耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人皮肤的刺激作用

[目的]探讨耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人皮肤的刺激作用. [方法]选择从事耐火陶瓷纤维生产和加工的281名作业工人作为接触组,274名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组,进行皮肤检查和问诊,观察的效应指标主要为刺激性接触性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状.接触组按总粉尘质量浓度＜1、1～5、＞5 mg/m3分为低、中、高三个水平(分别为83人、128人、70人),按纤维计数浓度＜o.1、0.1～0.5、＞0.5 f/mL分为低、中、高三个水平(分别为83人、163人、35人).[结果]接触组刺激性接触性皮炎检出率、皮肤瘙痒发生率(13.2％、36.0％),均高于对照组(0％、10.6％)(P＜0.05).二者均与总粉尘质量浓度水平呈线性趋势关系(p＜0.05),并随总粉尘质量浓度水平的增加而升高;均与纤维计数浓度水平和接触工龄无关联性(P＞0.05). [结论]接触耐火陶瓷纤维可引起刺激性接触性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状等刺激作用,刺激作用与总粉尘质量浓度的关联性优于纤维计数浓度,可考虑作为制定总粉尘容许浓度的关键效应指标.     

耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人肺通气功能的影响

[目的]探讨耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人肺通气功能的影响. [方法]选择从事耐火陶瓷纤维生产和加工的265名作业工人作为接触组,273名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组,进行肺通气功能检查,指标为用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV 1.0)、一秒率(第一秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分率,FEV 1.0/FVC),均以实测值占预计值的百分比(FVC％、FEV1.0％、FEV1.0/FVC％)表示.接触组分别按纤维计数浓度＜0.1、0.1～0.5、＞0.5 f/mL,按总粉尘质量浓度＜1、1～5、＞5 mg/m3分为低、中、高水平.低纤维低总尘亚组81人、中纤维中总尘亚组123人、中纤维高总尘亚组30人、高纤维高总尘亚组31人. [结果]接触组作业工人FVC％、FEV1.0％和FEV 1.0/FVC％的均数均低于对照组(P＜0.05);高纤维高总尘亚组作业工人FVC％和FEV1.0％的下降较其他3个亚组更为明显(P＜0.05),不同接触工龄亚组间各指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).接触组限制性、阻塞性和混合性肺通气功能障碍检出率为58.9％、4.5％和3.8％,与对照组的检出率10.9％、5.1％和4.0％比较,仅限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率的差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).限制性肺通气功能障碍与纤维计数浓度、接触工龄具有关联性(P＜0.05),与总粉尘质量浓度、是否吸烟无关联性(P＞0.05). [结论]接触耐火陶瓷纤维可导致以限制性通气功能障碍为主的肺通气功能损害,限制性通气功能障碍检出率与纤维累计接触水平存在正相关关系,与纤维计数浓度的关联性优于总粉尘质量浓度.     

某建筑陶瓷厂陶工尘肺流行病学调查分析

[目的]调查建筑陶瓷企业陶工尘肺的发病情况。[方法]对某建筑陶瓷企业1 008例接尘工人(接尘组)进行陶工尘肺流行病学调查,以该企业85例非接尘工人作为对照组。陶工尘肺诊断按现行《尘肺病诊断标准》(GBZ 70-2009)。并对工作场所空气中粉尘浓度进行测定。[结果]陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度0.10~2.95 mg/m3,总尘浓度超标率18.18%,粉尘中游离SiO₂含量43%~44%。在1 008例接尘工人中,诊断为壹期陶工尘肺2例,检出率0.20%。X线胸片表现主要为圆形小阴影q影。接尘组肺通气功能减退和小气道功能异常检出率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接尘组的心电图改变和五官疾病的检出率与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]建筑陶瓷企业的陶工尘肺发病率较低,但其粉尘危害不容忽视,应做好预防控制工作。     

钢铁行业总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度比值的研究

[目的]为探讨总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度比值的关系。[方法]对某钢铁公司所属炼铁和采矿分公司的1504名接尘工人进行调查研究,通过进行矽肺病流行病学调查分析,把40年来的总粉尘浓度换算成呼吸性粉尘浓度。[结果]表明T/R比值在不同作业场所结果不一,配料和掘进两个工种呼吸性粉尘浓度较其他工种高,且患病率也高于其他工种。[结论]说明粉尘的生物学作用与呼吸性粉尘联系密切,进一步说明了呼吸性粉尘浓度比总粉尘浓度更能反映工人接尘的实际危害程度。     

