A case-control study on excessive daytime sleepiness in episodic migraine

Migraine patients often complain of sleepiness, a problem that manifests both during and outside an attack, may impair the quality of life and can lead to potentially harmful situations. Findings from an uncontrolled study suggest that a high percentage of migraineurs experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). We investigated EDS in a case-control study on 100 patients with episodic migraine and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and also assessed sleep quality, anxiety and depression. Although it was found that EDS was more frequent in migraineurs than in controls (14% vs. 5%; odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval 1.1-8.9), the frequency was lower than previously reported. EDS correlated with migraine disability, sleep problems and anxiety. EDS in patients with migraine probably stems from the full constellation of headache-sleep-affective symptoms resulting from the complex clinical burden of the disease.     

Excessive daytime sleepiness and 'sleep attacks' induced by entacapone

Three patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, all of whom developed excessive daytime sleepiness and 'sleep attacks' after the administration of entacapone, are described. This is another demonstration that inappropriate daytime sleep episodes are not exclusive to dopamine agonists.     

Daytime sleepiness, sleep habits and occupational accidents among hospital nurses

AIM: This paper reports a study to determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep habits among hospital nurses and to analyse associations between excessive daytime sleepiness and different types of medical error. BACKGROUND: It has been reported that sleep disorders, and the tiredness and sleepiness brought about by sleep disorders may be associated with occupational accidents. However, to our knowledge, there has so far been no report on associations between sleep disorders, excessive daytime sleepiness in particular, and occupational accidents among hospital nurses. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study targeting 4407 nurses working in eight large general hospitals in Japan. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate their sleep patterns and experience of occupational accidents. The data were collected in 2003. RESULTS: The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness among hospital nurses in the present study was 26.0%. A statistically significant relationship was observed between having or not having occupational accidents during the past 12 months and excessive daytime sleepiness. Multiple logistic regression analyses on factors leading to occupational accidents during the past 12 months showed statistically significant associations between (1) drug administration errors and (2) shift work and age, between (1) incorrect operation of medical equipment and (2) excessive daytime sleepiness and age, and between needlestick injuries and age. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive daytime sleepiness is an important occupational health issue in hospital nurses. It is possible that occupational policies and health promotion measures, such as a provision of sleep hygiene advice and social support at worksites, would be effective in preventing occupational accidents among hospital nurses.     

慢性主观性头晕患者睡眠质量、疲劳严重度及日间嗜睡情况调查

目的对无前庭功能障碍的慢性头晕既慢性主观性头晕（CSD）患者睡眠质量、疲劳严重度、日间嗜睡以及焦虑抑郁情况进行调查。方法被调查者181例,其中CSD患者103例和对照者78例。所有参加者均完成了匹茨堡睡眠量表（PSQI）、疲劳严重度量表（FSS）、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表（ESS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）测评。同时进行了汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及焦虑量表（HAMA）测定。采用非参数检验及χ2检验进行统计分析。运用Spearman相关分析和逻辑回归法对CSD与PSQI、ESS、FSS以及焦虑抑郁之间的关系进行研究。结果 CSD患者睡眠障碍、疲劳、日间过度嗜睡的患病率分别为90.3%（93/103）、70.9%（73/103）和46.6%（48/103）。46.6%~48.5%的CSD患者存在焦虑,51.5%~55.3%存在抑郁。CSD患者与对照组相比,睡眠质量、疲劳严重度、日间嗜睡及焦虑抑郁发生率明显高于对照组（均P〈0.05或〈0.01）。逻辑回归分析显示焦虑抑郁（P〈0.01,OR=35.732,95%CI=7.690~166.023）、睡眠质量（P〈0.01,OR=7.053,95%CI=2.675~18.595）和疲劳严重度（P〈0.05,OR=2.910,95%CI=1.186~7.140）与CSD之间有显著相关性。结论焦虑抑郁、睡眠质量差、疲劳与CSD相关。CSD患者睡眠质量下降,疲劳严重,存在日间过度嗜睡,焦虑抑郁情况突出。     

