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1.
动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞所致脑梗死类型 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
目的探讨动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病(MCAOD)所致脑梗死的类型。方法对50例经颅脑MRA或DSA确诊的症状性MCAOD患者进行研究,依据其头部弥散加权成像(DWI)和T2W的改变对脑梗死分型。结果50例患者共发现57条动脉硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞,未发现病灶的有6(占12.0%)个大脑半球,多发性脑梗死和单发脑梗死分别见于13(占22.8%)个和38(占66.7%)个大脑半球。脑分水岭梗死、流域性脑梗死、半卵圆区脑梗死、多发性散在点状脑梗死(MSSI)、腔隙性脑梗死分别见于18(占31.6%)个、12(占21.1%)个、6(占10.5%)个、2(占3.5%)个和1(占1.8%)个大脑半球。结论MCAOD可引起各种类型的脑梗死,脑分水岭梗死约占1/3,动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成约占1/5,纹状体内囊梗死约占1/5,主要发病机制与动脉-动脉栓塞和低灌注有关。 相似文献
2.
恶性大脑中动脉梗死(mMCAI)是脑梗死中较严重的一类,其病死率极高。恶性脑水肿致脑疝形成为主要的死亡原因,内科保守治疗的存活患者有80%遗留重度残疾。对mMCAI患者恶性脑水肿的预测因素及治疗是目前国内外研究的焦点,本文就这一领域的研究进展进行总结和分析。 相似文献
3.
目的 观察他汀类药物对大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)供血区梗死的患者肱动脉血流
介导的舒张功能(flow-mediated dilation,FMD)的影响。
方法 入选30例首次发病且发病2周内的MCA供血区梗死的患者,其中服用他汀类药物者20例,未
用药者10例,观察发病3个月时FMD与发病2周内的变化,并且研究FMD与通过经颅多普勒(transcranial
doppler,TCD)评估的双侧MCA血流速度和PI的相关性,以及FMD与患者预后的关系。
结果 用药组3个月后的FMD显著改善[(9.10±2.56)% vs(6.13±1.60)%,P <0.01],且FMD的提高
与健侧MCA搏动指数(pulse index,PI)值的改变呈显著负相关(rs =-0.432,P =0.031),即患者FMD提
高越多,健侧MCA的血管顺应性改善越多;非用药组FMD较基线时的变化无统计学意义;所有患者发
病3个月时FMD与患者预后呈正相关(P <0.05),且FMD的变化与血脂的改变之间相关性无统计学意义
(P >0.05)。
结论 他汀类药物可能通过提高肱动脉FMD改善MCA梗死患者的血管内皮功能,且FMD的改善可能
与健侧MCA血管顺应性的改善及良好的预后有关,这种作用独立于降脂作用之外。 相似文献
4.
目的探讨同侧大脑后动脉偏侧优势(posterior cerebral artery laterality,PCAL)对同侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)M1段严重狭窄或闭塞后急性卒中患者梗死范围、卒中严重程度和短期预后的影响。方法于2010年1月-2015年11月,前瞻性连续性纳入郑州大学第一附属医院MCA M1段严重狭窄(狭窄率70%~90%)或闭塞的161例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据患者有无PCAL分组,比较两组临床基线资料及3个月随访改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评分的差异。结果 161例患者中共76例PCAL阳性,85例PCAL阴性。PCAL阳性组既往卒中者少(P=0.021),基于弥散加权成像的Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(diffusion weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score,DWI-ASPECTS)更高(P=0.045),出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分更低(P=0.009),3个月mRS评分更低(P=0.002),临床短期预后更好,差异有显著性。多因素Logistic回归分析可见,入院NIHSS评分[OR(odds ratio)1.266,95%CI(confidence interval)1.139~1.407,P0.01]是预后不良的预测因子,PCAL阳性(OR 0.355,95%CI 0.146~0.864,P=0.022)是预后良好的预测因子。结论 MCA M1段严重狭窄或闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者,PCAL阳性者梗死范围更小,短期临床预后更好。 相似文献
5.
