外固定架治疗锁骨中远端骨折脱位的疗效分析

目的探讨应用外固定架治疗锁骨中远端骨折脱位的疗效。方法自2012-06—2014-01对74例锁骨骨折采用外固定架治疗,其中锁骨中段横形骨折35例,长斜形不稳定骨折8例,开放性骨折2例,骨不连3例,肩锁关节脱位20例,锁骨远端骨折6例。结果所有患者获得8~12个月,平均10.5个月的随访,外固定架保留时间为8~10周,平均9.3周。末次随访时肩关节功能优良好,骨折均获骨性愈合。所有患者对其肩关节外观和治疗结果均表示满意,但在随防中发现有3例长斜形不稳定骨折发生了移位。结论外固定架在治疗锁骨中段远端横形骨折、开放性骨折、骨不连、肩锁关节脱位具有良好的疗效,但在治疗长斜形锁骨骨折时应慎用。     

钛制弹性髓内钉治疗成人锁骨中段骨折的初步报告

目的探讨钛制弹性髓内钉治疗成人锁骨中段骨折的初步效果。方法2005年2月～2006年3月，采用切开复位、自锁骨胸骨端插入钛制弹性髓内钉内固定治疗21例有移位的锁骨中1／3骨折患者。术后1d开始耸肩训练，肩关节不负重被动活动功能训练2周，术后3周允许肩关节外展超过90°。结果21例患者术后获平均7．8个月（5～11个月）随访。所有骨折均获愈合，平均愈合时间为2．1个月（1．7～2．4个月）。肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分平均为（92．1±4．5）分。8例出现钉尾部皮肤刺激症状，但无一例发生破溃。结论钛制弹性髓内钉内固定是治疗成人锁骨中段骨折的有效方法之一，具有创伤小、美观、愈合率高及肩关节功能恢复好的优点。     

钛制弹性髓内钉治疗成人锁骨中段骨折的临床评价

目的 探讨钛制弹性髓内钉(TEN)治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效.方法 2005年2月至2007年2月收治41例移位的成人锁骨中段骨折,均在伤后1周内行有限切开复位,自锁骨胸骨端插入TEN内固定.结果 41例患者术后获平均14.5个月(7～24个月)随访.所有骨折均获愈合,平均愈合时间为1.8个月.术后3 d的主观疼痛较术前有显著降低(t=3.26,P<0.01).肩关节活动度:术前前屈平均25.6°,术后2周前埔平均95°,差异有统计学意义(t=2.81,P<0.01);术前外展平均23.5°,术后2周外展平均88.5°,差异有统计学意义(t=2.93,P<0.01).平均7.2个月(5.4～9.5个月)后取出TEN,没有出现再骨折.最后随访时,肩关节的Constant评分平均为95.2分(86.5～97.0分),DASH评分平均为2.5分(0.5～8.0分),肩关节活动度:前屈平均155°,外展平均160°.1例出现TEN远端穿出骨皮质.结论 TEN治疗成人锁骨中段明显移位骨折是一种安全、微创的手术方法.     

重建钢板治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床分析

目的 探讨重建钢板在治疗锁骨中段骨折中的临床效果.方法 对61例锁骨中段骨折行重建钢板固定.进行回顾性分析.结果 61例平均随访4～23个月,骨折全部愈合,无钢板螺钉松动、骨不愈合、畸形愈合、感染等并发症.Constant评分平均95.8分.结论 重建钢板治疗锁骨中段骨折有助于肩关节远期功能恢复,具有固定牢固、并发症少,并能最大限度减少锁骨缩短等优点.     

小切口逆行穿针粗空心钉固定治疗锁骨中段骨折

目的介绍大口径中空加压螺钉逆行穿钉治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床方法。方法 2008年12月至2009年8月,手术治疗34例锁骨中段骨折患者,其中32例采用大口径空心螺钉逆行固定,采用Neer肩关节活动评分对患肩进行评价。结果所有病例均获随访,时间4～8个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间3～5个月。平均3.5个月。无空心螺钉松动、弯曲、断裂及骨折错位等发生。按Neer肩关节活动功能评分标准,本组平均97分。结论大口径中空加压螺钉逆行穿钉治疗锁骨中段骨折是一种简单,快捷,疗效确实的手术方式。     