The course of migraine—a diary study in unselected patients

The course of disease and the predictive value of depression and anxiety in patients with migraine were prospectively examined. We recruited 393 migraineurs through articles in newspapers and performed a follow-up examination 30 months later. At baseline and follow-up, patients underwent a semistructured interview, filled out the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and they kept a headache diary for 30 days. One hundred and fifty-one patients (38.6%) were seen at follow-up. The baseline data of patients with and without follow-up were comparable. At follow-up the number of headache days per month had decreased from 9.6 ± 5.8 to 8.1 ± 6.3 ( P  < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with chronic headache (15.4%) and medication overuse (13%) had remained stable. SDS and SAS scores were associated with a high migraine frequency and high initial SDS scores predicted high migraine frequency at follow-up. This longitudinal study in unselected patients with migraine not excluding subjects with chronic headache, medication overuse, depression or anxiety does not point towards migraine as a progressive disease in the vast majority of patients and confirms the importance of psychiatric comorbidity.     

Ictal and interictal phonophobia in migraine—a quantitative controlled study

The aim of the study was to evaluate quantitatively ictal and interictal phonophobia in episodic migraine (EM). We included subjects with EM and age- and gender-matched controls. Sound stimuli were pure tones at frequencies of 1000, 4000 and 8000 Hz. Sound aversion thresholds (SATs) were determined as the minimal sound intensity perceived as unpleasant or painful. Migraineurs were examined both between and during attacks. We compared interictal SATs in migraineurs with those in controls. We also compared ictal and interictal SATs in migraineurs. Sixty migraineurs and 52 controls were included. Interictal mean SAT of migraineurs, averaged for the three frequencies, was significantly lower than that of controls [90.4 (0.8) dB vs. 105.9 (1.1) dB, respectively, P  < 0.0001]. In migraineurs, mean ictal SAT, averaged for the three frequencies, was significantly lower than interictal SAT [76.0 (0.9) dB vs. 91.0 (0.8) dB, respectively, P  < 0.0001]. Patients with EM exhibit increased sound aversion between attacks that is further augmented during an acute attack.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者生活质量及情绪和抑郁探讨

目的 通过阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)、日间过度嗜睡(EDS)、抑郁情绪等调查量表,研究OSAHS患者与上述量表之间的相关性.方法 入组71例,其中41例OSAHS患者为患者组,30例正常人为对照组,使用健康调查量表(SF-36)评价生活质量,用Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评估EDS,Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价抑郁情绪.结果 患者组与对照组相比,其ESS评分明显升高(14.68±6.25)分vs (5.96±2.38)分(P＜0.01).其SF-36评分中有4个维度评分不同程度下降,以SF最为明显VT(59.15±22.82)分vs(80.33±11.66)分(P＜0.01);SF(80.85±14.66)分vs (90.86±6.67)分(P＜0,01);RE(76.59±15.67)分vs (92.50±6.12)分(P＜0.01).OSAHS患者组中ESS评分与SF-36评分中3个维度呈负相关(PF:r=-0.407,P＜0.01;RP:r=-0.523,P＜0.01;VT:r=-0.417,P＜0.01),其SDS评分与SF-36评分中1个维度呈负相关(SF:r=-0.381,P＜0.05).结论 OSAHS患者的生活质量较正常人群下降,并且与日间过度嗜睡、抑郁情绪明显有关.     

Are disease severity,sleep-related problems,and anxiety associated with work functioning in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea?

Purpose: To examine whether Obstructive Sleep Apnoea severity, sleep-related problems, and anxiety are associated with work functioning in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea patients, when controlled for age, gender and type of occupation. To investigate whether anxiety moderates the associations between sleep-related problems and work functioning.

Materials and methods: We included 105 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea patients (70% male; mean age 46.62?±?9.79?years). All patients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire-2.0.

Results: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea-severity, poor nighttime sleep quality, and anxiety were univariately associated with impaired work functioning. Multivariate analyzes revealed that poor perceived sleep quality was more strongly associated with work functioning than sleep efficiency and daily disturbances. Anxiety was strongly associated with impaired work functioning. After adding anxiety, the explained variance in work functioning increased from 20% to 25%. Anxiety moderated the association between low and medium levels of nighttime sleep quality problems and work functioning.

