中西医结合治疗足月新生儿黄疸146例疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗新生儿黄疸的退黄效果与安全性。方法将432例足月新生儿黄疸患儿随机分为单纯光疗组140例、茵栀黄口服液+光疗组146例、益生菌(酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌、婴儿型双歧杆菌)+茵栀黄口服液+光疗组146例。单纯光疗组:单面蓝光照射治疗每日16h;茵栀黄口服液+光疗组:在单纯光疗组治疗基础上给予茵栀黄口服液每次5mL,每日2次;益生菌+茵栀黄口服液+光疗组:在茵栀黄口服液+光疗组治疗基础上给予益生菌(酪酸梭菌二联活菌散)口服,每次1袋,每日2次,应用5～7d。定期测定血清胆红素,记录治疗过程中胆红素水平及副反应发生情况。结果单纯光疗组血清胆红素的下降慢于茵栀黄口服液+光疗组、益生菌+茵栀黄口服液+光疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);茵栀黄口服液+光疗组血清胆红素的下降慢于益生菌+茵栀黄口服液+光疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。益生菌+茵栀黄口服液+光疗组治疗过程中腹泻、红臀、体质量下降的发生明显减少,与单纯光疗组和茵栀黄口服液+光疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中茵栀黄口服液+光疗组腹泻的发生率最高。结论茵栀黄口服液和益生菌均可加速蓝光治疗患儿的胆红素消退,两者联合可使光疗患...     

持续和间歇蓝光照射治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效比较

目的比较两种不同时长蓝光照射治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效。方法符合光疗指征的新生儿高胆红素血症176例。其中80例持续光疗24 h×2 d为对照组;96例持续光疗12 h、休息12 h×2 d为观察组;比较两组疗效,药物应用茵栀黄、清蛋白等。结果对照组血清总胆红素下降63.92μmol/L,观察组血清总胆红素下降64.53μmol/L,两组治疗结果比较差异无显著性(t=1.63 P>0.05);两组不良反应比较有显著差异。结论两种不同时长蓝光照射治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效均显著,间歇光疗有不良反应少、方便喂养,易于护理等优点。     

思密达治疗新生儿高胆红素血症45例

新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿常见疾病 ,在医院设备所限无法用光疗的情况下 ,给予茵栀黄退黄及保肝等综合治疗 ,但疗效不十分满意。思密达用于治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸文献中已有报道[1] 。我们用思密达口服辅助治疗新生儿高胆红素血症 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下。资料与方法一、对象　 1999年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月我院收治的 4 5例新生儿高胆红素血症 ,日龄均 <2 8d ,均符合病理性黄疸诊断标准[2 ] 。总胆红素 <342 .0 μmol/L(2 0mg/dl) ,未成熟儿总胆红素 <2 5 6 .5 μmol/L(15mg/dl)。感染性黄疸 14例 ,头颅血肿 8例 ,母乳性黄疸 13例 ,溶血…     

茵栀黄治疗新生儿黄疸的作用及适应症探讨(附200例前瞻性对照研究)

茵栀黄注射液选用茵陈蒿汤中几味主药制成,对其利胆退黄作用国内外看法分歧。我们采用茵栀黄加光疗和单纯光疗分作两组进行对照研究,以观察茵栀黄在治疗新生儿高间接胆红素血症中的确切效果,现报导如下。     

茵栀黄颗粒治疗35例轻度高胆红素血症疗效观察

目的观察茵栀黄颗粒治疗轻度高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法 35例轻度黄疸患儿,采用口服茵栀黄颗粒治疗6d,进行临床疗效判断。结果治愈2例,显效25例,有效8例。3例患儿出现轻度腹泻,停药后症状消失,无其他副反应。结论茵栀黄颗粒治疗轻度高胆红素血症疗效显著,安全性高。     

中西医结合治疗新生儿高胆红素血症32例疗效观察

新生儿高胆红素血症为一常见的新生儿疾病,胆红素脑病是其严重的并发症。我院自1996年2月至1997年6月,采用中药制剂茵栀黄注射液结合西医方法治疗新生儿高胆红素血症32例,疗效显著,现报告如下:临床资料与方法根据金氏高胆的诊断标准,生后24小时内出现黄疸,胆红素浓>85umol/L,生后72小时足月儿血清胆红素浓度>204umol/L,早产儿>255umol/L,符合以上标准者诊断为高胆红素血症。一、一般资料将病儿随机分为:治疗组32例,男20例,女12例,最小30分钟,最大28天,新生儿ABO溶血症1例,母乳性黄疸综合征8例,重度窒息合并高胆红素血症3例,早产儿硬肿症…     