尿激酶溶栓治疗大鼠急性脑梗死的实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的 :观察尿激酶 (UK)静脉溶栓治疗大鼠急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 :制作改良大鼠自体血栓性大脑中动脉闭塞 (MCAO)模型 ,在MCAO后 3 0min静脉注入尿激酶 2 0 0 0 0U·kg-1(A组 )、5 0 0 0 0U·kg-1(B组 ) ,MCAO后 12h通过神经功能缺损评分、梗死体积、血管再通率、出血并发症及病理检查等比较研究不同剂量尿激酶溶栓的疗效。结果 :A、B组MCAO后 12h神经功能缺损评分增加、梗死体积减少均较对照组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,B组较A组梗死体积小 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并发出血率 3组无显著差异。结论 :UK溶栓能显著改善脑梗死大鼠的神经功能缺损程度、使血管完全或部分再通、减少梗死体积 ,MCAO后 3 0min溶栓不增加出血性转换的发生率 相似文献
6.
7.
Hiroshi Izuma Fumiaki Oka Hideyuki Ishihara Takao Inoue Eiichi Suehiro Sadahiro Nomura Michiyasu Suzuki 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2018,27(10):2761-2767
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the risk and the threshold of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) under the novel oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban.Methods
Fifty-three spontaneous hypertensive rats were used in this study. We performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 270 minutes. Placebo, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg rivaroxaban were administered via a stomach tube 180 minutes after induction of ischemia, and rtPA (10 mg/kg) was administered just before reperfusion. Ninety minutes after rivaroxaban administration we measured the rivaroxaban plasma concentration and prothrombin time (PT). HT volume was assessed by hemoglobin spectrophotometry. Additionally, infarct volume, IgG leakage volume, and neurological outcome were assessed.Results
Rivaroxaban plasma concentration and PT increased in a dose dependent manner but were lower than human peak levels after a once-daily dose of 20 mg rivaroxaban. HT volume increased after treatment with 20 mg/kg rivaroxaban compared with placebo treated controls or those treated with 10 mg/kg rivaroxaban (26.5 ± 5.4, 26.8 ± 8.7, and 41.4 ± 12.6 μL in placebo, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg treated groups, respectively; P < .05).Conclusions
Our results suggest that even at therapeutic plasma concentrations, rivaroxaban may increase the risk of HT after thrombolysis in some conditions, such as hypertension and/or a prolonged ischemic period. 相似文献8.
目的 建立稳定的小鼠大脑中动脉远端氯化铁血栓模型,评价其造成的脑损伤及神经功能损伤程
度。
方法 C57BL6/J雄性小鼠随机分为脑缺血组和假手术组。脑缺血组用10%氯化铁(ferric chloride,
FeCl3)溶液诱导右侧大脑中动脉远端形成血栓。在术前、术后10 mi n、术后1 d和7 d观测术侧脑血流
和手术动脉血流量的变化。术后1 d观察脑组织梗死率。术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d用3种神经学评分[改良
加西亚评分(modified Garcia score,mGS)、改良神经损伤严重程度评分(modified neurological severity
scores,mNSS)和15分神经学评估表(15-point neurological evaluation scale,NES)]和胶黏纸测试评价小
鼠神经功能。术后7 d免疫荧光染色标记神经细胞核观察脑组织损伤,标记CD16/32、CD206和Iba1观
察胶质细胞表达。
结果 与假手术组相比,脑缺血组术后10 mi n、1 d、7 d脑表面血流和手术动脉血流下降,术后1 d脑
皮层梗死明显,术后7 d仍有明显脑组织损伤;脑缺血组术后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d时3种神经学评分及胶
黏纸测试均提示小鼠神经功能不同程度损伤。术后7 d脑缺血组梗死周围皮层M1和M2型胶质细胞表
达增加。
结论 FeCl3溶液可诱导形成稳定的小鼠脑缺血模型,该模型可造成手术侧大脑中动脉远端及脑表
面血流量降低,皮层脑梗死,小鼠神经功能受损,梗死周围胶质细胞表达上调。本研究建立了稳定
氯化铁诱导血栓形成的小鼠脑缺血模型,为脑血栓形成和抗栓药物治疗提供了一种可靠的研究工
具。 相似文献
9.
