平面与指侧正中线交汇处的指掌侧固有动脉背侧支发出点为旋转点,切取面积1.0 cm×1.5 cm ～ 1.8 cm×2.2 cm,蒂长0.8 ～ 1.7 cm,转位90°～ 120°覆盖指端. 结果 全部皮瓣均完全成活.随访3～6个月,手指外形均良好而不臃肿,痛、温觉逐步恢复,其中8例术中能够找到神经残端修整后与皮瓣指掌侧固有神经背侧支吻合者两点辨别觉达6～8mm,平均6.5 mm. 结论 以远端蒂指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣转位一期修复手2～5指的指端皮肤及软组织缺损,操作简单,血供可靠,临床效果满意.     

游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的 报告应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣移植修复手指指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对70例76指手指指腹缺损的患者,采用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～4.0 cm×2.5 cm.皮瓣的供血动脉采用第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉60指,采用第一跖背动脉一趾背动脉供血16指.足部供区采用全厚皮片加压植皮.结果 70例76指皮瓣全部存活,其中4指皮瓣在术后3 d内发生动脉危象,经手术探查后动脉危象解除.所有患者经过5～24个月(平均8个月)的随访,皮瓣质地、外形满意,手指功能恢复优良,远侧指间关节活动度为0°～60°,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm.足部供区创面Ⅰ期愈合71趾,植皮中央区部分坏死5趾,经换药后愈合.远期随访植皮区耐磨,不妨碍行走,无破溃发生.结论 应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损.具有手术操作相对简单、手术时间短、修复后的手指指腹饱满且外形逼真等优点,是一种理想的方法.     

邻指岛状皮瓣修复伴血管缺损的手指皮肤缺损

目的 报告邻指指动脉岛状皮瓣转位桥接修复伴有指固有动脉缺损的手指掌侧皮肤缺损的方法及疗效.方法 2005年6月至2012年5月,对23例伴指固有动脉缺损的手指掌侧皮肤缺损患者,应用邻指指固有动脉岛状皮瓣转位桥接修复,皮瓣切取面积3.0 cm×2.2 cm ～ 1.5 cm×1.5 cm,供区创面植皮.结果 术后23例皮瓣及患指均存活,皮瓣供区创面Ⅰ期愈合.随访时间为6～ 36个月,平均18个月,皮瓣外形良好,质地及功能满意.结论 应用邻指岛状皮瓣修复伴血管缺损的手指皮肤缺损,一次手术既可以完成创面的修复,又可桥接手指血管的缺损,手术操作相对简单、安全,血管口径适宜,是修复此类损伤较理想的方法.     

带指背静脉、神经的指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复手指皮肤伴指动脉缺损

目的 探讨同指逆行或邻指顺行带静脉、神经的指背筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复伴有指固有动脉、神经缺损的手指掌侧皮肤缺损的方法及疗效.方法 2011年8月-2013年3月对18例伴有指固有动脉、指固有神经缺损的指掌侧皮肤软组织伴指动脉缺损患者,采用同指逆行或邻指顺行带静脉、神经的指背岛状皮瓣转位桥接修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.2 cm×1.5 cm～2.5 cm×3.5 cm,供区创面植皮.结果 术后18例皮瓣及患指均成活.皮瓣供区创面一期愈合.随访6～12个月,皮瓣质地、外观良好.感觉恢复至S3～S4,两点分辨觉4～8 mm.患指运动功能恢复良好.结论 采用带静脉、神经的指背岛状皮瓣桥接修复伴指固有动脉、指固有神经缺损的指掌侧缺损,操作简单、不牺牲主要血管、桥接可靠.供区损伤小,并可重建远端指及皮瓣感觉,是修复指腹软组织缺损、血运障碍的一种理想方法.     

拇指指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损

目的 探讨应用拇指近节指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损的临床疗效 方法 设计拇指指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端皮肤软组织缺损伴骨外露创面8例,皮瓣切取面积为2.0cm × 3.5 cm～2.5 cm×5.0cm,供区均直接缝合. 结果 术后皮瓣均成活,随访6～12个月,皮瓣外形良好,患侧拇指指间关节活动度与健侧接近.患指指腹的两点辨别觉平均为9.2 mm. 结论 应用拇指近节指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣一期修复拇指指端缺损临床效果良好.     