耐火陶瓷纤维作业工人纤维粉尘职业接触水平分析

目的评估耐火陶瓷纤维(RCFs)生产企业不同工种和岗位作业工人纤维粉尘的职业接触水平,分析其接触特征。方法通过现场职业卫生学调查,选择较为典型的耐火陶瓷纤维生产企业,确定14个工种的37个岗位作为耐火陶瓷纤维职业接触水平检测对象。总粉尘质量浓度按《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分:总粉尘浓度》(GBZ/T192.1—2007)进行测定,纤维计数浓度采用滤膜/相差显微镜法进行测定,估算不同工种及岗位作业人员的日接触浓度(CTWA,8 h)和周接触浓度(CTWA,40 h),以5 mg/m3和0.5 f/ml作为CTWA,40 h分析的参考值。结果总粉尘质量浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.63~16.12 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.01~1.04 f/ml。生产RCFs的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值2.56 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.19 f/ml,呈低总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;加工RCFs的纺织车间操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.06 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.20 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;模块车间的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.74 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.73 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、高纤维计数浓度的特征。结论耐火陶瓷纤维作业工人接触的纤维计数浓度较低时,总粉尘质量浓度仍可能较高,联合测定两种表示单位的浓度可以更好地反映作业工人的职业接触特征。     

叶腊石磨粉作业职业危害调查

[目的]调查叶腊石磨粉对工人的职业危害。[方法]对8家叶腊石磨粉厂作业环境进行劳动卫生学调查，对接触叶腊石粉尘的84名工人和不接触粉尘的60名人员进行健康检查。[结果]8家企业作业场所作业岗位粉尘浓度626．7mg／m^3，大大超过国家卫生标准(2mg／m^3)，接尘组肺话量和FEVt％低于对照组(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)，接尘组尘肺患者患病率20．2％(17／84)。[结论]叶腊石粉尘对作业工人呼吸系统损害明显。     

破产企业接尘工人迟发矽肺及安置方法的调查

目的了解经济转型时期破产企业迟发型尘肺发病情况和尘肺病患者的安置方法。方法采用现场调查研究的方法,对广西某破产企业接尘及退休工人矽肺患病及安置情况进行调查研究。结果561名有粉尘接触史的退休或退职进入社区的受检者中,检出Ⅰ期矽肺15例,Ⅱ期矽肺1例,迟发矽肺检出率为2.99%;企业破产后新组建公司的94名在岗接尘工人中矽肺检出率为8.51%。结论企业破产时应考虑尘肺病迟发的特点合理安置和管理尘肺病人和退休接尘工人。     

闵行区二十七年尘肺发病情况分析及其重点预防对策

尘肺是一种严重威胁广大接尘作业工人身体健康,是难以治疗只能预防的职业病。它需要经过较长时间的接触粉尘而后发病。我国接尘作业人数繁多、劳动条件简陋,作业环境粉尘浓度超过标准几十倍比比皆是。尘肺病人1956年后每年以17％的速度逐年     

某市作业场所粉尘危害现状及管理调查

按行业分层选择某市粉尘接触行业的部分企业作为研究对象,采用自行设计的《工作场所粉尘情况调查表》和《粉尘作业场所管理改进建议问卷》对企业粉尘作业场所和职业卫生管理人员进行调查。结果不同行业中接触粉尘的工序、尘肺的高发工种差异很大,而粉尘浓度超标、缺乏防护措施为企业尘肺发生的主要原因。建议将粉尘接触限值和接尘工人健康监护周期按行业、工种进行调查,将粉尘所致疾病的常见、早期、容易监测且敏感的指标纳入接尘工人健康监护范围,在防尘措施和检测技术方面加强研究,增加具有粉尘监测和健康监护资质的机构。 更多还原     

车间空气中水泥粉尘最高容许浓度的研究

本文运用劳动卫生学，流行病学研究方法，对６个水泥厂接尘工人和水泥尘肺病人的粉尘接触量与尘肺发病率关系进行探讨。以个体接触浓度作为计算接尘量的根据，使用毫克年，呼吸粉尘值及毫克吨３种接尘量指标进行了比较，研究结果认为，水泥粉尘最高容许浓度６ｍｇ／ｍ＾３是合适的。     