Eyres Ⅲ A型喙突骨折的手术治疗

目的总结EyresⅢA型喙突骨折手术治疗方法及效果。方法 2010年8月-2014年8月,采用锁骨钩钢板固定肩关节联合喙突骨折解剖复位后2枚空心钉固定治疗4例EyresⅢA型喙突骨折患者。男3例,女1例;年龄36~41岁,平均39岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤3例,机器伤1例。伤后至入院时间2~12 h,平均6 h。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、皮肤坏死等术后早期并发症发生。4例均获随访12个月。术后4个月取出锁骨钩钢板,保留空心钉。术后8个月CT示骨折完全愈合。随访期间无肩关节再脱位,内固定物松动、断裂,继发骨折等发生。术后12个月根据Neer肩关节功能评分标准评分为83~87分,平均85分。结论对于EyresⅢA型喙突骨折,采用锁骨钩钢板固定肩关节联合喙突骨折解剖复位后2枚空心钉固定可行且疗效满意。     

体外钢板固定治疗锁骨中段骨折(附31例报告)

[目的]探讨自行研制的体外钢板治疗锁骨中段骨折的疗效.[方法] 2007年6月～2011年1月,对31例锁骨中段骨折患者采用锁骨体外钢板同定治疗.受伤至手术时间为2～6d,平均3.5d.根据Edward对锁骨骨折愈合的评价指标制定疗效判断标准.[结果]本组病例经9～25个月,平均16个月的随访,骨折均获骨性愈合.0按上述标准评定:优24例,良5例,中2例.[结论]体外钢板固定治疗锁骨中段骨折具有固定可靠,创伤小,无需二期手术取出内固定等优点,有望成为治疗锁骨骨折一种较为理想的术式.     

空心钉髓内固定治疗CraigA型锁骨骨折

目的探讨空心钉治疗锁骨Craig A型骨折的手术治疗方法及临床疗效。方法对42例锁骨骨折(Craig A型)采用空心钉髓内固定术。结果所有患者均获得随访,空心钉组Neer评分平均分为96.6分。X线片证实全部骨折愈合,骨平均愈合时间(13.8±6.5)周,无感染、局部皮肤坏死、骨折不愈合。有退钉(6例),骨折移位(1例)情况发生,予以保护性控制活动后,骨折顺利愈合。与钢板组对照,手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间有明显差异,Neer肩关节功能评分无差异。结论采用空心钉治疗Craig A型锁骨骨折创伤小、骨折愈合时间快、功能恢复满意。     

成人锁骨中段移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗成人锁骨中段移位骨折的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2010年12月手术治疗118例成人单纯锁骨中段移位骨折,男93例,女25例;年龄18～85岁,平均47.6岁.骨折按Robinson分类:2A2型4侧,2B1型61侧,2B2型55侧,均为闭合性骨折.均行切开复位,用重建接骨板固定,7例于骨折处植骨.按美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节评分标准(Ellman法)评定术后功能.结果 107例患者术后获6～43个月(平均16.0个月)随访.伤口均一期愈合,无感染发生.骨折均获骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为10周.3例出现内固定失效.按UCLA肩关节评分标准(Ellman法)评定术后功能:优56例,良47例,可4例,优良率为96.3％.结论 对于成人锁骨中段移位骨折,一期采用切开复位、接骨板内固定疗效较好.     

锁定钢板内固定治疗成人锁骨中段粉碎性骨折

[目的]回顾性分析运用锁定钢板内固定技术治疗锁骨中段粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.[方法]本组21例,男16例,女5例,年龄23 ～58岁,平均37岁.手术时间为伤后1～3d.采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定术治疗,术后统计手术时间、骨折愈合时间及并发症发生情况,并对肩关节功能进行Constant and Murley评分.[结果]21例患者均获随访,时间12 ～30个月,平均19个月.骨折临床愈合时间平均14周(10 ～ 18周),无1例感染、骨不愈合或畸形愈合,无内固定物松动、断裂.Constant and Murley评分85 ～98分,平均92.6分,肩关节功能均恢复满意.[结论]锁定钢板内固定技术治疗成人锁骨中段粉碎性骨折临床疗效满意,是一种理想的内固定方法.     