新生儿黄疸

新生儿黄疽是新生儿期最常见的症状，尤其是早期（一周以内）新生儿更多见。由于新生儿胆红素代谢的特点，约有50％足月儿和80％早产儿可出现肉眼可见的黄殖，一般血清脸红素浓度足月儿不超过205μmol／L（12mg/d1），早产儿不超过256μmol／L（15mg／dl），称为生理性黄疽。此时期内由于围产、感染、溶血等因素所致病理性黄疽也不少见，胆红素浓度常超过205～256μmol几，称高胆红素血症（简称高胆），主要为未结合胆红素增高，足月儿如超过308～342μmol／L（1～20mg／dl），早产儿超过171pmol／L（omg／dl），即可引起胆红素脑病可危及…     

足月儿溶血性高胆红素血症与胆红素脑病的关系

目的　研究足月儿溶血性高胆红素血症所致胆红素脑病的高危因素及干预标准。方法　对 1996～ 1999年间患溶血性高胆红素血症足月儿 2 9例分为脑病组与无脑病组 ,比较两组的血清胆红素、间接胆红素 /白蛋白(B/A)比值、开始治疗时间等与胆红素脑病的关系及两组急性期与远期预后。结果　血清总胆红素 >36 7 99μmol/L ,尤为 >4 2 8 18μmol/L、B/A比值 >1、开始治疗时间 >4 8h ,均与胆红素脑病密切相关。脑病急性期与远期预后均差。结论　为防止发生胆红素脑病 ,对患溶血性高胆红素血症之足月儿 ,当总胆红素 2 5 7～ 32 4 μmol/L、B/A <1时 ,可仅做光疗 ;总胆红素 343～ 4 2 8μmol/L时 ,若B/A <1、开始治疗时间 <4 8h ,应光疗及输白蛋白 ,若B/A≥ 1,或开始治疗时 >4 8h ,应换血 ;当总胆红素≥ 4 2 8μmol/L时 ,无论B/A比值或开始治疗时间如何 ,均应迅速换血。     

中西医结合治疗巨细胞病毒性肝炎患儿血清IL-10及IL-2水平变化

目的：探讨茵栀黄口服液对巨细胞病毒( cytomegalovirus,CMV)性肝炎患儿血清白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10)及IL-2水平的影响。方法60例患儿被分为更昔洛韦组(对照组)和茵栀黄口服液联合更昔洛韦组(治疗组),对照组更昔洛韦5 mg/kg 静脉点滴,2次/d,连用14 d;治疗组给予更昔洛韦剂量同前,加茵栀黄口服液5 ml/次,3次/d,疗程同前;各组给予常规保肝治疗。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组治疗前后IL-10、IL-2水平。结果两组治疗后IL-10较治疗前明显降低,IL-2较治疗前明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义( P<0．05),联合用药组治疗后IL-10及IL-2变化较对照组差异有统计学意义( P<0．05)。结论茵栀黄口服液显著降低了CMV肝炎患儿血清IL-10水平,同时显著升高了IL-2的水平,提示其在调节机体免疫功能方面具有一定疗效。     

苯巴比妥与尼可刹米联合治疗重症母乳性黄疸569例

新生儿黄疸又称新生儿高胆红素血症。新生儿出生后都会发生或轻或重的黄疸。新生儿黄疸大多属于生理性黄疸。占足月儿的50％，早产儿的90％。病理性黄疸少见，病因复杂。近年来发现一种介于病理性和生理性黄疸之间的黄疸。随母乳喂养的频率的增加而增加，称为母乳性黄疸。母乳性黄疸大多无需特殊治疗，我科收治的569例黄疸患儿，其中83例较重，胆红素〉12mg,／dl，1min胆红素〉200mg／dl，笔者采用了苯巴比妥加尼可刹米联合停母乳喂养治疗，收到了好的效果，现报告如下。     

