动脉粥样硬化斑块的血管内超声消融

目的　探讨动脉粥样硬化斑块的血管内超声消融价值。资料与方法　 33例动脉粥样硬化患者采用了血管内超声消融治疗。将 30例冠状动脉粥样硬化者前瞻性随机分为血管内超声消融组 (A组 )和单纯PTCA组 (B组 ) ,并回顾性分析 18例经血管内超声消融的外周动脉粥样硬化患者 ,包括四肢动脉 7例 ,颈动脉 6例 ,髂动脉 3例 ,肾动脉 2例。结果　A组经单纯血管内超声消融治疗后狭窄程度由 (84 .1± 4 .7) %降为 (4 0 .1± 15 .3) % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,无 1例并发症 ,其中有 5例治疗后残余狭窄 <30 % ,但残余狭窄仍显著高于B组 (P <0 .0 1) ;B组经PTCA术后残余狭窄为 (2 0 .9± 2 .9) %。 18例外周动脉粥样硬化者经单纯血管内低频高能超声消融术后 ,平均狭窄程度也由术前的 (87.8± 7.6 ) %降为 (4 1.2± 9.4 ) % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血管内低频高能超声消融术是动脉粥样硬化斑块的一种新的、有效的治疗手段。     

血管腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的评价血管腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床价值。资料与方法采用血管腔内介入方法治疗49例下肢ASO患者,并观察术中血管再通及治疗前后症状改善情况。结果对49例58条肢体进行血管腔内介入治疗,45例50条肢体获技术成功,其中7条肢体结合溶栓或外科杂交手术,8条肢体失败。术后随访3～24个月,在有随访结果的38例中,显效23例,稳定12例,进展3例。结论血管腔内介入治疗能有效改善患者下肢缺血症状,可联合外科手段进行杂交手术。但不应忽略围手术期风险。     

下肢动脉粥样硬化与血管外科重建

近年来,下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞(ASO)发病率呈明显上升趋势,因此寻求有效可行的治疗方法,成为临床广泛关注和研究的课题。传统外科手术只对单节段的动脉阻塞没有困难,而对多平面、多节段的阻塞,可手术率仅20%～50%,且手术失败率可达30%。经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA),虽被认为是ASO治疗学上的新里程碑,但PTA术后6个月内再狭窄的发生率高达30%～50%。近年来兴起的超声生物治疗受到重视,体内、外实验证明超声消融术恢复阻塞性血管的通畅率100%,且可解决平面、多节段的动脉阻塞,同时对附壁血栓和动脉管壁粥样斑块都有治疗作用,其突出的优点是低创伤、可重复、效果即时可见,且并发症少。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的血管介入治疗研究

目的:分析、探讨血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.PTA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的安全性、有效性及其中短期临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2009年4月～2010年3月期间收治的56例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床和术后随访资料.所有患者按TASC(TransAtlantic Inter-society consensus)分型及手术血管部位进行病例分组,观察介入治疗术前、后踝肱指数变化;治疗成功率、并发症发生率以及患者术后不同时间段的累积畅通率.结果:56例患者介入治疗的技术成功率为98.2%(55/56),临床成功率为94.6%,围手术期并发症发生率为12.7%,无围手术期死亡.术后踝肱指数较术前明显提高,差异具有显著性统计学意义(P ＜0.001).肢体术后初次累积通畅率为56%±12%,分组比较提示不同治疗部位及TASC分型对术后初次通畅率有影响.结论:下肢ASO的PTA技术有着较高的安全性和有效性,具有良好的中、短期疗效及肢体保全率;不同治疗部位及TASC分型对术后累积通畅率有影响.     

SilverHawk~(TM)斑块切除系统在治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的临床应用

目的探讨Silver HawkTM直接斑块切除术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)的临床疗效及其安全性。方法应用Silver HawkTM斑块切除系统累计治疗32例ASO患者,临床表现(Fontaine分类):Ⅱa级2例,Ⅱb级18例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级4例。踝肱指数(ABI)为0.18~0.67,平均(0.46±0.05)。术后对临床症状以及管腔通畅情况进行随访。结果 32个闭塞病变均经腔内开通成功,技术成功率为100%(残余狭窄<30%),临床症状均消失或明显改善;Fontaine分类:I级以上26例,Ⅱa级6例。术后患肢ABI为0.76~1.16,平均(0.92±0.07),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访1~12个月,ABI为0.73~1.16,平均(0.89±0.06);与术后即刻比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Silver HawkTM直接斑块切除术是治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的一种安全有效的新方法。     

颅脑术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊治

 目的 探讨对颅脑术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的诊治.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年6月～2006年6月42例颅脑术后下肢深静脉血栓形成患者临床资料.结果 42例患者行抗凝治疗30例,溶栓治疗4例,下腔静脉滤器置入13例,所有患者下肢肿胀疼痛症状均缓解,下肢血管彩色多普勒超声检查示血栓全部再通者3例,部分再通者15例.结论 颅脑术后患者为下肢DVT中高危患者,血浆D-二聚体的检测及血管彩色多普勒超声检查相结合能够有效地诊断DVT的发生,抗凝治疗为主要方法,慎用溶栓药物,下腔静脉滤器置入对防止肺栓塞发生有重要作用.     