Does delay matter? The restoration of objectively measured shoulder strength and patient-oriented outcome after immediate fixation versus delayed reconstruction of displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle

Outcome after surgical treatment for nonunion and malunion of midshaft displaced clavicle fractures has generally been described as favorable and equal to results of acute repair. This assumption has been based on subjective criteria, however, and no direct comparison is available in the literature. This study used objective measurements of limb function to compare outcome in patients who underwent delayed operative intervention for nonunion and malunion with the outcome of patients who underwent immediate open reduction and internal fixation after displaced clavicle fracture. All patients had sustained completely displaced, closed, isolated midshaft clavicle fractures, of whom 15 had undergone acute open reduction and internal fixation with a compression plate at a mean of 0.6 months after injury (acute group). Another 15 patients had undergone delayed reconstruction with open reduction, bone grafting, and compression plate fixation for nonunion or malunion a mean of 63 months after injury (delayed group). The 2 groups were similar in age, gender, original fracture characteristics, and mechanism of injury. Complete assessment included standard history and physical examination, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Constant Shoulder Score, subjective rating of outcome satisfaction, and objective muscle strength testing using a previously validated and published protocol on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator. There were no significant differences between acute fixation and delayed reconstruction groups with regard to strength of shoulder flexion (acute, 94%; delayed, 93%; P = .82), shoulder abduction (acute, 97%; delayed, 97%; P = .92), external rotation (acute, 97%; delayed, 90%; P = .11), or internal rotation (acute, 98%; delayed, 96%; P = .55). Constant scores in the acute group were superior (acute, 95; delayed, 89; P = .02), but differences in DASH scores were not significant (acute, 3.0; delayed, 7.2; P = .15). Shoulder flexion muscle endurance was significantly decreased in the delayed group (acute, 109%; delayed, 80%; P = .05). Differences in muscle endurance in other planes were not significantly different (abduction endurance: acute, 107%; delayed, 81%; P = .24). Both groups rated their satisfaction with the procedure as excellent. Late reconstruction of nonunion and malunion after displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle is a reliable and reproducible procedure that results in restoration of objective muscle strength similar to that seen with immediate fixation; however, there are subtle decreases in endurance strength and outcome compared with acute fracture repair. This information should not be used to justify primary operative repair in isolation but is useful in decision-making when counseling patients with displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle.     

Modified hybrid fixator for high-energy Schatzker V and VI tibial plateau fractures

High-energy tibial plateau fractures associated with severe soft tissue injury are difficult to manage. The risk of wound complications following open reduction and internal fixation is notably high owing to extensive soft tissue dissection. Alternatively, application of hybrid external fixator minimizes soft tissue dissection and provides adequate fracture stabilization to allow early range of motion and correction of any mal-alignment. With this technique, soft tissue complications particularly surgical site infections are expected to be significantly reduced. This prospective study aims to determine the effectiveness of a modified hybrid external fixator in the management of high-energy tibial plateau fractures. Thirty-three patients with high-energy Schatzker V and VI tibial plateau fracture with severe soft tissue injury precluding formal open reduction were enrolled into the study. The fixator was a construct combining the Ilizarov ring with a monolateral external fixator. The results—bony union, range of motion, and associated complications of the treatment—were assessed. All fractures united within an average time of 14 weeks. Neither loss of reduction nor surgical site wound breakdown/osteomyelitis was noted. Eight patients developed superficial pin track infection and one septic arthritis of the knee joint. Hybrid external fixation is a safe option for complex high-energy tibial plateau fractures by simultaneously providing adequate fracture stabilization and protection of soft tissue healing to achieve bony union. The complication is mainly related to pin tract infection.     

Reconstruction of infected nonunion of the distal humerus by Ilizarov external fixator

BackgroundInfected nonunion of the distal humerus represents a true challenge as the fragment is usually small and difficult for fixation. The aim of the present study is to assess the results of Ilizarov external fixator in management of infected nonunion of the distal third humerus.Material and methodsTwenty-three patients with infected nonunion of the distal humerus were included in this study. The ages ranged from 19 to 58 years with an average of 35 years. Seventeen cases were males and 6 were females. All patients were treated by radical debridement and application of Ilizarov external fixator in one stage surgery.ResultsBony union was achieved in all cases. Bone graft was required in 12 patients with hypotrophic nonunion. The external fixation time ranged from 4 to 9 months with an average of 5.6 months. Infection was controlled in all cases without recurrence during the period of follow up. The complications included pin tract infection in 7 cases, radial nerve injury in one case, elbow stiffness in 4 cases and refracture after frame removal in one case.ConclusionIlizarov external fixator is effective in management of infected nonunion of the distal humerus. The thin tensioned wires produce good grip in the small or osteoporotic bone fragments.     