目的 建立稳定的小鼠大脑中动脉远端氯化铁血栓模型,评价其造成的脑损伤及神经功能损伤程
度。
方法 C57BL6/J雄性小鼠随机分为脑缺血组和假手术组。脑缺血组用10%氯化铁(ferric chloride,
FeCl3)溶液诱导右侧大脑中动脉远端形成血栓。在术前、术后10 mi n、术后1 d和7 d观测术侧脑血流
和手术动脉血流量的变化。术后1 d观察脑组织梗死率。术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d用3种神经学评分[改良
加西亚评分(modified Garcia score,mGS)、改良神经损伤严重程度评分(modified neurological severity
scores,mNSS)和15分神经学评估表(15-point neurological evaluation scale,NES)]和胶黏纸测试评价小
鼠神经功能。术后7 d免疫荧光染色标记神经细胞核观察脑组织损伤,标记CD16/32、CD206和Iba1观
察胶质细胞表达。
结果 与假手术组相比,脑缺血组术后10 mi n、1 d、7 d脑表面血流和手术动脉血流下降,术后1 d脑
皮层梗死明显,术后7 d仍有明显脑组织损伤;脑缺血组术后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d时3种神经学评分及胶
黏纸测试均提示小鼠神经功能不同程度损伤。术后7 d脑缺血组梗死周围皮层M1和M2型胶质细胞表
达增加。
结论 FeCl3溶液可诱导形成稳定的小鼠脑缺血模型,该模型可造成手术侧大脑中动脉远端及脑表
面血流量降低,皮层脑梗死,小鼠神经功能受损,梗死周围胶质细胞表达上调。本研究建立了稳定
氯化铁诱导血栓形成的小鼠脑缺血模型,为脑血栓形成和抗栓药物治疗提供了一种可靠的研究工
具。 相似文献
10.
内侧分水岭脑梗死的影像学特点与颈内动脉和大脑中动脉病变的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨内侧分水岭脑梗死(IWI)的神经影像学特征与颈内动脉和大脑中动脉病变的关系。方法:评估28例IWI患者的大脑中动脉和颈内动脉病变,对脑血管病的危险因素及神经影像学特征进行比较。结果:14例患者有大脑中动脉病变,其中部分型内侧分水岭梗死(PIWI)IO例,融合型内侧分水岭梗死(CIWI)4例;5例有颈内动脉病变,其中PIWI3例,CIWI2例。结论:IWI与颈内动脉以及大脑中动脉病变有关,PIWI主要与大脑中动脉病变有关。 相似文献
11.
目的 探讨生物波调控因子(Bio-wave regulation factor,BRF)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤后行为学及 脑组织内肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)表达的影响。 方法 成年健康雄性SD大鼠90只随机分为3组,即假手术组、生理盐水组、BRF治疗组,每组分为6、24、 48、72 h、7 d,5个亚组,每亚组6只大鼠。参照Longa等的线栓法制成大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型,术后1 h以1 ml/100 g体重的剂量分别腹腔注射1.25% BRF溶液和生理盐 水,此后1次/d重复注射,至相应时间点处死动物。采用Longa等4种方法进行行为学评分、干湿重法测 定脑组织含水量、HE染色观察组织病理学改变、免疫组织化学方法观察脑组织TNF-α的动态变化。 结果 1.行为学评分:MCAO大鼠对侧肢体存在不同程度瘫痪,在术后48 h和72 h神经功能缺损最为 明显,7 d基本恢复正常;2.脑组织含水量测定:脑梗死组脑组织含水量在各时间段均增加,其中术后 48 h BRF组低于同期的生理盐水组(P <0.05);3.脑组织HE染色观察:除假手术组外,其余各组在脑梗死 后6 h局部可见炎性细胞浸润,48 h明显增多,并持续到7 d;4.脑组织TNF-α的表达:与假手术组相比, 脑梗死组TNF-α阳性细胞在各时间段均增加,术后48 h、72 h BRF组低于同期的生理盐水组(P <0.05)。 结论 BRF通过减轻脑水肿,降低脑内肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达,对大鼠缺血脑组织产生保护作用。 相似文献
12.