血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞的预后因素分析

目的分析血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床效果及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年6月收治的55例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料。本组患者平均年龄69.5岁,男性36例,女性19例,临床症状包括间歇性跛行3例,静息痛22例,肢体溃疡或坏死30例;单侧肢体病变33例,双下肢病变22例;D-二聚体增高42例(D-Ⅱ550ug/L),其中伴有糖尿病患者18例,房颤患者15例,高脂血症患者31例;全部患者接受下肢动脉腔内治疗,单纯球囊成形术11例,同时行球囊成形术和支架植入术44例,无围手术期死亡。结果全组55例患者术后随访1~30个月,随访期内复发31例,复发率56.4%,平均生存时间17.2个月,中位生存时间18个月,6个月生存率95.0%,1年生存率85.0%,2年生存率20.0%;单因素分析结果显示病变肢体数目、治疗方法、糖尿病、房颤及高脂血症病史是与ASO血管腔内治疗后再狭窄的相关因素;Cox风险回归分析显示病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素(P0.05)。结论病变肢体数目、糖尿病、高脂血症是影响ASO患者行PTA治疗预后的独立危险因素,而治疗方法是影响预后的保护因素,有利于客观评判疗效和生存预期,并提供有效的介入治疗策略。     

彩色多普勒超声在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)治疗中的监测价值。方法:38例骨科术后下肢DVT患者均经药物抗凝、溶栓治疗。其中12例中央型DVT患者行下腔静脉滤器置入后导管溶栓治疗,26例周围型DVT患者采用足背静脉推注溶栓药物治疗,7d为1个疗程。于溶栓治疗1、3、5、7d后分别行彩色多普勒超声检查,动态观察血栓变化及消溶情况。结果:彩色多普勒超声显示溶栓治疗1、3、5、7d后分别有1例、8例、17例、27例血栓全部消溶、静脉管腔完全再通;1个疗程结束后,尚有11例血栓未完全消溶,血栓段深静脉部分再通。38例下肢DVT中,显效27例(71%),有效11例(29%),无效0例。结论:彩色多普勒超声可实时监测下肢DVT治疗过程中血栓动态变化及消溶情况,客观评价溶栓疗效,为临床治疗提供科学依据。     

主动脉狭窄和(或)闭塞性病变综合性介入治疗的临床观察

目的 对主动脉狭窄和(或)闭塞性病变(ASO)的综合介入治疗进行疗效观察与评价。方法 本组23例ASO(狭窄性病变14例，闭塞性病变9例)均分别应用经皮主动脉闭塞穿通术、经导管局部溶栓术、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、血管内支架(ES)置入术及经皮主动脉夹层内膜瓣开窗术(FIF)等进行了综合介入治疗。结果 23例ASO的治疗成功率为96．7％。其中，14例主动脉狭窄性病变的治疗成功率为92.9％(1例主动脉破裂死亡)。9例腹主动脉完全闭塞的治疗成功率为100．0％。23例ASO中行血管内支架置入术11例(狭窄4例，闭塞7例)，成功率为100．0％。1例主动脉夹层所致主-髂动脉狭窄行血管内支架置入术并用FIF获得成功。其余12例仅采用局部溶栓术和(或)PTA治疗，成功率为91．7％。术后除1例死亡外，其余22例中，术后症状完全消失者18例，症状改善者4例。目前平均随访31．0个月(1～113个月)，其中1例于随访48个月后失访；1例于治疗后2个月因出现主动脉再狭窄及右下肢缺血坏死而截肢；1例于治疗后18个月死于胸主动脉夹层破裂；19例随访至今，症状无复发。结论 综合应用多种血管介入技术治疗ASO可获得满意的临床效果。     

无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞症腔内血管成形治疗的预探索

目的：探讨经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗无流出道显影的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）的临床疗效及价值。方法无流出道显影的下肢ASO患者19例,男11例,女8例,年龄48～79岁,中位年龄66岁。所有患者主要临床症状为患肢静息痛,其中10例（47.6%）伴有不同程度足部溃疡和坏疽。所有患者术前均接受患肢多层螺旋CT血管造影及DSA检查。PTA治疗后随访12个月,观察并记录临床症状和体征变化,于术前和术后1、3、6、12个月分别检测患肢跛行距离、足趾皮温、踝肱指数（ABI）、趾肱指数（TBI）,并作CTA 或彩色多普勒超声检查。结果19例患者共38条病变肢体,54支血管为无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞病变,分别为胫前动脉25支（46.3%）、胫后动脉18支（33.3%）、腓动脉9支（16.7%）、腘动脉2支（3.7%）;肢体PTA技术成功率为89.6%,单血管PTA技术成功率为85.2%。术后所有开通成功的患肢皮温改善明显,疼痛症状明显缓解或消失。术后1、3、6、12个月患者跛行距离、足趾皮温、ABI、TBI等均较术前有显著改善（P＜0.05）。术后12个月肢体血管再狭窄率为39.5%（15/38）,肢体血管通畅率为55.3%（21/38）,肢体保全率为81.6%（31/38）。结论 PTA治疗无流出道显影的下肢动脉闭塞病变的近期疗效确切,安全性高;远期再狭窄率虽较高,但能有效控制病情发展并缓解临床症状,有助于提高缺血肢体的保全率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）