一氧化氮在大鼠肝纤维化过程中的作用

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NitricOxide,NO)在肝纤维化过程中的作用。方法:采用大鼠腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺(TAA),复制肝纤维化模型。分别该给不同组大鼠腹腔注射左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)或/和TAA,13周后观察谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、血浆内毒素(LPS)含量、血浆和肝组织NO含量,HE和V·G染色观察各组肝组织形态改变。结果:TAA组见ALT、LDH、LPS、羟脯氨酸、血浆和肝组织NO含量均高于正常对照组(P<0.05),TAA+L-NAME组上述指标均高于TAA组,组织学观察TAA+L-NAME组肝损伤和纤维化化程度较TAA组重。结论:NO在TAA诱导的肝纤维化过程中有保护作用。     

一氧化氮在实验性大鼠肝纤维过程中的作用

目的 :探讨一氧化氮 (NitricOxideNO)在肝纤维过程中的作用。方法 :采用大鼠腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺 (TAA) ,复制肝纤维化模型。分别给不同组大鼠腹腔注射左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯 (L -NAME)和(或 )TAA ,1 3周后观察谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、血清内毒素含量、血清和肝组织NO含量、HE和V·G染色观察各组肝组织形态改变。结果 :TAA组中ALT、LDH、LPS、羟脯氨酸、血浆和肝组织NO含量均高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,TAA +NAME组上述指标均高于TAA组 ,组织学观察TAA +L -NAME组肝损伤和纤维化程度较TAA组重。结论 :NO在TAA诱导的肝纤维化过程中有保护作用。     

丹参注射液对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肝内NO、MDA、ET的影响及其意义

目的 探讨丹参注射液对梗阻性黄疸（Obstructive jaundice,OJ)大鼠肝组织中一氧化氮（NO)、丙二醛（MDA）、内皮素（ET）的影响及其意义。方法 采用双重结扎切断大鼠胆总管造成OJ模型，分别给大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水（模型组）和丹参注射液（治疗组），各组于术后7d和14d观察肝组织匀浆NO2^- NO3^-、MDAET含量，肝功能及肝组织形态改变。结果 胆道梗阻7d和14d后大鼠肝组织中NO2^- NO3^-、MDA含量较正常鼠明显增加，两者不随梗阻时间延长而升高：肝组织中ET含量亦明显增高，且随时间延长而增高。丹参治疗组大鼠肝组织中NO2^- NO3^-与模型组无差异，而MDA和ET含量明显低于模型组，血浆ALT、AST明显降低，肝组织损伤减轻。结论 丹参注射液可降低OJ大鼠肝内MDA、ET含量，从而发挥肝脏保护作用。     

联合低剂量口服和腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺诱导大鼠肝硬化及二十二碳六烯酸的抑制作用

目的:采用联合应用低剂量口服和腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺(thioacetamide,TAA),优化大鼠肝硬化建模方法,并观察二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)抑制肝纤维化的作用?方法:100只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组:对照组?口服组?腹腔注射组?联合低剂量口服和腹腔注射组及DHA治疗联合组?观察大鼠肝硬化形成率;硬化结节形成及病理观察假小叶形成情况;检测大鼠肝功能指标谷丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)?内毒素,测定肝组织匀浆过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)?结果:口服TAA肝硬化模型组诱导16周后死亡2只(死亡率约为10%),假小叶的形成率约为85%,癌变1只(癌变率约为5%)?腹腔注射组诱导10周后死亡5只(死亡率约为25%),假小叶的形成率约为75%?联合组10周后死亡1只(死亡率约为5%),假小叶的形成率约为90%?联合组毒性反应稍小?3组TAA诱导肝硬化模型大鼠ALT水平及内毒素明显高于正常对照组,而3组TAA肝硬化模型诱导组内未见明显差异?治疗组ALT水平及内毒素明显低于3组TAA肝硬化模型诱导组?治疗组MDA水平明显低于3组TAA肝硬化模型诱导组,SOD水平高于3组TAA肝硬化模型诱导组?结论:肝硬化诱导过程中联合低剂量口服和腹腔注射TAA可成功诱导大鼠肝硬化,DHA可改善联合低剂量口服和腹腔注射TAA诱导肝硬化大鼠的肝功能,抑制肝硬化?     

糖皮质激素对双氯氛酸钠肝损伤大鼠一氧化氮合酶及一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨糖皮质激素地塞米松(Dex)对双氯氛酸钠(Dcf)肝损伤大鼠一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达及一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法大鼠随机分为正常组、Dcf组及Dex组。Dcf组给予Dcf 100 mg/kg腹腔注射,Dex组在Dcf注射前1 h予10 mg/kg腹腔注射,24 h后测血清ALT、AST、TBil水平观察肝组织病理学变化,化学法检测血清及肝组织NO含量,免疫组化法检测肝组织内皮型NOS(eNOS)和诱导型NOS(iNOS)的表达。结果 Dcf组血清ALT、AST、TBil水平明显升高(P0.05),病理积分大幅度增高,血清和肝组织NO含量明显高于正常组(P0.01),肝组织iNOS表达显著增强(P0.01),eNOS表达减弱。Dex可明显改善升高的转氨酶及病理积分(P0.05),并降低肝组织iNOS表达及NO含量(P0.05)。结论 iNOS和NO在Dcf肝损伤中起促进作用,糖皮质激素可能通过抑制体内iNOS表达,减少NO合成起到肝保护作用。     

