罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻在剖宫产手术中的麻醉效果比较

目的比较罗哌卡因与布比卡因在剖宫产手术腰麻中的麻醉效果。方法将择期行剖宫产术孕妇62例分为罗哌卡因组（32例）与布比卡因组（30例）。给予罗哌卡因组孕妇蛛网膜下腔注入0.75%罗哌卡因1.5 mL,给予布比卡因组孕妇注入0.75%布比卡因1.5 mL。比较两组感觉、运动阻滞情况,VAS评分评估患者疼痛程度,评定腹壁松弛度及不良反应。结果两组感觉阻滞起效时间、最高阻滞平面及腹壁松弛度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;罗哌卡因组运动阻滞起效时间长于布比卡因组,感觉、运动阻滞维持时间少于布比卡因组（P〈0.05）;两组不良反应发生率分别为13.3%、9.4%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产术安全有效,能够满足剖宫产手术的需要,罗哌卡因感觉、运动阻滞维持时间短,更有利于临床恢复。     

左布比卡因、罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术观察

目的比较相同剂量的左布比卡因、罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产的效果。方法将150例剖宫产妇分成三组,分别给予0.75%布比卡因、0.89%罗哌卡因、0.5%左布比卡因各12mg,每组均加20%葡萄糖0.5ml并加灭菌水至3.0ml,于腰2-3间隙穿刺腰麻,比较各组感觉、运动阻滞的起效和维持时间的异同以及对母婴的影响。结果三种药物应用于剖宫产手术的腰麻,效果均较好,镇痛及肌松满意。左布比卡因的感觉阻滞起效时间较长,维持时间较短;布比卡因最高感觉阻滞平面较高,达到最高阻滞平面时间较短。运动阻滞起效时间三组差异不大,运动阻滞维持时间长短依次为布比卡因、罗哌卡因、左布比卡因。低血压、心动过缓、呼吸困难、恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生率,以布比卡因为多,罗哌卡因次之,左布比卡因最少。结论左布比卡因和罗哌卡因适用于产科蛛网膜下腔麻醉,麻醉效能与同等剂量的布比卡因相同,其镇痛和麻醉效果可以满足手术需要,但血液动力学更加稳定,对母体副作用少,对新生儿无不良反应。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻的比较-附120例分析

目的 比较相同剂量的罗哌卡因(耐乐品) 和布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产的效能,以探讨剖宫产的最佳局麻药 [1].方法 将120例ASAⅠⅡ级择期行剖宫产病人,随机分成二组,用0.75 %罗哌卡因和布比卡因各2ml,分别用0.9%氯化钠1 ml 配成等比重溶液,用25G腰麻穿刺针,于L2～3间隙穿刺,在60s内缓慢将2ml药液注入蛛网膜下腔,比较各组感觉、运动阻滞的起效和恢复时间的异同点.结果 在感觉阻滞起效时间上,罗哌卡因>布比卡因;在恢复时间和最大阻滞时间上罗哌卡因>布比卡因;在运动阻滞起效时间上,罗哌卡因>布比卡因,在最大运动阻滞时间和恢复时间上布比卡因>罗哌卡因;在镇痛效果及肌松上布比卡因>罗哌卡因;在低血压、呼吸困难等不良反应上,布比卡因>罗哌卡因.结论 罗哌卡因不仅具有布比卡因的优点,而且能克服后者的缺点,是腰麻下行剖宫产的理想局麻药.     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因单侧腰麻应用于膝关节镜手术的比较

目的 观察比较0.3%轻比重罗哌卡因与0.3%轻比重布比卡因单侧腰麻应用于单侧膝关节镜手术的麻醉效果.方法 选择腰麻下单侧膝关节镜手术患者48例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为R组和B组两组,每组24例,轻比重腰麻药配方:R组:0.75%罗哌卡因2 mL+注射用水3 mL配成0.3%轻比重罗哌卡因;B组:0.75%布比卡因2 mL+注射用水3 mL配成0.3%轻比重布比卡因.观察两组患者感觉、运动阻滞起效时间、恢复时间和不良反应.术中连续监测呼吸和循环系统状况.结果 两组患者患侧肢体麻醉效果、最高感觉阻滞平面相似,但R组感觉阻滞起效慢于B组,维持时间短于B组(P＜0.05);下肢运动阻滞程度低于B组,恢复较B组快(P＜0.05).R组健侧肢体感觉和运动阻滞均较B组轻,恢复也快.B组易出现尿潴留;两组血流动力学均比较稳定.结论 两种轻比重局麻药单侧腰麻均有效应用于单侧膝关节镜手术.0.3%轻比重等剂量的罗哌卡因和布比卡因相比较,罗哌卡因对下肢运动影响小,术后下肢运动恢复较布比卡因快,不良反应少,血流动力学稳定,更适用于手术时间短的膝关节镜手术.     

