氟烷七氟醚对酶诱导缺氧大鼠血浆氨基酸谱的影响（氟烷性肝炎…

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水一周后，随机分为６组，每组６例：ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷。吸入时间１ｈ、２４ｈ后用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中１１种游离氨基酸的     

氟烷七氟醚对酶诱导缺氧大鼠脂过氧化反应的影响（氟烷性肝炎的研究Ⅰ）

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水一周后，随机分为６组，每组６例：ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２；ＨＣ，１４％０；１８６％Ｎｅ；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚。吸入时间１ｈ，２４ｈ后测定血浆及肝匀浆中ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、游离琉基的含量。结果ＨＨ、ＮＨ组肝匀浆及血浆中ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ的含量均高于其它各组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），余各组间均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＮＨ、ＨＨ组血浆及肝匀浆中游离琉基的含量显著低于其它各组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示氟烷所致的肝脂过氧化反应增强的作用可能与其肝毒性有关，而七氟醚无促进肝脏脂过氧化反应增强的作用。     

氟烷七氟醚对酶诱导缺氧大鼠脂过氧化反应的影响（氟烷性肝炎的…

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水一周后，随机分为６组，每组６例：ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚。吸入时间１ｈ，２４ｈ后测定血浆及肝匀浆中ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、游离巯基     

氟烷,七氟醚大鼠肝素性的病理学研究

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥（１ｍｌ／ｍｌ）的饮水一周后，随机分为６组，每组８例。ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟烷；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚。吸入时间为１小时，２４小时后处死动物。应     

大鼠氟烷性肝炎血、肝中微量元素的测定及其临床意义─—与七氟醚麻醉比较（氟烷性肝炎的研究Ⅳ）

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥钠（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水１周后，随机分为四组，每组８例：ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ＿２／７９％Ｎ＿２；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷。吸入时间为１ｈ。２４ｈ后用原子吸收分光光度法测定血浆及肝匀浆中锌、铜、铁、钙的含量。结果ＨＨ组肝匀浆中铜、锌的含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），钙离子显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＨ组血浆中铁、铜、锌含量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示氟烷肝损害过程中铜、铁、锌由损伤肝组织向血浆中释放，这种释放程度与肝损害程度相平行。而且体内微量元素平衡的改变又会加重氟烷性肝损害的发生与发展。     

氟烷、七氟醚大鼠肝毒性的病理学研究

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水一周后，随机分为６组，每组８例。ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／７９／Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１． ２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２。／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚。吸人时间为川、时，２４小时后处死动物。应用体视学方法及电子计算机图象分析，对肝脏病理进行定量研究。缺氧情况下吸入氟烷几乎所有的大鼠均发生广泛的肝脏小叶中心性肝细胞变性坏死，并伴血谷丙转氨酶的升高。而同作情况下吸入七氟醚及对照组均无明显的肝毒性发生。缺氧可导致肝线粒体肿胀。结果提示吸入麻醉药七氟醚就肝毒性而言明显优于氟烷。     

氟烷,七氟醚对酶诱导,缺氧大鼠肝细胞钙平衡的影响：钙离子…

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ（ＳＤ）大鼠饮用含苯巴妥（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的水一周后，随机分为６组，分别吸入下列气体１小时：ＮＣ，２１％Ｏ２／７９％Ｎ；ＨＣ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ；ＮＳ，２１％Ｏ２／Ｎ２／１。２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＨＳ，１４％Ｏ２／Ｎ２／１。２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；ＮＨ，２１％Ｏ２／Ｎ２／１。２ＭＡＣ氟烷；ＨＨ，１４％Ｏ２／Ｎ２／１。２ＭＡＣ氟烷。２４小时后用草酸钾－焦锑酸钾沉淀法对肝脏钙离子进行     

氟烷,安氟醚,七氟醚肝毒性与TXB2,6—keto—PGF1α含量变化（氟…

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥钠（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水１周后，随机分为四组，每组８例，分别吸入：Ｃ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２；Ｅ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ安氟醚；Ｓ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；Ｈ，１４％Ｏ２／８６％Ｎ２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷１ｈ。２４ｈ后发现Ｈ组血浆ＡＬＴ活性显著高于其它各组，并有明显的小叶中心性肝细胞坏死及汇管区炎细胞浸润，血窦重度充血。Ｅ组可见部分肝小叶内有     