Analysis of dietary insoluble and soluble fiber contents in school meal

The objective of this study was to estimate the contents of dietary insoluble and soluble fiber in school meal. Samples of the school meals were collected from May to June in 2008. Three elementary schools and three middle schools around Masan area were selected for analysis. Dietary soluble and insoluble fibers in the school meals were analyzed directly by the AOAC method. From the initial experiment phase, we used cellulose and pectin as a standard of dietary fiber, and average recovery rate of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber was calculated. The recovery rate was observed, the cellulose 109.7±11.7% (range 90~150%) and pectin 77.8±10.8% (range 64.7~96.7%), respectively. The amounts of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber were analyzed in the total of 66 dishes, which included 7 kinds of cooked rice (bab) made with some cereal products and vegetables, 19 kinds of soup (guk) made with meats or vegetables, 11 kinds of kimchi, 21 kinds of entrées or side dishes, and 8 special dishes. Conclusively the school meal, per serving size, would provide above 75% KDRI of total dietary fibers through mainly soups and special menu, with the exception to fruits. In addition, it might be expected that children could consume more soluble fiber from the meals with the special dishes than from the regular ones.     

Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fiber contents of Indian fruits

This work provides new data on total (TDF), insoluble (IDF) and soluble (SDF) dietary fiber contents of Indian fruits, which play an important role in human nutrition. Twenty-five common fruits and nine mango varieties were analyzed for their TDF, IDF and SDF contents by enzymatic and gravimetric method of AOAC. Among the fruits, the TDF and IDF contents ranged between 0.6 and 0.3 g% in watermelon and 10.9 and 9.1 g% in sapota, respectively. The SDF content ranged from 0.3 g% in watermelon to 2.4 g% in fig. The SDF as percentage of TDF was low in pear (7.0%) and high in sweet lime (51.8%), but in general, the majority of the fruits had 30%. In mango varieties the TDF and IDF contents were low in panchadarakalasa (1.3 and 0.5 g%) and high in banganapalli (3.0 and 1.5 g%), respectively. The SDF content was low in dashehari (0.7 g%) and high in eruman (1.6 g%). The SDF as % TDF ranged between 46.9% in dashehari and 61.5% in panchadarakalasa, but most of the mango varieties had around 50% of their TDF as SDF. Results indicate that fruits such as fig, mango, orange, papaya and sweet lime are rich sources of SDF, the component of TDF associated with a number of health benefits. The TDF contents of fruits analyzed in the present study were higher than their crude fiber content.     

食物中粗纤维与膳食纤维含量的比较

作者测定了北京市34种常见食物的粗纤维与中性洗涤剂纤维含量,并对两者进行了比较。结果表明,所有样品中,粗纤维含量均低于中性洗涤剂纤维。粗纤维与中性洗涤剂纤维含量的百分比值介于13.04～65.63之间,蔬菜最高,干豆类、水果次之,谷类最低。某些食物中,粗纤维与中性洗涤剂纤维含量有很好的相关,得到回归方程:(?)=0.4230+1.2425x(蔬菜、水果的鲜样)和(?)=0.0456+4.6161x(谷类),认为可以根据粗纤维的含量预测食物中性洗剂纤维的含量。     

膳食纤维对肠动力障碍改善作用的研究进展

肠动力障碍可由多种疾病造成,也是危重症病人常见的并发症之一。有研究表明,肠动力障碍可通过调节远端消化腔内微生态环境以及减少细菌毒素来改善,也为肠动力障碍的治疗提供新的参考策略。膳食纤维(DF)具有加快结肠传输、正向调整肠道菌群、保护肠黏膜屏障等生理功能,临床上广泛用于危重症病人、炎症性肠病、糖尿病等病人肠动力障碍的辅助治疗。为进一步探究DF的应用与肠动力障碍改善之间的关系,以下对中英文数据库进行文献检索,并对部分近年来该方面发表的文献进行综述,以期为肠动力障碍的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

Total,insoluble and soluble dietary fiber contents of selected Kuwaiti composite dishes

Total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents of 37 composite dishes commonly consumed in the State of Kuwait were determined by the AOAC enzymatic–gravimetric method of Prosky et al. Levels (g/100 g) of SDF ranged over 0.3–0.5 in fish-based dishes, 0.3–2.6 in meat-based dishes, 0.1–1.4 in rice dishes, 3.2–4.6 in vegetable dishes, 0.3–0.7 in soup dishes, 0 in dairy dishes, 0.7–0.8 in sandwiches, and 0.1–5.0 in sweet dishes. IDF levels ranged over 1.1–1.8 in fish-based, 0.9–3.2 in meat-based, 0.6–2.7 in rice, 2.1–4.0 in vegetables, 0.6–3.4 in soup, 0 in dairy, 0.2–0.3 in sandwiches, and 0.2-11.6 in sweets. TDF values ranged over 1.4–2.3 in fish-based, 1.2–3.7 in meat-based, 0.3–4.1 in rice, 3.2-4.6 in vegetables, 0.9–3.8 in soup, 0 in dairy, 0.7–0.8 in sandwiches and 0.3–15.4 in sweets. This work attempts to provide new data on TDF, IDF and SDF of selected commonly consumed Kuwaiti composite dishes.     

