脾损伤的CT诊断探讨

目的探讨CT对脾损伤的诊断价值.方法对58例脾损伤的CT表现进行回顾性分析,58例均做了平扫,其中28例平扫加增强性扫描28例.结果根据CT表现将脾损伤分为Ⅰ型(包膜下积血)31例;Ⅱ型(脾实质破裂)23例;Ⅲ型(混合型)4例.结论 CT诊断脾损伤准确可靠,并可做出明确分型,为临床制定治疗方案提供重要的依据.     

脾损伤的CT诊断及临床价值

目的对脾损伤CT检查进行评价，探讨CT诊断和分类的临床价值。方法对42例脾损伤的CT表现作回顾性分析。结果根据CT表现将脾损伤分为四度：Ⅰ度包膜下积血（6例）；Ⅱ度脾实质破裂（8例）；Ⅲ度脾实质破裂伴合并伤（12例）；Ⅳ度混合型（16例）。结论CT平扫描加增强检查能对脾损伤作出明显诊断与分类，对临床选择治疗方案有重要指导价值。     

脾损伤36例CT诊断分析

目的：探讨CT扫描对脾损伤的诊断和临床价值。方法：对36例脾损伤的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果：根据CT表现将脾损伤分为3型：Ⅰ型，包膜下积血18例；Ⅱ型，脾实质破裂12例；Ⅲ型，混合型6例。结论：CT能明确作出脾损伤的诊断和分型，为临床手术与否提供可靠依据。     

脾损伤的CT诊断(附36例分析)

目的 :探讨 CT扫描对脾损伤的诊断和临床价值。方法 :对 36例脾损伤的 CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果 :根据 CT表现将脾损伤分为 3型 : 型 (包膜下积血 ) 18例 , 型 (脾实质破裂 ) 12例 ; 型 (混合型 ) 6例。结论 :CT能明确作出损伤的诊断和分型 ,为外科手术与否提供可靠依据     

脾损伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ扫描对脾损伤的诊断和临床价值。方法：对３６例脾损伤的ＣＴ进行回顾性分析。结果：根据ＣＴ表现将脾损伤分为３型：Ⅰ型１８例，Ⅱ型１２例；Ⅲ型６例。结论；ＣＴ能明确作出损伤的诊断和分型，为外科手术与否提供了可靠依据。     

CT增强扫描对脾破裂的诊断价值(附90例分析)

目的:探讨CT增强扫描对外伤性脾破裂的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析90例经手术或临床证实的外伤性脾破裂的CT平扫及增强表现。结果:脾实质密度不均84例,脾周及包膜下血肿82例,腹腔积血73例,35例合并其他脏器损伤(其中肺挫伤6例、肝脏损伤17例、肾脏损伤18例),单纯平扫病例漏诊5例,增强扫描较平扫发现病变更多、病变显示更清楚。结论:螺旋CT增强扫描对脾破裂有重要的诊断价值,应作为常规检查。     

螺旋CT对脾结核的诊断价值

目的探讨脾结核的螺旋CT诊断价值及其强化表现。方法结合病理分析16例脾结核患者CT表现,CT包括平扫及门静脉期增强扫描。结果16例脾结核中脾大8例。CT表现分为四型：粟粒型2例,平扫显示不清,无增强呈稍低密度;结节型8例,平扫边界模糊,环形强化4例,无强化3例,环形强化与无强化区混杂1例;脓肿型5例,平扫边界模糊,边缘蜂房样分隔强化2例,环形强化3例;纤维钙化型1例,散在点状钙化。11例伴腹部淋巴结肿大,8例呈环形强化。结论螺旋CT对于脾结核具有重要的诊断价值,一定程度上反映了脾结核的病理改变。     

外伤性脾损伤的CT分级及临床意义

目的探讨CT扫描对脾损伤诊断与治疗临床价值。方法回顾分析我院2006～2011年收治57例经CT检查的外伤性脾损伤的临床资料。结果根据CT表现进行脾损伤分成四级:Ⅰ级7例(12.3%),主要表现为包膜下积血;Ⅱ级18例(31.6%),CT表现为脾外周撕裂;Ⅲ级21例(36.8%),CT表现为脾实质撕裂;Ⅳ级11例(19.3%),CT表现为粉碎性脾;其中Ⅰ级和部分Ⅱ级病例行保守治疗16例(28.1%),部分Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级以上行手术治疗41例(71.9%),均治愈出院。术前CT扫描诊断符合率96.3%。结论多排螺旋CT不仅为诊断脾损伤提供了直观的形态学依据,而且能较准确早期判断脾损伤的病情,并能大概估计腹腔积血量及较明确的提示合并伤;对其临床治疗方案的选择及预后的判断具有重要意义。     

钝性脾损伤非增强扫描的CT诊断

目的 探讨CT非增强扫描对脾损伤的诊断价值.方法 对经CT平扫检查并经手术及临床确诊的41例钝性脾损伤进行回顾性分析.结果 脾脏包膜下血肿12例,脾内血肿16例,脾撕裂伤19例,脾粉碎8例,伴有腹腔积血30例.无假阳性,3例假阴性,诊断准确率92.7%.结论 CT非增强扫描能够较准确的诊断脾脏钝性损伤,显示其各种表现,能够为临床治疗提供可靠依据.     

多层螺旋CT对外伤性脾破裂的诊断及临床意义

目的讨论螺旋CT对外伤性脾破裂的诊断及临床意义.方法回顾性分析32例外伤性脾破裂患者的CT影像资料,其中27例经手术证实,2例经保守随诊证实,3例死亡病例表现典型.所有患者均进行平扫,其中3例可疑及5例阴性患者进行增强扫描.结果32例均行CT平扫,平扫可明确脾破裂的24例,可疑脾破裂的3例,未见明显异常的5例,诊断敏感性84.3%、特异性75.0%.其中增强扫描后可疑及完全阴性病例患者均能明确诊断为脾破裂(敏感性100%、特异性100%).病例中完全性脾破裂6例,中心性脾破裂8例,包膜下破裂17例,其他混合性脾破裂1例.结论 CT作为一种非损伤性检查手段,能迅速、准确评估脾损伤程度及出血的部位、大小以及腹腔伴随性损伤,对外伤性脾破裂的诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性.增强扫描在外伤性脾破裂诊断中非常重要,能明显提高诊断准确率,且能够进行正确的诊断和分型,也可同时发现脾脏周围器官的损伤,并对脾破裂治疗方法的选择具有指导意义,是外伤性脾破裂最重要的检查方法之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.