罗哌卡因辅以芬太尼腰麻用于剖宫产的临床探讨

目的:探讨罗哌卡因辅以芬太尼腰麻用于剖官产的临床可行性.方法:将70例急诊剖官产术者,随机分为罗哌卡因组和布比卡因组.分别采用罗哌卡因10mg或布比卡因10mg 芬太尼10μg重比重液腰麻.记录两组产妇感觉、运动阻滞程度和镇痛维持时间及不良反应.结果:与布比卡因组比,罗哌卡因组对产妇血流动力学影响小,感觉、运动阻滞程度较低,运动恢复时间短,并发症发生率低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:罗哌卡因辅以芬太尼腰麻用于剖宫产,具有方法简便、快速可靠,对新生儿呼吸、循环抑制少等优点.     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的比较

目的:研究相同剂量的罗哌卡因与布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的效应对比,探讨罗哌卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的有效性和安全性.方法:选择40例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级行腹膜外剖宫产病人,22岁-39岁,随机分成两组.用0.75％罗哌卡因和布比卡因各2ml,分别加入10％葡萄糖1ml配成重比重溶液.采用25G腰麻穿刺针,于L3-L4间隙穿刺.在15s内恒速注入蛛网膜下腔药液2ml.比较两组病人在感觉、运动阻滞及恢复上的异同,由手术医生评定术中胍松程度,由病人评定镇痛情况,并观察病人用药后的不良反应.结果:两组病人的感觉阻滞起效时间、恢复时间、最高阻滞平面、最大阻滞时间无显著差异;罗哌卡因组的运动阻滞起效时间和最大运动阻滞时间比布比卡因组长(P<0.05),最大Bromagc评分也明显小于布比卡因组,运动恢复时间小于布比卡囡组(P<0.05).镇痛效果及肌松程度两组无显著差异(P>0.05).两组出现的心动过缓、低血压等不良反应发生相似. 结论:罗哌卡因可以安全、有效地用于腰麻下行剖宫产手术.     

0.5%罗哌卡因等比重腰麻在前列腺等离子电切术的应用

目的观察0.5%罗哌卡因等比重腰麻用于前列腺等离子电切术的麻醉效果。方法选择100例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,择期行前列腺等离子电切术的老年患者,随机分为两组,罗哌卡因组（R组）布比卡因组（B组）。R组、B组等比重腰麻0.5%罗哌卡因与布比卡因的剂量均为12.5mg,观察两组感觉运动神经阻滞情况,麻醉效果以及不良反应。结果 R组感觉运动阻滞起效时间明显比B组时间长（P〈0.05）,最高痛觉阻滞平面明显比B组低（P〈0.05）,痛觉阻滞,运动阻滞持续时间明显比B组短（P〈0.05）,运动组滞R组明显比B组弱（P〈0.05）,R组罗哌卡因麻醉效果明显比B组差（P〈0.05）,R组有10例患者术中需要静脉补充芬太尼0.1mg。两组不良反应发生率都很低,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,两组中均无麻醉失败患者。结论等比重腰麻0.5%罗哌卡因用于前列腺等离子电切术麻醉效果不及布比卡因确切,但仍然是临床可供选择之一。     

不同剂量罗哌卡因重比重腰麻用于剖宫产手术的疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量罗哌卡因重比重腰麻用于剖宫产手术中的麻醉效果。方法使用随机平行对照方法,将60例剖宫产产妇按病历编号法分为2组,奇数为A组（采用0.5%罗哌卡因2 mL麻醉）,偶数为B组（采用0.5%罗哌卡因2.5 mL麻醉）,观测2组各项指标。结果 2组在感觉神经阻滞起效时间以及达到最高阻滞平面时间上无明显差异;A组运动神经阻滞起效时间比B组慢（P〈0.05）,且感觉神经及运动神经阻滞维持时间较B组短（P〈0.05）;2组麻醉效果分级无明显差异;B组血压下降、心动过缓、恶心呕吐的发生率明显高于A组（P〈0.05）,神经症状、术后头痛无明显差异。结论在剖宫产手术中应用0.5%罗哌卡因2 mL重比重腰麻,不仅能够达到较好的麻醉效果,同时也可使不良反应得到控制。     

等效剂量罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产术的临床研究

目的探讨等效剂量罗哌卡因、布比卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产术的临床效能及安全性。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级足月妊娠初产妇80例,随机双盲法分为两组,每组各40例。罗哌卡因组（R组）：0.75%罗哌卡因2m1＋10%葡萄糖液0.5m1;布比卡因组（B组）：0.75%布比卡因1.25m1＋10%葡萄糖液1.25m1。术中麻醉效应不足时经硬膜外导管补充2%利多卡因。术中连续监测呼吸和循环状况,评估麻醉效能,观察围手术期不良反应的发生和新生儿情况。结果两组麻醉效能、最高阻滞平面、新生儿Apgar评分及不良反应相似（P〉0.05）,但R组起效慢,维持时间短（P〈0.05）;下肢运动阻滞程度R组显著低于B组（P〈0.05）。结论等效剂量的罗哌卡因和布比卡因腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于剖宫产术安全有效,与布比广因相比,罗哌卡因对下肢运动阻滞弱且恢复迅速。     

罗哌卡因腰麻用于剖宫产的临床观察

目的：评价0．75％罗哌卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的临床效果及安全性,并与0．75％布比卡因进行比较。方法：择期剖宫产手术60例,随机分为A组30例(布比卡因组)和B组30例(罗哌卡因组),两组产妇均于L2～3椎间隙作腰—硬联合穿刺,成功后注入局麻药并置入硬外导管。观察感觉阻滞、运动阻滞及不良反应情况。结果：罗哌卡因与布比卡因在剂量相同时,罗哌卡因较布比卡因感觉及运动阻滞起效慢,但不良反应少。结论：0．75％罗哌卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术效果满意,产妇及胎儿是安全的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.