Conclusions: Poor perceived sleep quality and anxiety were strongly associated with impaired work functioning in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea patients. These findings may help to optimize management, standard treatment, and work functioning in people with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea when confirmed in longitudinal studies.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Studies show an impairment of functional status, including work functioning, in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

• Aside from physical disorders, obstructive sleep apnea patients often experience mental problems, such as anxiety.

• As many people with obstructive sleep apnea are undiagnosed, our results demonstrate to employers and healthcare professionals the need to encourage patients for obstructive sleep apnea screening, especially in the situation of impaired work functioning, increased anxiety, and poor sleep quality.

• The associations between obstructive sleep apnea, sleep and anxiety might increase the awareness of health professionals towards optimizing diagnostic accuracy and standard treatment.

     

Prevalence and predisposing factors of smartphone addiction,sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of nursing students: A cross-sectional design

AimThe current study aimed to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of nursing students and to identify the predisposing factors of these parameters.BackgroundThe use of smartphones, which has become an indispensable part of daily life, has various effects on addictive behavior and sleep.DesignThe present study was performed with a cross-sectional design.MethodsThe population of the study comprised of nursing students attending all grades at two universities (N = 940). A total of 771 students were included in the study. Data were collected through a personal information form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the data.ResultsThe prevalence of smartphone addiction was 42.4%. Of the students, 57.3% had poor sleep quality and 82.5% had normal daytime sleepiness. Daily smartphone use duration, owning of a smartphone duration, daytime sleepiness and academic success were significant influencing factors for smartphone addiction (p < 0.05). Daily sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and school region were found significant risk factors for sleep quality (p < 0.05). Sleep quality and smartphone addiction significantly influenced daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study revealed that almost half of nursing students presented smartphone addiction and more than half of them had poor sleep quality. The prevalence of normal daytime sleepiness among nursing students was high.     

Association of shift-work,daytime napping,and nighttime sleep with cancer incidence and cancer-caused mortality in Dongfeng-tongji cohort study

Background: Few studies investigated the combined effects of night-shift work, daytime napping, and nighttime sleep on cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: A total of 25,377 participants were included in this study. Information on sleep habits, cancer incidences, and mortalities were collected. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HRs, 95%CIs).

Results: Male subjects experienced ≥20 years of night-shift work, or without daytime napping had an increased risk of cancer, when compared with males who did not have night-shift work or napped for 1–30?min [HR (95%CI)?=?1.27 (1.01–1.59) and 2.03 (1.01–4.13), respectively]. Nighttime sleep for ≥10?h was associated with a separate 40% and 59% increased risk of cancer [HR (95%CI)?=?1.40 (1.04–1.88)] and cancer-caused mortality [HR (95%CI)?=?1.59 (1.01–2.49)] than sleep for 7–8?h/night. Combined effects of three sleep habits were further identified. Male participants with at least two above risk sleep habits had a 43% increased risk of cancer [HR (95%CI)?=?1.43 (1.07–2.01)] and a 2.07-fold increased cancer-caused mortality [HR (95%CI)?=?2.07 (1.25–3.29)] than those who did not have any above risk sleep habits. However, no significant associations were observed among women.

Conclusions: Long night-shift work history, without daytime napping, and long nighttime sleep duration were independently and jointly associated with higher cancer incidence among males.

• KEY MESSAGES

• Night-shift work of ≥20 years, without napping, and nighttime sleep of ≥10?h were associated with increased cancer incidence.

• Nighttime sleep ≥10?h was associated with a 2.07-fold increased cancer-caused mortality among males.

• Combined effects of night-shift work ≥20 years, without napping, and nighttime sleep ≥10?h on increasing cancer incidence were existed among males.

     

Optimal treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and excessive sleepiness