第二足趾胫侧趾腹皮瓣游离移植修复指腹组织缺损

目的 探讨应用第二足趾腹皮瓣游离移植修复拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 根据拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的大小、范围和形状,于同侧第二足趾胫侧趾腹设计趾腹皮瓣,皮瓣的轴线为第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉、神经的投影.切取皮瓣面积2.0 cm×2.3 cm～2.0 cm×3.5 cm,临床应用修复10例.结果 术后有2例皮瓣边缘少部分坏死,经换药后创面愈合外,另8例皮瓣均成活良好.术后随访4～16个月,皮瓣血运、质地、弹性良好,指腹饱满,外形满意.手指功能恢复良好.皮瓣两点分辨觉为5.0～9.0 mm.第二趾供区创面均Ⅰ期愈合,不影响穿鞋及行走.结论 游离第二足趾胫侧趾腹皮瓣手术简便,血供可靠,可重建感觉功能,是修复拇、手指指腹软组织缺损的良好方法.     

游离血流与神经桥接型第2趾胫侧皮瓣治疗近指间关节重度屈曲挛缩的效果

目的探讨采用游离血流、神经桥接型第2趾胫侧皮瓣治疗近指间关节重度屈曲挛缩的效果。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2013年3月—2019年10月, 苏州瑞华骨科医院收治9例符合入选标准的外伤术后近指间关节重度屈曲挛缩(Ⅲ型)患者, 其中男5例、女4例, 年龄17～62岁。切断影响近指间关节伸直的挛缩组织并切除瘢痕组织后, 伸直位近指间关节掌侧创面大小为2.0 cm×1.0 cm～2.5 cm×1.5 cm, 指固有动脉、神经缺损长1.0～1.5 cm。于第2趾胫侧切取与创面大小相同的皮瓣游离移植修复创面, 用长约1.5 cm胫侧趾足底固有动脉、神经桥接修复缺损的指固有动脉、神经, 于小腿近端胫侧切取全厚皮片修复皮瓣供区创面, 将皮片供区创面直接缝合。术后观察皮瓣和皮片成活情况;随访患者并于末次随访时, 观察患指与第2趾包括其上供受区恢复情况, 同时观测皮瓣修复处及患指指腹两点辨别觉距离, 对患指行Allen试验检查桥接血管血流通畅性, 按照中华医学会近指间关节活动范围标准评价患指近指间关节功能。结果术后皮瓣和皮片均顺利成活。术后随访5～22个月, 平均10个月。末次随访时, 皮瓣修复处外...     

足趾侧方双叶皮瓣修复手指环形皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道第1,2足趾侧方双叶皮瓣修复手指环形软组织缺损的手术方法和疗效。方法自2005年以来,应用游离的第1,2趾侧方双叶皮瓣瓦合修复手指环形皮肤缺损56例,其中以第1跖背动脉为血管蒂40例,以第1趾底总动脉为血管蒂16例,皮瓣切取面积为第1趾趾侧背皮瓣6．Ocm×3．Ocm-3．Ocm×2．Ocm,第2趾趾侧背皮瓣4．Ocm×2．5cm-3．0cm×2．0cm。单纯修复创面27例,修复创面并桥接再植29例。结果56例皮瓣和桥接再植病例全部成活。术后随访1-3年,皮瓣肤色红润,质地良好,手指外形满意。按手功能评定标准评定：优27例,良21例,优良率达85．7％。结论第1,2趾侧方皮瓣修复手指环形皮肤软组织缺损是理想的手术方法。     

指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复手指末节软组织缺损

目的 总结应用指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复手指末节软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 2011年1月-2013年3月,对24例由各种原因导致的手指末节软组织缺损采用指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣修复创面,清创后创面缺损面积为2.0 cm×3.0 cm～3.0 cm×4.0 cm,皮瓣面积为3.0 cm×4.0 cm～4.0 cm×5.0 cm.结果 21例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣边缘浅表坏死,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经二期扩创植皮后伤口愈合,另1例术后3d出现静脉危象,立即拆除部分蒂部过紧的缝合线,经换药两周后二期愈合.结论 指侧方动脉皮支血管链皮瓣是修复手指末节软组织缺损较好的修复方法.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.