氟烷、安氟醚、七氟醚肝毒性与TXB_2、6－keto－PGF（1α）含量变化（氟烷性肝炎的研究Ⅲ）

雄性ＳＤ大鼠饮用含苯巴比妥钠（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ）的饮水１周后，随机分为四组，每组８例，分别吸入：Ｃ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２；Ｅ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２／１．２ＭＡＣ安氟醚；Ｓ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２／１．２ＭＡＣ七氟醚；Ｈ，１４％Ｏ＿２／８６％Ｎ＿２／１．２ＭＡＣ氟烷１ｈ。２４ｈ后发现Ｈ组血浆ＡＬＴ活性显著高于其它各组，并有明显的小叶中心性肝细胞坏死及汇管区炎细胞浸润，血窦重度充血。Ｅ组可见部分肝小叶内有小叶中心性坏死及空泡变性。Ｈ组肝匀浆及血浆中ＴＸＢ＿２含量显著高于其它各组。６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ各组间均无显著差异。提示氟烷性肝炎与ＴＸＡ＿２／ＰＧＩ＿２平衡失调有一定的关系。     

Myocardial Effects of Halothane and Sevoflurane in Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes induces significant myocardial abnormalities, but the effects of halogenated anesthetics on this diseased myocardium remain a matter of debate.

Methods: Left ventricular papillary muscles and triton-skinned cardiac fibers were provided from control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The effects of halothane and sevoflurane were studied on inotropic and lusitropic responses, under low (isotony) and high (isometry) loads in papillary muscles and then on isometric tension-Ca2+ concentration (pCa) relations obtained in triton-skinned cardiac fibers. Data are presented as mean +/- SD.

Results: Sevoflurane and halothane induced a negative inotropic effect that was more important in diabetic rats (active force: 1.5% halothane, 19 +/- 6 vs. 24 +/- 6% of baseline, P < 0.05; 3.6% sevoflurane, 47 +/- 14 vs. 69 +/- 17% of baseline, P < 0.05). However, when differences in minimum alveolar concentration were considered, no significant difference was observed between groups for halothane. The effects of halothane and sevoflurane on isotonic relaxation and postrest potentiation were not significantly different between groups. In contrast, the decrease in Ca2+ myofilament sensitivity produced by each anesthetic agent was greater in diabetic rats than in control rats (0.65% halothane, -0.15 +/- 0.07 vs. -0.05 +/- 0.04 pCa unit, P < 0.05; 1.8% sevoflurane, -0.12 +/- 0.06 vs. -0.06 +/- 0.04 pCa unit, P < 0.05).     

Hepatic Effects of Halothane,Isoflurane or Sevoflurane Anaesthesia in Dogs

The effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia on hepatic function and hepatocellular damage were investigated in dogs, comparing the activity of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin concentration in serum. An experimental study was designed. Twenty‐one clinically normal mongrel dogs were divided into three groups and accordingly anaesthetized with halothane (n = 7), isoflurane (n = 7) and sevoflurane (n = 7). The dogs were 1–4 years old, and weighed between 13.5 and 27 kg (18.4 ± 3.9). Xylazine HCI (1–2 mg/kg) i.m. was used as pre‐anaesthetic medication. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg i.v. The trachea was intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen at concentrations of 1.35, 2 and 3%, respectively. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (tidal volume, 15 ml/kg; respiration rate, 12–14/min) was started immediately after intubation and the anaesthesia lasted for 60 min. Venous blood samples were collected before pre‐medication, 24 and 48 h, and 7 and 14 days after anaesthesia. Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Serum AST, ALT and GGT activities increased after anaesthesia in all groups. In the halothane group, serum AST and ALT activities significantly increased all the time after anaesthesia compared with baseline activities. But in the isoflurane group AST and ALT activities increased only between 2 and 7 days, and in the sevoflurane group 7 days after anaesthesia. GGT activity was increased in the halothane group between 2 and 7 days, and in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups 7 days after anaesthesia. All dogs recovered from anaesthesia without complications and none developed clinical signs of hepatic damage within 14 days. The results suggest that the use of halothane anaesthesia induces an elevation of serum activities of liver enzymes more frequently than isoflurane or sevoflurane from 2 to 14 days after anaesthesia in dogs. The effects of isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia on the liver in dogs is safer than halothane anaesthesia in dogs.     

Comparative Contractile Effects of Halothane and Sevoflurane in Rat Aorta

Background: Volatile anesthetic agents have been shown to have contractile effects in vascular tissues during specific conditions. This study compared contractile effects of halothane and sevoflurane in rat aorta treated with verapamil. This study also tried to elucidate the mechanism of the contraction.

Methods: Endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta was used for recording of isometric tension and measurement of influx of 45Ca2+. All experiments were performed in the presence of verapamil. In recording of tension, rings were precontracted with a submaximum dose of phenylephrine, followed by exposure to halothane or sevoflurane. For measurement of influx of 45Ca2+, rat aortic strips were exposed to phenylephrine and then to additional halothane or sevoflurane. Influx of Ca2+ was estimated by incubating the strips in 45Ca2+-labeled solution for 2 min.