血清转化生长因子β对大鼠肝纤维化影响的研究

目的观察转化生长因子β(TGF-β)对肝纤维化模型SD大鼠肝功能的影响。方法将60只SD大鼠随机平均分为3组:正常对照组不做任何处理;生理盐水对照组腹腔注射生理盐水;肝纤维化模型组腹腔注射10%四氯化碳(CCl4)建立肝纤维化模型。造模6周后采集血清全自动生化仪测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测TGF-β的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝纤维化相关基因血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达情况。结果生理盐水对照组ALT、AST和TGF-β含量与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);肝纤维化模型大鼠血清ALT、AST较正常对照组及生理盐水对照组大鼠明显增高(P<0.01),TGF-β的含量明显增高(P<0.05),肝纤维化模型组肝纤维化相关基因PDGF-BB、CTGF表达明显,而生理盐水组与对照组均无表达。结论血清中TGF-β与大鼠肝纤维化密切相关,在大鼠肝纤维化模型中明显增高,同时肝纤维化组织中PDGF-BB、CTGF表达也增高。     

外源性硫化氢对大鼠慢性肝纤维化的保护作用

目的观察外源性硫化氢(H2S)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用。方法 CCl4复制大鼠肝纤维化模型后分为模型组和预防组,模型组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,预防组给予NaHS腹腔注射,观察各组大鼠血清中透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及白蛋白(Alb)的变化,以及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性变化及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化,并应用HE和Masson染色观察各组肝组织病理学改变。结果与模型组比较,预防组大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、PCⅢ及肝组织MDA含量均降低,而血清中Alb及肝组织中SOD及GSH-Px活性升高;病理学检测肝纤维化程度显著减轻。结论外源性H2S对CCl4诱导的大鼠慢性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肝内胶原合成、减少自由基生成、减轻脂质过氧化及抑制肝星状细胞增殖活化有关。     

一氧化氮在实验性肝硬化内毒素血症大鼠中的作用

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)在实验性肝硬化内毒素血症大鼠中的作用。方法采用大鼠饮用0.03%～0.04%硫代乙酰胺(TAA)溶液10周复制肝硬化模型,随机分为:①正常+LPS组(对照组);②肝硬化组(TAA组);③肝硬化+LPS组(TAA+LPS组);④肝硬化+LPS+AG组(氨基胍组)。模型造成后,除TAA组外,其余各组向腹腔内注入大肠杆菌内毒素(LPS)3.0 mg/kg,同时TAA组向腹腔内注入等量的生理盐水,AG组于注射LPS 3 h后,腹腔注射AG(50 mg/kg)。并在注入LPS 6 h后,各组动物经腹主动脉穿刺采全血观察血浆中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨基酸转移酶(AST)、一氧化氮(NO)的表达。结果对照组、TAA组、AG组、TAA+LPS组动物血浆内NO、AST、ALT水平依次升高,且各组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一氧化氮参与了大鼠肝硬化时内毒素血症引起的肝损伤,但它未起到保护作用,它与内毒素对机体的损伤有关。     

鲨鱼肝刺激物对大鼠急性肝损伤和肝脏线粒体功能的影响

目的:研究鲨鱼肝刺激物(sHSS)对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)所致大鼠急性肝损伤和肝线粒体功能的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠,体质量(200±20) g,随机分3组:对照组、模型组、治疗组,每组8只.以400 mg/kg TAA 2次腹腔注射建立大鼠急性肝损伤模型,治疗组在注射TAA前 1 h腹腔注射80 mg/kg sHSS,对照组注射等体积的生理盐水,24 h后观察大鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性和肝中丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,以及TAA和sHSS对肝线粒体呼吸功能、线粒体肿胀和膜电位的影响.结果:治疗组大鼠血清中ALT、AST的水平明显低于模型组,而模型组MDA含量明显高于治疗组和正常组(P<0.05);治疗组大鼠肝脏线粒体ADP诱导的3态氧消耗、呼吸控制率(RCR)、氧化磷酸化率(OPR)明显高于TAA模型组(P<0.05);注射TAA和sHSS后,线粒体肿胀和跨膜电位没有明显的变化.结论:sHSS能明显抑制TAA造成的急性肝损伤和脂质过氧化,改善因TAA而受损的线粒体呼吸功能.     

荔枝核总黄酮抗肝纤维化作用的实验研究

目的观察荔枝核总黄酮(TFL)抗大鼠肝纤维化作用,并探讨其中的可能机制。方法以二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)腹腔注射制作大鼠肝纤维化模型;造模同时TFL给药组以TFL灌胃给药,秋水仙碱为阳性对照组,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、马松染色观察大鼠肝纤维化程度,检测血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平,检测肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,免疫组化检测肝组织核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达。结果与模型组比较TFL给药组血清AST、ALT水平及肝组织MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),SOD含量明显升高(P<0.05);TFL可明显抑制肝组织NF-κB的表达(P<0.05),改善大鼠肝纤维化程度(P<0.05)。结论 TFL具有显著的抗肝纤维化作用,减轻机体脂质过氧化反应及抑制NF-κB的表达可能参与了其抗肝纤维化作用的机制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.