中国居民2002年膳食纤维的摄入现状

目的:分析我国居民2002年膳食纤维的摄入量及其食物来源。方法:数据来源于2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查,本次分析为2岁及以上人群68952例,(男33546,女35406)。结果:我国居民总膳食纤维摄入量占AI的61.9%,每标准人日总/不可溶性膳食纤维(TDF/IDF)摄入量为18.7g/12g,城市17.4g/11.1g,农村19.1g/12.4g,与1992年比,IDF摄入量有所下降。在各个年龄组均呈现农村男性>农村女性>城市男性>城市女性,成年前随年龄逐渐上升,而中老年逐渐下降的趋势。IDF主要来源于蔬菜、面、米、杂粮,分别占31.6%、21.2%、16.1%、5.8%。结论:应该在人群中大力开展膳食营养教育,强调摄入蔬菜、谷类食物及水果的重要性,提高我国居民膳食纤维摄入的整体水平,从而在一定程度上预防和控制慢性疾病的发生。     

谷物和谷物食品不溶性膳食纤维的测定

作者以中性洗涤剂法(AACC法)试验证明:样品的粗细度以40目为宜,样品在热中性洗涤液中浸煮1小时,测定结果符合要求;用十氢化萘作为去泡剂优于正辛醇;采用两种方式测定回收率,结果为94.1至100.4％,8个小麦样品平行试验的变异系数为1.8％。本法所用设备简单、容易操作、准确度和精密度较高,适合谷物和谷物食品样品的测定。     

颞下颌关节骨关节病纤维组织变化的实验研究

[目的]建立颞下颌关节骨关节病的动物模型,研究关节盘中弹力纤维、胶原纤维的分布及量的变化并探讨其与骨关节病的关系。[方法]20只新西兰白兔行左侧关节上腔穿刺,注射3%基质金属蛋白酶-10.1ml。于术后24h、1周、4周、8周、12周各处死4只,切取颞下颌关节标本。行Masson氏染色法和维多利亚蓝(VictoriaBlue)染色+范基森(VanGieson)复染法。在光镜下观察关节盘与双板区胶原纤维与弹力纤维的变化。[结果]注药后1周关节盘变薄,胶原纤维束变细,双板区弹力纤维散在断裂。第4周关节盘胶原纤维与弹力纤维排列稀疏、紊乱,部分断裂,双板区弹力纤维排列稀疏,大部分断裂。第8周关节盘出现穿孔。第12周可见胶原纤维和弹性纤维断裂、崩解。[结论]颞下颌关节骨关节病中胶原纤维和弹性纤维随病变发展而呈现逐渐加重的破坏性改变。     

食物中膳食纤维含量及其组成特点

用洗涤剂方法测定北京市34种常见食物中膳食纤维含量,包括中性洗涤剂纤维、酸性洗涤剂纤维、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,以干样计,蔬菜膳食纤维含量与蔬菜种类有关,嫩茎、叶、苔、花类含量高,含淀粉较高的根茎类则低,其它根茎类居中。各类食物的膳食纤维的组成成分也不同,蔬菜、干豆类以纤维素为主,谷类绝大部分以半纤维素为主,除蒜苗外,所有样品中以木质素含量为最低。     

Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium changes following a glucose challenge during pregnancy.

This study examined the effects of pregnancy and glucose loading on plasma and erythrocyte (RBC) magnesium (Mg) concentrations. In a completely randomized design with repeated measures, 15 nonpregnant, 15 early pregnant (13-17 weeks) and 15 late pregnant (28-34 weeks) women ingested 100 g glucose. Blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes to evaluate changes in Mg levels. Fasting plasma Mg concentrations decreased slightly but not significantly as gestational age of the groups increased. Fasting RBC Mg concentrations were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in late pregnant women compared with early pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma Mg responses to a glucose challenge in nonpregnant women exhibited a curvilinear pattern whereas responses in pregnant women appeared unaffected by the glucose challenge. RBC Mg concentrations for nonpregnant and early pregnant women failed to respond to the glucose challenge whereas it decreased in a linear pattern during late pregnancy. The diabetogenic effect of late pregnancy appears to affect RBC Mg. This redistribution of Mg during late pregnancy could suggest a possible role for RBC as a Mg pool.