Hoon Kim Yerim Kim Young Woo Kim Seong Rim Kim Seung Ho Yang 《Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society》2016,59(4):346-351
ObjectiveEarly progressive infarction (EPI) is frequently observed and related to poor functional outcome in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We evaluated the perfusion parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a predictor of EPI.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. EPI was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increment ≥2 points during 24 hours despite receiving standard treatment. Regional parameter ratios, such as cerebral blood flow and volume (rCBV) ratio (ipsilateral value/contralateral value) on perfusion MRI were analyzed to investigate the association with EPI.ResultsSixty-four patients were enrolled in total. EPI was present in 18 (28%) subjects and all EPI occurred within 3 days after hospitalization. Diabetes mellitus, rCBV ratio and regional time to peak (rTTP) ratio showed statically significant differences in both groups. Multi-variate analysis indicated that history of diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR), 6.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.55–24.24] and a low rCBV ratio (rCBV, <0.85; OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 1.4–30.27) was significantly correlated with EPI.ConclusionThe incidence of EPI is considerable in patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We suggest that rCBV ratio is a useful neuro-imaging parameter to predict EPI. 相似文献
13.
Mi Shen Peiyi Gao Qian Zhang Lina Jing Hongyi Yan Hao Li 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2018,27(11):3387-3392
Background
Deep subcortical infarction is a major subtype of stroke in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between characteristics of MCA plaque and features of deep subcortical infarction.Methods
Patients with recent acute ischemic stroke and deep subcortical infarction were prospectively enrolled. Both multicontrast brain sequences and 3D high-resolution vessel wall imaging (VWI) sequences were scanned for all patients. MCA plaque characteristics, including plaque presence, location, maximum vessel wall thickness (Max WT), signal intensity and luminal stenosis, and deep subcortical infarction features, including lowest infarct layer index (LILI), area, volume, maximum area, and infarct quantity were evaluated. Infarct feature differences were compared between MCA plaque+ group and MCA plaque? group. The correlations between MCA plaque characteristics and deep subcortical infarction features were analyzed.Results
Of all 50 patients included in this study, 30 (60%) had MCA plaques. All deep subcortical infarction was single lesion for patients without MCA plaque. The average number of deep subcortical infarction for patients with MCA plaque was 3.10 ± 4.44. The LILI (P?=?.036) and infarct quantity (P?=?.030) showed significant differences between 2 groups. Max WT (P?=?.025) and stenosis degree (P?=?.023) were negatively correlated with LILI. Intraplaque hemorrhage was positively correlated with maximum area (P?=?.029) and infarct volume (P?=?.030).Conclusions
MCA plaque characteristics were correlated with deep subcortical infarct features. Magnetic resonance VWI may provide more information for etiological evidence of deep subcortical infarction. 相似文献14.