Results: Halothane (0.5-4.0%) induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas sevoflurane (1-4%) had no effect on tension. Influx of 45Ca2+ was strongly enhanced by halothane at 1% and 2%, but only slightly at 4%, and was not affected by 1-4% sevoflurane. SK&F 96365, a blocker of voltage-independent Ca2+ channels, abolished contraction and influx of 45Ca2+ by 1% halothane. Depletion of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum with ryanodine or thapsigargin reduced the contraction induced by halothane at 4% but not that at 1% and 2%.     

注射挥发性麻醉药对动物的效应

研究了注射挥发性麻醉药对动物的效应，在小鼠，乙醚的催眠ＥＤ５０是５．３５（ｓｃ）和１．６２（ｉｐ）ｍｌ／ｋｇ；ＬＤ５０是１３．７（ｓｃ）和２．３２（ｉｐ）ｍｌ／ｋｇ。甲氧氟烷的ＥＤ５０为０．７５（ｉｐ）和４．１２（ｉｍ）ｍｌ／ｋｇ；ＬＤ５０为１．２３（ｉｐ）５．８１（ｉｍ）ｍｌ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ氟烷的ＥＤ５０和ＬＤ５０分别是１．２０和１．９４ｍｌ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ安氟醚的ＥＤ５０和ＬＤ５０分别是３．０１和７．     

Effects and interaction of nicardipine and volatile anesthetics in the rat heart-lung preparation

The effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine (N) and the volatile anesthetics halothane (H), enflurane (E), isoflurane (I), and sevoflurane (S) on myocardial metabolism after postischemic reperfusion were assessed in the isolated rat heart-lung preparation. Wistar-ST rats were randomly divided into six groups (each groupn=9) as follows: control (C) group, no drugs; N group, N (100 ng·ml⁻¹); H group, 1% H and N; E group, 2.2% E and N; I group, 1.5% I and N; and the S group, 3.3% S and N. In the presence of the volatile anesthetics, the preparations were perfused for 10 min, made globally ischemic for 8 min, and then reperfused for 10 min. N 100 ng·ml⁻¹ was administered 5 min before ischemia except in the C group. Three hearts in the C and H groups (eachn=9) and one heart in the E group (n=9) failed to recover from ischemia. The recovery times in the N, I and S groups were significantly shorter than controls. Although there was no significant difference in myocardial lactate concentrations among the groups, ATP content in the N, H, E, I and S groups was significantly higher than in controls. Glycogen content in the N, E, I and S groups was also significantly higher than in controls. These results suggest that N improves myocardial recovery from ischemia; however, in the presence of H or E it may cause significant myocardial depression.     

地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对缺氧-复氧心肌细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

目的 观察地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对缺氧-复氧心肌细胞内Ca^2 的影响。方法 将原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞随机分为对照，缺氧-复氧及1.5MAC地氧醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理后缺氧-复氧五组，用Fra-2标记细胞内Ca^2 ，荧光光度计进行测定。结果 与对照组比，复氧20分钟时，其余四组细胞内Ca^2 均显著升高；而地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理组的升高幅度明显低于缺氧-复氧组；三个吸入麻醉药组间无差异，复氧60分钟，缺氧-复氧组虽有明显下降，但仍显著高于对照组，地氟醚，七氟醚烽异氟醚预处理组则降至对照组水平。结论 地氟醚，七氟醚和异氟醚预处理，可明显减轻缺氧-复氧心肌引起的细胞内游离Ca^2 升高。     

Effects of halothane and enflurane on epithelium-dependent contraction and ion transport of canine tracheal epithelium

To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms involved in bronchodilation induced by inhalation anesthetics, we investigated whether halothane and enflurane can modulate functions of airway epithelium, such as epithelium-mediated bronchodilation and transepithelial transport. To measure the isometric tension of airways, paired rings of canine bronchi (4–6 mm OD), with and without the epithelium were mounted in Krebs-Ringer solution, gassed with 95% O₂ and 5% CO₂, and isometric tension was continuously recorded. To determine transepithelial transport, the posterior membranous portion of the trachea was mounted in Ussing-type chambers and the potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (SCC), and transepithelial resistance (R) were determined. Halothane and enflurane increased the contractile responses of the trachea to acetylcholine (ACh) in strips either with or without epithelium. However, this enhancement of the contractile responses by volatile agents was much larger with the epithelium than without. Furthermore, halothane tended to gradually increase and then decrease SCC of the trachea, but these changes were not statistically significant. These results indicate that halothane may modulate contractile response of the isolated trachea to ACh, but has no effect on ion transport by airway epithelium. The responsiveness of the trachea may be regulated independently of ion transport by airway epithelium.