茵陈颗粒治疗新生儿高胆红素血症效果分析

目的 探讨茵陈颗粒治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效及退黄机理.方法 选择2012年8月至2013年7月我院新生儿科收治的高胆红素血症新生儿,抽签分为观察组和对照组,均给予原发病治疗、光疗及口服微生态制剂,观察组加服茵陈配方颗粒（2g/包）每次1/3包,3次/天,共6天.两组患儿治疗前、治疗第4天、第7天分别检测血清总胆红素水平,收集每日尿液、粪便,测定并比较两组粪便中总胆红素、直接胆红素、尿胆原及尿液中胆红素、尿胆原含量.结果 研究期间共入选67例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿,其中观察组28例,对照组39例.两组患儿治疗前血清总胆红素值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后观察组血清总胆红素下降值明显高于对照组[第4天：（107.3＆#177;49.4） μmol/L比（87.6＆#177;43.4） μmol/L,第7天：（178.4＆#177;53.3） μmol/L比（144.5＆#177;48.8） μmol/L,P＜0.05].观察组每日粪便有形成分总量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组每日粪便中总胆红素及直接胆红素含量均高于对照组[第1天：总胆红素（3.44＆#177;1.17） μmol比（2.26＆#177;1.02） μmol,直接胆红素（2.42＆#177;0.86） μmol比（1.76＆#177;0.92）μmol,第4天：总胆红素（1.96＆#177;1.33） μmol比（1.32＆#177;1.28） μmol,直接胆红素（1.62＆#177;1.13） μmol比（0.98＆#177;0.65）μmol,P＜0.05];两组粪便中尿胆原及尿液中尿胆红素、尿胆原均阴性.结论 中药制剂茵陈颗粒通过减少胆红素肠肝循环,增加粪便中胆红素排出,从而加快黄疸消退,可作为治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的辅助药物.     

脐血胆红素预测新生儿黄疸的意义

目的研究脐带血胆红素水平预测足月健康新生儿后续黄疸程度的价值。方法523例足月健康新生儿,测定脐血胆红素、白蛋白水平,监测每日经皮胆红素值（TCB）。对时龄0—24hTCB≥18;-48hTCB≥21;-72hTCB≥25;〉72h≥25者,送检静脉血血清胆红素值（TSB）,考虑是否需要光疗。将新生儿按脐血胆红素水平分为〈30μmol／L;≥30μmoL／L;≥36μmol／L;≥42μmoL／L,共4组。比较4组新生儿TCB≥25、TSB〉205μmol／L、TSB〉257μmoL／L及需要光疗的发生率。对脐血胆红素水平预告新生儿黄疸进行分析。比较黄疸组新生儿和非黄疸组新生儿临床特征。结果脐血胆红素水平升高,各组新生儿TCB≥25、TSB〉205μmol／L、TSB〉257μmoL／L和需要光疗的发生率增加。脐血胆红素水平用于预测新生儿黄疸发生有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。黄疸组新生儿脐血胆红素值显著高于非黄疸组（t=10．96,P〈0．001）。而脐血清白蛋白值（t=2．38,P〉0．05）、妊娠周数（t=-0．90,P〉0．05）、出生体重（t=0．10,P〉0．05）比较,两组均无统计学差异。结论脐血胆红素水平用于预测足月健康新生儿后续黄疸的程度是一种有效的方法。     

A randomized controlled trial of fluid supplementation in term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluid supplementation in decreasing the rate of exchange transfusion and the duration of phototherapy in term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary care referral unit in northern India. Seventy-four term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 18 mg/dL [308 micromol/L] to < 25 mg/dL [427 micromol/L]). The subjects were randomized to an "extra fluids" group (intravenous fluid supplementation for 8 hours and oral supplementation for the duration of phototherapy; n = 37) or a control group (n = 37). RESULTS: At inclusion, 54 infants (73%) had high serum osmolality, including 28 (75%) in the extra fluids group and 26 (70%) in the control group. The proportion of infants who underwent exchange transfusion was lower in the extra fluids group than in the control group: 6 (16%) versus 20 (54%)(P = .001; relative risk = 0.30; 95% confidence interval = 0.14 to 0.66). The duration of phototherapy was also shorter in the extra fluids group: 52 +/- 18 hours versus 73 +/- 31 hours (P = .004). CONCLUSION: Fluid supplementation in term neonates presenting with severe hyperbilirubinemia decreased the rate of exchange transfusion and duration of phototherapy.     