不开颅的大脑中动脉供血区梗塞动物模型 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
用不开颅的方法将血管内凝集剂从Wistar鼠颈内动脉注入,制成左大脑中动脉供血区局灶性脑缺血模型,并对鼠的血压,心电,体温,呼吸,脑电,血氧饱和度和血糖进行了监测,记录了这一模型的神经功能缺失程度,梗塞灶的体积和病理变化,实验结果表明局灶性缺血鼠的神经功能缺失评分多为2或3级,其梗塞灶主要位于第一感觉运行区,第二感觉运动区,外侧中央前区,内侧中央前区和基底节区,病理上表现为典型的缺血性改变,这一模 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄致血小板活化机制及其与动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的关系。方法:采用超高磁场(3.0T)MRA和流式细胞仪分别测定78例脑梗死患者大脑中动脉和周围血血小板表面糖蛋白CD62_p、Ⅱ_b-Ⅲ_a表达,并与45例非脑梗死头晕患者对比。结果:78例脑梗死患者见MCA狭窄71例(91.03%),其中轻度MCA狭窄24例,中度MCA狭窄27例,高度MCA狭窄20例;其相应CD62p、Ⅱ_b-Ⅲ_a表达阳性率分别达(4.07±2.99)%、(1.33±0.64)%:(4.96±4.54)%、(2.20±0.87)%和(6.01±4.34)%、(2.31±1.06)%,高度MCA狭窄者活化血小板明显高于正常者和轻度狭窄者(P<0.05)。结论:MCA动脉狭窄引起血管剪切力重构,导致血小板活化,是动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死血栓形成的重要机制。 相似文献
17.
甘露醇治疗缺血性脑水肿的实验研究 总被引:42,自引:0,他引:42
目的重新评价甘露醇治疗脑水肿的效果,并探讨其作用机制,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法用线栓法制成SD大鼠大脑中动脉缺血性脑水肿模型,分别静注20%甘露醇1g/kg×6次、1g/kg×3次、0.5g/kg×3次,10分钟内输完,间隔2h一次。设6次、3次生理盐水对照组,治疗后2h分别测定大脑两半球的脑组织水含量(BWC)。结果(1)3次(1g/kg)组脑水肿区BWC与对照组比较明显降低,而6次(1g/kg)组则无差别,6次组BWC明显高于3次组。(2)3次(1g/kg)及3次(0.5g/kg)组脑水肿区BWC与对照组比较明显降低,但两组间BWC无差别。结论半量及全量甘露醇治疗具有相同的脱水效果,但其效果随着使用次数增加而减弱甚至可加重脑水种 相似文献
18.
近2年在我科住院经CT证实的大脑中动脉供血区完全梗塞25例,其中脑栓塞18例,占72%,脑血栓形成7例,占28%,主要临床表现:意识障碍100%,凝视麻痹100%,三偏症状100%,死亡11例(44%),存活14例(56%)。提示:本病多为脑栓塞所致,典型临床表现为伴有意识障碍,凝视麻痹的三偏综合征,CT检查可确诊本病并排除脑出血,本病脑栓塞组及脑血栓形成组在临床表现上有一定差异. 相似文献
19.
目前对大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)狭窄的诊断方法包括两方面,即影像学技术和多普勒超声检查。影像学技术中数字减影血管造影术(digital subtract angiography,DSA)为诊断MCA狭窄的金标准。经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler sonography,TCD)由于操作便捷、价廉,已成为缺血性脑血管病血管狭窄病因方面的筛查工具。本文总结了国内外应用不同技术对诊断MCA狭窄的研究,着重阐明了TCD在此方面的应用,旨在提出一个合理、经济的检查顺序,优化医疗资源配置。 相似文献
20.
Jung Hwan Lee Jun Kyeung Ko Sang Weon Lee Chang Hwa Choi 《Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society》2007,42(5):413-415
A 26-year-old man was admitted to our department due to intermittent left hemiparesis for 3 months. Magnetic resonance image showed subacute infarction in the right precentral gyrus. Digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an aneurysmal protrusion at the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. It was difficult to differentiate the aneurysm from the occlusion of the middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. Brain single photon emission computerized tomography showed a decrease in perfusion in the right posterior frontal lobe without vascular reserve. Therefore, we planned a superficial temporal artery-MCA anastomosis with an exploration of the right MCA bifurcation. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal opacification on preoperative angiography proved to be the proximal stump of the occluded middle trunk of the MCA trifurcation. An aneurysmal protrusion at the MCA bifurcation does not always indicate an aneurysm. In diagnosing protruding vascular lesions at the MCA bifurcation, the possibility of a vascular stump should be considered according to their angioanatomical appearance and the history of the patient. 相似文献