组合式外固定架治疗胫腓骨骨折

目的探讨组合式外固定支架治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床意义、疗效及指征。方法回顾分析自1996年1月至2001年11月间采用组合式外固定支架治疗的胫腓骨骨折152例,其中开放性骨折63例,闭合性骨折89例。采用小切口直视下解剖复位45例。改良了螺纹半针代替拉力螺钉治疗斜形、螺旋形或蝶块分离较大的不稳定性骨折。结果随访3～32个月,平均12个月,146例骨性愈合,占96%。骨折愈合时间2～8个月,平均5个月。其中解剖复位螺纹半针折块间加压组2.5个月,功能复位组5.3个月。带外固定架时间2～9个月,平均4.7个月。术后17例针道轻度感染,3例胫腓骨远端重度开放性骨折术后骨髓炎,无其它严重并发症发生。6例骨折不愈合的患者改为带锁髓内钉固定后愈合。结论组合式外固定架适用于严重开放性、粉碎性及邻近关节面的骨折。小切口直视下解剖复位有利于骨折的早期愈合。     

Distal tibial hypertrophic nonunion with deformity: treatment by fixator-assisted acute deformity correction and LCP fixation

Distal tibial hypertrophic nonunion with angular deformity has been successfully treated by circular external fixator. The inconvenience of the bulky external fixator and frequent pin tract infection would not be accepted in certain cases. This study included thirteen patients (mean age 39 years) with angular deformity of the distal dia-/metaphyseal tibial shaft. Five patients were originally treated by interlocking nail, three were treated by plate and screws fixation, four treated conservatively and one had deformity secondary to fracture of a lengthening regenerate. All patients were treated by osteotomy and acute correction of the deformity using temporary unilateral fixator and internal fixation by a locking compression plate (LCP). The external fixator was removed at the end of surgery. The results were evaluated both clinically and radiologically. All osteotomies healed within 3 (2–4) months. All patients were able to work within an average of 2.3 months. The function of the upper ankle joint was unrestricted in twelve cases, and in 1 case there was a mild functional deficit. The mean follow-up was 60 months (24–120). The frontal plane alignment parameters (the mechanical axis deviation, the lateral distal tibial angle and the medial proximal tibial angle) and the sagittal alignment parameters (the posterior proximal tibial angle and the anterior distal tibial angle) were within normal values postoperatively. No cases of deep infection or failure of fixation were encountered. Acute correction of distal tibial shaft hypertrophic nonunion with deformity and LCP fixation is a reliable option in well-selected cases.     

单边外固定器治疗股骨髁上髁间复杂性骨折

目的探讨应用单边外固定器治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的适应证及治疗效果。方法21例股骨髁上髁间粉碎性骨折患．先采用膝前内侧切口。行股骨髁间骨折复位，解剖复位关节面，于股骨外髁部定位直视下用特制外固定螺纹针加压固定两髁部骨折。透视下闭合牵引复位髁上骨折，并撬拨整复游离骨折片，于骨折近端定位置人外固定针。安装紧固外固定器行骨折固定。结果随访时间8～24个月。平均13．2个月。骨折在4～7个月内全部愈合，并去除外固定器。2例患外固定针道感染，经去除固定针局部换药后愈合。根据Rasumssen评分(总分30分，膝关节活动功能0～6分)评价患膝关节功能恢复情况，优良16例(76．2％)，一般4例(19％)，差1例(4．8％)。结论单边骨外固定器治疗股骨髁上髁间复杂性骨折，具有创伤小。血运破坏少。骨折复位满意，可以早期功能练习等优点。尤其适用于应用内固定难以处理的长节段股骨髁上髁间粉碎性骨折，外固定器可多向、多部位调节，对骨折起到牵引、复位和固定的作用。     

有限切开复位内固定加超关节外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折23例分析

目的总结有限切开复位螺钉内固定加超关节骨外固定支架治疗Pilon骨折的临床效果。方法23例Pilon骨折患者,均行有限切开复位螺钉内固定加超关节骨外固定支架固定。结果23例均获随访,平均时间12(10～16)个月,无切口、伤口及钉道感染,无神经、血管损伤等并发症,骨愈合过程中复位的关节面骨折块无位移。按Tenny和Wiss等踝关节症状和功能评分法,术后评分平均89(78～93)分,踝关节功能评定优3例,良14例,可6例,优良率73.9%。按Burwell和Charnley踝关节关节面骨折复位评分法,优良者17例,中等6例。结论有限内固定加外固定支架固定是治疗Pilon骨折的较好方法。     

Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴骨缺损

目的 探讨Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合的疗效.方法 2000年9月至2006年6月共收治胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴骨缺损患者14例,男11例,女3例;年龄19～49岁,平均31.9岁;胫骨近端3例,中段8例,远端3例.原始损伤:5例为开放骨折钢板内固定,3例为开放骨折髓内钉内固定,4例为开放骨折外固定架固定,2例为闭合骨折钢板内固定术后所致.患者自受伤至此次治疗时间为2～24个月,平均7.54个月;手术次数平均6次(3～14次).根据Jain骨缺损和感染程度分型:A2型5例,B1型2例,B2型7例.窦道形成10例,骨外露4例;骨外露面积最大7 cm×5 cm,最小2 cm×1 cm;清创后骨缺损长度3～12 cm,平均6.71 cm.14例患者均采用清创联合Ilizarov技术自体骨段延长治疗.结果 14例患者均获8个月～6年(平均20个月)随访,均获稳定骨折愈合.住院时间1～7个月,平均3个月;骨折愈合时间6～12个月,平均7.79个月;骨外固定时间8～14个月,平均9.64个月.并发症:针道感染1例,皮肤过敏1例,骨折畸形愈合再截骨1例,提前矿化再截骨1例,断针1例,无深部感染、骨折不愈合和膝关节僵直发生.根据Paley骨折愈合评分标准:优13例,良1例.结论 Ilizarov骨段延长是治疗胫骨感染性骨折不愈合伴大段骨缺损的一种有效方法.     

混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术治疗感染性骨不连

目的评价混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术治疗长骨干骺端感染性骨不连的初步临床结果。方法2003年1月至2006年2月采用混合式单臂外固定架固定、局部清创和截骨延长法治疗感染性骨不连21例,男17例,女4例;年龄18～48岁,平均31.5岁。16例为开放骨折内固定术后感染,5例为闭合骨折内固定术后感染。胫骨近端12例,胫骨远端6例,股骨远端3例。12例行骨折端植骨,其中2例二次植骨。结果21例术后随访10～36个月,平均18个月。18例骨折获得初期愈合,3例骨折愈合时仍有局部窦道和渗液,2例骨折尚未完全愈合,1例行截肢术,20例感染得到控制。改良ASAMI骨评定结果为优良13例,中4例,差4例;功能评定结果为优良11例,中6例,差4例。平均骨延长5.6cm,平均愈合时间为11个月。15例发生钉道感染。结论对长骨干骺端感染性骨不连可使用混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术、骨折端开放换药的方法。该方法控制感染好,可自体修复骨缺损,供区畸形发生率低。但固定需采用HA涂层螺钉,严格控制延长速度,一般在1mm/d以内,分次进行延长,手术风险小。     

Comparison of treatment of fracture midshaft clavicle in adults by external fixator with conservative treatment

PurposeHigh rate of malunion and non union in displaced fracture clavicle treated conservatively lead to use of different types of internal fixation methods which also were found to be associated with various complications. Moreover their superiority over conservative treatment has not been established. This study was designed to compare clinical outcome of conservative treatment with external fixator in cases with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.MethodsFifty adult consenting cases of acute midshaft fracture clavicle, displaced >15 mm were included. Twenty five cases were allotted to conservative (group A) and external fixator (group B) each. In group A treatment was given in form of clavicle brace. In group B schanz pins were inserted obliquely between supero-inferior and anterior-posterior direction and connected with rod. The outcome was measured by Constant score, union time and complications.ResultsMean radiographic union time in group A was 23.45 ± 1.40 weeks (with 8% non union and 80% malunion) and in group B it was 9.36 ± 1.49 weeks. Mean Constant score at 6 months in group A was 78.28 ± 6.45 and in group B 92.72 ± 1.48. Mean shortening at 6 months in group A was 19.36 mm. In group B shortening at 6 months was noticed in three cases (6, 5, 6 mm).ConclusionClose reduction of acute fracture mid clavicle and application of external fixator is a simple procedure providing the benefits of rigid fixation and undisturbed fracture environment. Pain relief is faster, union time is shorter and there are no hardware related problems.