Introduction  Collapsibility of the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes repeated arousals from sleep, decreased oxygen saturation of the blood, and excessive sleepiness (ES). Patients with OSA are at increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and experience occupational and vehicular accidents more frequently than the general population. Furthermore, the life expectancy of patients with untreated OSA is significantly reduced. Methods  A MEDLINE search of articles published between 2003 and 2008 was conducted using the search terms: obstructive sleep apnea [ti/ab] AND treatment; obstructive sleep apnoea [ti/ab] AND treatment; and excessive sleepiness [ti/ab] AND treatment. Searches were limited to articles in English; clinical trials; meta-analyses; practice guidelines; randomized, controlled trials; and reviews. Results  Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the reference-standard treatment for patients with OSA. CPAP addresses the symptoms of OSA and reduces the risk of heart disease and depression associated with this sleep disorder. However, the efficacy of CPAP is contingent on patient adherence, and ≥4 hours of therapy per night are required for patients with OSA to experience significant clinical benefits. However, reports of nonadherence to CPAP therapy range from 29% to 83%. Other therapies are available for patients who refuse or cannot adhere to CPAP treatment, including dental devices and surgery, but these treatments are generally considered to be less efficacious. A significant number of patients continue to experience residual ES despite CPAP treatment. Pharmacologic therapies, eg, modafinil and armodafinil, may be of use in patients with OSA to improve tolerance with CPAP or to address residual ES. Conclusion  There are a variety of treatments available for patients with OSA. Successful treatment involves encouraging patient compliance with CPAP or oral appliances. Primary-care physicians play a crucial role in recognizing this disorder and ensuring the best possible outcome through support and education.     

Self-reported subjective sleep quality and fatigue in patients with peritoneal dialysis treatment at home

The aim of this study was to describe habitual sleep, daytime symptoms, sleep-disturbing factors, current sleep during 1 week and fatigue in patients with peritoneal dialysis treatment at home and also discover predictions for sleep quality outcome. The knowledge should increase possibilities for supportive nursing health care. Fifty-five patients answered two mailed questionnaires and filled in a sleep diary. Of these, 60% had moderate, persistent sleep problems combined with daytime symptoms. Nocturnal awakenings with difficulties falling asleep again and a sleep duration predicted as 57% of sleep quality. Nocturnal pruritus and 'difficulties finding a comfortable sleeping position' were significant sleep-disturbing factors. Sleep quality predictors means progress in knowledge about the complexity of the situation for peritoneal dialysis patients. Poor sleep, daytime symptoms, sleep-disturbing factors and chronic fatigue need to be enlightened, especially for the nephrology nurses who are in a unique position to give supportive nursing health care.     

瑜伽对肿瘤化疗病人生活质量、癌因性疲乏及睡眠质量的影响

目的:评估瑜伽对肿瘤化疗病人的生活质量、癌因性疲乏及睡眠质量的影响。方法:将118例入住福建省肿瘤医院化疗病人纳入研究,分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上进行瑜伽练习。采用数字评定量表(Numerical Rating Scale NRS)、第4版癌症病人生命质量测定量表共性模块(Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Generic Scale,FACT-G)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)评估病人干预前后癌因性疲乏、生活质量及睡眠质量。结果:干预前两组病人癌因性疲乏、生活质量、睡眠质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组病人的癌因性疲乏程度、无睡眠障碍者低于对照组,生活质量得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:瑜伽可有效降低病人癌因性疲乏,并改善病人的睡眠质量及生活质量。     

Qigong ameliorates symptoms of chronic fatigue: a pilot uncontrolled study

Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners consider that chronic fatigue reflects a disharmony and depletion in the supply of qi in the body. Qigong is one of the traditional complementary interventions used to strengthen qi through self-practice, and to manage the state of qi to prevent and cure disease. The aim of this study is to assess whether qigong could be used to manage the symptoms of chronic fatigue. Eighteen Caucasian, British female participants were recruited, taught a qigong routine during weekly classes over 6 months, and asked to practice it daily for 15 min. Participants completed the core set of the RAND Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire (RAND MOS) and a sleep diary during the 2-week baseline control period, and at 3 and 6 months following the start of the trial. The qigong intervention resulted in significant changes in sleep rate score and in the following subscales of the RAND MOS: SF36 Vitality, Sleep Problems, Social Activity, Social Activity Limitation due to Health, Health Distress, Mental Health Index and Psychological Well-being. Qigong seems to improve factors related to chronic fatigue such as sleep, pain, mental attitude and general mobility after 3 and 6 months. Qigong's positive effects indicate that it represents a potentially safe method of treatment for chronic fatigued patients. However, we cannot completely discount the possible influence of placebo effects, and more objective clinical measures are needed to reproduce our findings with long-term follow-up in a randomized, controlled study involving a larger number of subjects.