Early corticosteroid treatment does not affect severity of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in extreme low birth weight preterm infants

Aim: To determine the relationship between early postnatal dexamethasone (DXM) treatment and the severity of hyperbilirubinemia in extreme low birth weight (ELBW) preterm infants. Methods: In 54 ELBW preterm infants, total serum bilirubin concentrations (TSB) and phototherapy (PT) data during the first 10 days were evaluated retrospectively. ELBW infants had participated in a randomized controlled trial of early DXM treatment which aimed to assess effects on chronic lung disease. Infants had been treated with DXM (0.25 mg/kg twice daily at postnatal day 1 and 2) or with placebo (normal saline). Analysis was performed on an intention to treat basis. Results: Twenty‐five Infants had been randomized into the DXM group; 29 into the placebo group. Mean (±SD) TSB [120 (±19) μmol/L vs. 123 (±28) μmol/L, DXM versus placebo, respectively] and maximum TSB [178 (±23) μmol/L vs. 176 (±48), DXM versus placebo, respectively] concentrations were similar. TSB concentrations peaked 30 h earlier in the DXM group (p ≤ 0.05). The need for PT as well as the duration of PT was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Early DXM treatment does not affect the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ELBW preterm infants. Our results seem compatible with the concept that factors other than bilirubin conjugation capacity are important for the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice in ELBW preterm infants.     

不同方法对重症新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效观察

探讨不同治疗方法对重症新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗效果 ,将 43例重症新生儿高胆红素血症患儿 (达换血标准 )按治疗方法分为 3组。光疗组 1 5例 ,予以药物治疗及光疗直至退黄 ;丙球组 1 6例 ,药物及光疗同前组 ,另加静脉输注丙种球蛋白(简称丙球 )× 3d ;换血组 1 2例 ,予以换血 ,换血前后药物治疗及光疗同前二组。所有三组患儿分别于治疗前 ,治疗后第 1d、4d、7d测血胆红素。结果 :( 1 )血清胆红素值 :治疗第 1d换血组明显低于丙球组及光疗组 (P均 <0 0 1 ) ,但光疗组与丙球组之间无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5) ;治疗第 4d、7d三组间比较均有显著性差异 (P均 <0 0 1 ) ;( 2 )所需光疗时间及黄疸消退时间 :换血组明显低于丙球组及光疗组 (P均 <0 0 1 ) ,但光疗组与丙球组之间无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5) ;( 3)临床情况 :43例患儿黄疸均消退 ,换血组 1 2例无胆红素脑病、贫血发生 ;丙球组胆红素脑病 2例 ,明显贫血 5例 ;光疗组胆红素脑病 3例 ,明显贫血 5例 ,亦因拒绝输血而未予纠正。结论 :换血疗法仍然是治疗重症新生儿黄疸的最佳选择     

A randomized trial of aggressive versus conservative phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia in infants weighing less than 1500 g: Short- and long-term outcomes

OBJECTIVE

Treatment regimens for hyperbilirubinemia vary for very low birth weight infants. The present study seeks to determine whether the initiation of conservative phototherapy is as effective as aggressive phototherapy in reducing peak bilirubin levels without increasing adverse effects.

STUDY DESIGN

The present randomized, controlled study included infants with birth weights between 500 g and 1500 g, stratified into two birth weight groups. In one group, aggressive phototherapy was commenced by 12 h of age, while in the other group, conservative phototherapy was commenced if serum bilirubin levels exceeded 150 μmol/L. The primary outcome variables were peak serum bilirubin levels and hours of phototherapy. Secondary outcomes were age at peak bilirubin levels, number of infants with rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and number of adverse short- and long-term outcomes.

RESULTS

Of 174 eligible infants, 95 consented to participate −49 in the conservative arm and 46 in the aggressive arm. Ninety-two infants completed the study. There was no significant difference in peak bilirubin levels except in infants who weighed less than 1000 g −171.2±26 μmol/L (conservative) versus 139.2±46 μmol/L (aggressive); P<0.02. There was no difference in duration of phototherapy or rebound hyperbilirubinemia. There were no differences in short-term adverse outcomes. Of the 87 infants who survived until hospital discharge, 82 (94%) had some follow-up and 75 (86%) attended follow-up until 18 months corrected age. The incidence of cerebral palsy, abnormal mental developmental index at 18 months corrected age, or combined outcome of cerebral palsy and death did not significantly differ between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In infants weighing less than 1000 g, peak bilirubin levels were significantly higher using conservative phototherapy regimens and there was a tendency for poor neurodevelopmental outcome.     

高胆红素血症新生儿血清S-100蛋白及总胆红素与白蛋白比值的变化及意义

目的 研究高胆红素血症(高胆)新生儿血清S-100蛋白水平和总胆红素(TBC)与白蛋白(B/A)比值的变化,为早期预测胆红素脑损伤提供新的方法.方法 根据胎龄、体质量和是否符合黄疸干预标准将出生7 d内的84例新生儿分为足月高胆组、足月对照组、早产高胆组、早产对照组.检测4组血清S-100蛋白、TBC、白蛋白水平,计算B/A比值.结果 足月高胆组S-100蛋白含量[(0.36±0.14)μg/L]高于足月对照组[(0.25±0.07)μg/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.05),足月高胆组S-100蛋白含量与B/A比值呈正相关性(r=0.509,P＜0.05).早产高胆组S-100蛋白含量[(0.40±0.09)μg/L)高于早产对照组[(0.28±40.05)μg/L],差异有显著性(P＜0.05),S-100蛋白含量与B/A比值无相关性(r=0.356,P＞0.05).结论 血清S-100蛋白和B/A比值可作为早期预测胆红素神经毒性的敏感指标.     

Randomized controlled trial of oral versus intravenous fluid supplementation on serum bilirubin level during phototherapy of term infants with severe hyperbilirubinaemia

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rates of decrease in serum bilirubin levels in severely jaundiced healthy term infants given oral or intravenous fluid supplementation during phototherapy. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia over a 12-month period. Fifty-four healthy term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia were randomized to receive either solely enteral feeds (n = 27) or both enteral and intravenous (n = 27) fluid during phototherapy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the mean birthweight, mean gestational age, ethnic distribution, gender distribution, modes of delivery and types of feeding between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean indirect serum bilirubin (iSB) level at the time of admission to the NICU between the enteral (359 +/- 69 micromol/L [mean +/- SD]) and intravenous group (372 +/- 59 micromol/L; P = 0.4). The mean rates of decrease in iSB during the first 4 h of phototherapy were also not significantly different between the enteral group (10.4 +/- 4.9 micromol/L per h) and intravenous group (11.2 +/- 7.4 micromol/L per h; P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in the proportion of infants requiring exchange transfusion (P = 0.3) nor in the median duration of hospitalization (P = 0.7) between the two groups. No infant developed vomiting or abdominal distension during the study period. CONCLUSION: Severely jaundiced healthy term infants had similar rates of decrease in iSB levels during the first 4 h of intensive phototherapy, irrespective of whether they received oral or intravenous fluid supplementation. However, using the oral route avoided the need for intravenous cannulae and their attendant complications.     

Randomized trial of prophylactic phototherapy in the infant with very low birth weight

Twenty-two preterm infants (birth weight 850 +/- 220 gm) were randomly assigned to receive phototherapy either soon after birth or after the serum bilirubin concentration reached 5 mg/dl. Infants receiving prophylactic phototherapy were placed under lights at a significantly earlier age and lower serum bilirubin concentration than infants in the routine group (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in peak serum bilirubin concentration, age at which it peaked, rate of rise in serum bilirubin concentration, or serum bilirubin concentration at any time during the study. Infants assigned to the prophylactic phototherapy group were under lights for a significantly longer time than those in the routine group (P less than 0.05). There was a significant rise in both configurational and structural photo-isomers (P less than 0.005) independent of serum bilirubin concentration after phototherapy in all patients. These data suggest that the clinical course of hyperbilirubinemia is not altered in infants with very low birth weight receiving prophylactic phototherapy compared with infants with phototherapy begun at a bilirubin concentration of 5 mg/dl.     

普瑞博思辅助治疗新生儿高胆红素血症疗效观察

目的　观察普瑞博思对新生儿高胆红素血症的治疗作用。方法　８９ 例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组在常规治疗的同时,加用普瑞博思混悬液０．２ ｍｇ／ｋｇ,每日３ 次口服,共７ ｄ。治疗前后分别监测血清胆红素水平。结果　治疗组胆红素日均下降值为５３．１８±２６ ．３８ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,明显高于对照组的３５ ．８６±２ ．３６ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　普瑞博思用于治疗新生儿黄疸,可加速降低胆红素水平,明显缩短治疗时间。